用户名: 密码: 验证码:
星图处理算法的初步研究及一体化组合导航的电路设计
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
一体化、小型化的星光/惯性组合导航系统是导航研究领域中一个重要的发展方向,也是目前我国导航应用方面所急需解决的难题。星图处理和导航系统的硬件设计均为星光/惯性组合导航系统的核心技术,因此开展该两项技术的研究具有极高的工程应用价值。
     本文的主要工作包括星图处理算法的初步研究及一体化组合导航的电路设计。星图处理算法的初步研究主要包括对星图处理各组成部分的分析、算法开发及仿真试验;一体化组合导航的电路设计主要包括一体化组合导航的电路板设计及板上通信管理系统设计。
     论文主要分为两个部分,第一部分:星图处理算法的初步研究,包括第二、三章;第二部分:一体化组合导航的电路设计,包括第四、五章。其各章内容安排如下:
     第一章:简述了星光导航的工作原理、现状及发展趋势,提出本课题的研究内容及其研究意义,并简要介绍了本文的创新点。
     第二章:分析了CCD相机的噪声特性,阐述了星图维纳滤波处理的原理和效果,并系统地介绍了本课题所开发的星图分割算法及基于匹配查询和单点相关运算的伪星识别算法的组成、工作原理、算法实现及仿真试验。
     第三章:详细介绍了本课题所开发的查表高斯拟合亚象元细分定位算法及基于多维三角形向量的双次检测识别算法的组成、算法的实现及仿真试验。
     第四章:系统地介绍了一体化组合导航电路板的各组成部分的设计,包括一体化组合导航电路板的总体架构设计、供电电源设计、电路板的层次结构设计、信号完整性仿真及电路板的设计结果。
     第五章:详细介绍了一体化组合导航的板上通信管理系统的设计及FPGA实现,主要包括整个通信管理系统的总体架构设计、系统的各外部通信管理单元设计、板间SPI通信管理模块设计、总控制单元的设计及系统的综合实现。
     第六章:总结和展望。
     本文的创新之处在于:提出了查询匹配结合单点相关运算的伪星识别算法,并利用星图的一维数组转换算法简化了对恒星星点的相对位置的描述;提出了高精度、快速定位的查表高斯拟合算法。
It is an important trend to develop integrative and miniaturized Star Light /Inertia Combinative Navigation System in the area of Star Light Navigation which is also the difficult problem in the application area of our nation's navigation. For the star image processing and the design of navigation's hardware are both the key technology of Star Light /Inertia Combinative Navigation System, so it is of high engineering value to do research on them.
     The paper's work mainly contains the pilot study on star image processing and the design of the integrative combinative navigation's circuit. The former part, including the analysis, development and simulation of each arithmetic which composes of star image process, will be introduced in the chapter 2 and chapter 3;the latter part, including the design of PCBs and the communication management system, will be described in the chapter 4 and chapter 5 .
     The paragraphs of this paper are organized as follows:
     Chapter 1: The principle, current status and trend of Star Light Navigation were briefly described, and the content, meaning as well as the innovations of the work was presented.
     Chapter 2: The noise characteristic of the CCD camera was analyzed, and the principle and the effect of the wiener filter were clarified. Meanwhile, the composing, principle, arithmetic realization and simulation of the star image division arithmetic and the fake star identification arithmetic were described in detail.
     Chapter 3: The composing, arithmetic realization and simulation of the table-inquiry Gauss fitting subpixel location and the double time verify identification arithmetic based on multiple dimension triangle vector were presented in detail.
     Chapter 4: The components' design of the integrative Combinative Navigation circuit board were described systematically, including the entire framework of integrative circuit board, power supplying subsystem , the structure's hierarchy of the PCBs, the simulation of signal integrality and the design result of the PCBs.
     Chapter 5: The design of communication management system and the FPGA realization were given in detail which contains the design of the entire framework, the outer communication management unit, the SPI communication management module between PCBs, the general control unit and the realization of the whole system.
     Chapter 6: Summary and expectations for the research in the paper
     Innovations of this paper lie in: putting forward a new fake star identification arithmetic which combines inquiry matching with the correlation computing of single point and using the conversion arithmetic of star image's one dimension array to simplify the description of star's relative location; creating a named inquiry-table Gauss fitting arithmetic which is of high precision and can be rapidly located.
引文
[1] 王安国.导航战背景下的天文导航技术[J].天文学进展.2001,19(2):326~330.
    [2] 何炬.国外天文导航技术发展综述[J].舰船科学技术.2005,27(5):91~96.
    [3] 王振华,谢伦治.宽视场星体跟踪器主要关键技术研究[J].舰船科学技术.2005,27(3):50~54.
    [4] 刘大军,陈宇.捷联惯导+G/G接收机+星光组合导航应用研究[J].现代防御技术.2003,31(6):38~40.
    [5] 马超杰,林志丹.现代军用导航技术[J].航空科学技术.2005,(4):17~19.
    [6] 季必达.我国天文导航发展与学术交流[A].第六届导航及海上通信学术年会论文集[C].北京:中国电子学会,2001.10~21
    [7] 季必达,冯惠兰.跨向21世纪的天文导航应怎样发展[A]冲国航海学会通信导航专业委员会船舶通信与导航研讨会论文集[C].西安:导航编辑部,1998.9~17.
    [8] 陈金枝.天文导航与星光制导[J].舰船科学技术.2001,(1):61~65.
    [9] 王振华,段滔,李临,等.基于CCD星体跟踪器的舰船位置估计计算法研究[J].计算机与数学工程.2002,30(5):5~10.
    [10] 陈霞.天文/惯性组合导航模式研究[J].光学与光电技术.2003,1.3:21~25.
    [11] Allan Eisenman, Carl Chtistian Liebe. Operation and Performance of a Senond Generation, Solid State, StarTracker, The ASC.Acta Astronautica,1996,(39): 697~705.
    [12] 吴德隆.航天Smart结构与材料的开发与进展[J].导弹与航天运载技术,1996,(4):1-13
    [13] 陈纯.计算机图像处理技术与算法[M].第一版.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
    [14] 孙即祥.图像处理[M].北京:科学出版社.2004.
    [15] 王家文,李仰军.MATLAB 7.0图形图像处理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006.
    [16] 卢文祥,杜润生.机械工程测试·信息·信号分析[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,1999.
    [17] 王成新.高级图像处理技术[M].第一版.北京:中国科学技术出版社,2001.
    [18] 田捷,沙飞,张新生.实用图像分析与处理技术[M].第一版.北京:电子工业出版社,1995.
    [19] 陈后金,薛健,胡健.数字信号处理[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2004.
    [20] 林雪原,何友.双星定位/捷联惯导组合导航技术[J].上海交通大学学报.2005,39(9):1485~1488.
    [21] 陈新民,谢全根.可应用于运载火箭上的组合制导方法研究[J].2004,25(3):346~349.
    [22] 刘一武,陈义庆.星敏感器测量模型及其在卫星姿态确定系统中的应用[J].宇航学报.2003,24(2):162~167.
    [23] 安世娇,江涌,姚宏瑛.捷联惯性+星光修正组合导航研究[J].现代防御技术.2004,32(1):34~37.
    [24] 于开峰,吴德伟,戚君宜.天文导航技术应用及发展研究[J]_导航.2006,3-1:21~25.
    [25] 胡冬至,彭春萍.双DSP嵌入式天文导航硬件平台[J].光学与光电技术.2004,2-6:61~64.
    [26] 贾永红.数字图像处理[M].第一版.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003.
    [27] Moody A B . Navigation Using Signals from High-Altitude Satellites[J]. Proceedings of the IRE. Volume 48, Issue 4, April 1960 Page(s):500~506.
    [28] Farid Gul, Fang Jiancheng. En-route Alignment and Calibration of SINS by Celestial Observation and Distinctiveness of Free Fall Trajectory[J]. 9th International Multitopic Conference, IEEE INMIC 2005. 2005:1~6.
    [29] John Leif Jergensen, Carl Christian Liebe.The Advanced Stellar Compass, Development and Operation[J].Acta Astronautica. 1997,37:775~783.
    [30] J. JZrgensen, (3. Thuesen, M. Betto, T. Riis, Radiation impacts on star-tracker performance and vision systems in space[J].Acta Astronautica. 2004,46:415-422.
    [31] Easton R L .The role of time/frequency in navy navigation satellites[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE.1972, Volume 60, Issue 5:557~563.
    [32] Farid Gul, Jiancheng Fang. Alternate of GPS for ballistic vehicle navigation[J].Systems and Control in Aerospace and Astronautics.2006,19-21:6 pp.
    [33] Shu-Lin Su, Jian Yuan, Wen-Xia Zhang. Unscented Kalman Filter based Autonomous Optical Navigation Method[J]. Chinese Control Conference. 2006:403~406.
    [34] Moody A B. Space Navigation[J]. Proceedings of the IRE.1962, Volume 50, Issue 5:672~678.
    [35] Kransner S M, Bernard D E. Integrating autonomy technologies into an embedded spacecraft system-flight software system engineering for new millennium[J]. Aerospace Conference. 1997, Volume 2, 1-8:409~420.
    [36] Zayan M A. Resources minimization in the satellite navigation process[J]. Aerospace Conference. 2006,4-11:9 pp.
    [37] 刘瑞娟.天文导航中星图图像底层处理的研究[D].华北电力大学.
    [38] 田玉龙,王广君,房建成,等.基于局部熵的星敏感器星图提取方法[J]_哈尔滨工业大学学报.2005,37(8):1068~1070.
    [39] 王广君,田金文,柳 键,等.基于局部最大熵的多目标图像分割方法[J].华中理工大学学报.2000,28(12):4~5.
    [40] 苟中魁,张少军,李忠富,等.一种基于极值的自适应中值滤波算法[J].红外与激光工程.2005,34(1):98~101.
    [41] 田宏.影响星敏感器姿态计算精度的因素分析[J].导弹与航天运载技术.2005,(5):14~17.
    [42] 郝雪涛,江洁,张广军.CMOS星敏感器图像驱动及实时星点定位算法[J].北京航空航天大学学报.2005,31(4):381~384.
    [43] 王广君,房建成.一种星图识别的星体图像高精度内插算法[J].北京航空航天大学学报.2005,31(5):566~569.
    [44] 纪大山,柴饶军,马彩文,等.基于CCD亚像元细分原理的点目标自动采样算法[J].计算机仿真.2005,22(8):111~114.
    [45] 凌峰,张秋文,王乘,等.基于元胞自动机模型的遥感图像亚像元定位[J].中国图像图形学报.2005,10(7):916~921.
    [46] 赵剡,张怡.星图识别质心提取算法研究[J].空间电子技术.2004,(4):5~8.
    [47] 谭伟明.星敏感器恒星检测若干问题研究[J].光学与光电技术.2004,2(1):8~9.
    [48] 李学夔,郝志航,李杰,等.星敏感器的星点定位方法研究[J].电子器件.2004,27(4):571~574.
    [49] 李玉峰,郝志航.星点图像超精度亚像元细分定位算法的研究[J].光学技术.2005,31(5):666~671.
    [50] Giancarlo Rufino, Domenico Accardo. Enhancement of the centroiding algorithm for star tracker measure refinement[J].Acta Astronautica.2003,(53): 135~147.
    [51] Johnston K J . The FAME mission: an adventure in celestial astrometric precision[J]. OCEANS. 2001, Volume 3,5-8:1466~1468.
    [52] CURTIS W P, KENNETH K D. A grid algorithm for autonomous star identification [J]. IEEE Transactions onAerospaceand Electronic system, 1997, 33(1): 202~213.
    [53] DANIEL S C, CURTIS W P. Small field-of-view star identification using Bayesian decision theory[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic system,2000,36(3):773~783.
    [54] 郑胜,吴伟仁,田金文,等.一种新的全天自主几何结构星图识别算法,光电工程,2004,31(3):4~7.
    [55] 田宏,李展.提高星图识别正确率的方法研究[J].光电工程,2003,30(6):1~3.
    [56] 朱长征,沈振康.面向星敏感器的星模式识别算法[J].中国惯性技术学报.2004,12(1):55~59.
    [57] 魏新国,张广军,江洁.利用径向和环向分布特征的星图识别方法[J].光电工程.2004,31(8):4~7.
    [58] 郑胜,吴伟仁,田金文,等.一种基于三角形几何结构的星图识别算法[J].光学技术.2004,30(1):70~73.
    [59] 李立宏,张福恩,林涛.一种基于遗传算法的全天自主星图识别算法[J].光电工程.2000,27(5):15~18.
    [60] 李立宏,徐洪泽,张福恩.一种改进全天自主栅格星图识别算法[J].光学技术.2000,26(3):204~206.
    [61] 李立宏,林涛,宁永臣,等.一种改进的全天自主三角形星图识别算法[J].光学技术,2000,26(4):372~374.
    [62] 林涛,周建林,张钧萍,等.四边形全天自主星图识别算法[J].宇航学报.2000,21(2):82~85.
    [63] 房建成,全伟,孟小红.基于Delaunay三角剖分的全天自主星图识别算法[J].北京航天航空大学学报.2005,31(3):311~315.
    [64] 王广君,房建成.基于Hausdorff距离的星图识别方法[J].北京航天航空大学学报.2005,31(5):508~511.
    [65] 陈朝阳,王波,张晨.基于主星对的星图识别算法[J].计算机仿真.2004,21(6):51~53.
    [66] 刘金辉,李丹妮.基于神经网络的自动星图识别算法[J].青岛大学学报.2003,18(1):27~29.
    [67] 田金文,胡涵,郑胜,等.导航星三角形分类选取算法研究[J].华中科技大学学报.2005,33(7):11~13.
    [68] 刘朝山,刘光斌.星光制导中的凸多边形星图识别算法[J].光学精密工程.2005,13(1):88~94.
    [69] 袁家虎,朱耆祥,周肇飞,等.星图识别方法及识别几率分析[J]_光电工程.25:51~54.
    [70] 田玉龙,全伟,王广君,等.星图识别的剖分算法[J].系统工程与电子技术.2004,26(11):1676~1679.
    [71] 陈元枝,郝志航.适用于星敏感器的星图识别方法[J].光电工程.2000,25(5):5~10.
    [72] Wang Anguo, Dai Mingsheng, Jiang Xihua, Zhang Zhiqiang, etc. Consideration of Celestial Navigation Calculating Automation technique[J]. Radar. 2001, 15-18:184~188.
    [73] Seidelmann P K, Doggett L E, Janiczek P M. Algorithms, calculators, and computers for celestial navigation[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE. 1983, Volume 71, Issue 10:1201~1204
    [74] Wang Ziliang, Quan Wei. An all-sky autonomous star map identification algorithm[J]. Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine. 2004, Volume 19,Issue 3:10~14.
    [75] Sheng Zheng, Jian Liu, JinWen Tian. An efficient star acquisition method based on SVM with mixtures of kernels[J]. Pattern Recognition Letters.2005,26:147~165.
    [76] Bao-Hua Li, Ying-Chun Zhang, Hua-Yi Li, Shi-Wen Xu. An autonomous star pattern recognition algorithm using bit match[J]. Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 2005. Proceedings of 2005 International Conference on .2005, Volume 8, 18-21:4818~4823.
    [77] Texas Instruments Corporation . High-Speed DSP Systems Design Reference Guide[EB]. Texas:Texas Instruments Corporation .2005.5
    [78] Xilinx Corporation .Powering Xilinx FPGAs[EB]. San Jose: Xilinx Corporation
    
    [79] Altera Corporation.High-Speed Board Layout Guidelines[EB]. Oregon: Altera Corporation 2003.9.
    [80] Altera Corporation.Guidelines for Designing High-Speed FPGA PCBs[EB]. Oregon: Altera Corporation 2004.2.
    [81] Altera Corporation.Basic Principles of Signal Integrity[EB]. Oregon: Altera Corporation 2004.7.
    [82] Altera Corporation.Board Design Guidelines for LVDS Systems[EB]. Oregon: Altera Corporation 2000.7.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700