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地浸矿山的“二次开发”——以通辽钱Ⅱ块矿床C1采区为例
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摘要
针对原地浸出矿山开采过程中存在的技术难题提出了"二次开发"概念,其核心是矿床的强化浸出。"二次开发"的对象是处于中后期开采阶段、临近退役的砂岩型矿床。首先对"一次开发"过程中存在的问题和起因进行了充分、深入的分析,以及较为充分的理论计算,在此基础上,有针对性地提出了解决问题的技术路线和措施。"二次开发"重点在于退役前矿床的强化浸出,包括物理强化浸出和化学强化浸出两个方面。物理强化浸出主要着重于浸出单元的调整,最大程度地减小不可浸出的范围,同时考虑经济原则,即最好充分利用现有井场设施和装备。化学强化浸出的重点是掌握:1)充分氧化U(Ⅳ)矿物的O_2浓度范围;2)增大溶浸强度、提高浸出液浓度,所需的溶浸液组成和浓度极值。物理强化和化学强化作用叠加或可真正实现矿山"二次开发"的目标,延长矿山的生产寿命,提高资源利用率。未来,"二次开发"技术还可用于:1)低渗透、难浸出砂岩型矿床的开发;2)与"一次开发"技术相结合,提高地浸矿山开采的经济性和资源利用率;3)退役矿山的地下水复原或治理。
The concept of secondary exploitation about ISL uranium deposits is supposed in this paper.The study background is ISL uranium deposits at medium term mining and retirement.Based on "first exploitation",the technology roadmap and scheme about "secondary exploitation" are proposed according to the deep analysis and calculation on the problems and their cause.About enhancement of ISL mining,it is brought that:1)oxygen concentration confine that U(Ⅳ) minerals can be oxidized enough to U(Ⅵ) minerals;2)constituents and concentration range that the uranium concentration of lixivium can be increased efficiently;3) newly leaching method that the "weak dissolution area" and "dead area" can be decreased efficiently or disappeared.In future, "secondary exploitation" technology system established by means of research and development could made it possible that:1) production of sandstone deposits with lower penetrability;2) the economic benefit and utilization rate of deposits can be improved with first exploitation;3) the recover or comeback of groundwater after uranium deposits are retired.
引文
[1]成弘,邓锦勋.CO_2原地浸出过程的U(Ⅵ)溶液化学研究[C].全国矿大基地建设学术研讨会论文集,海南海口,2012:1272-1279.
    [2]成弘,刘乃忠,曾毅君,等.碱性U(Ⅵ)溶液稳定性及其控制方程[R].中国核科学技术进展报告(第三卷):矿冶卷.北京:中国原子能出版社,2013:140-148.
    [3]胡文瑞.中国石油二次开发技术综述[J].特种油气藏,2007,14(16):12-18.

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