适用于胜利埕岛油田疏松砂岩储层的入井液体系应用研究
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摘要
油田化学品是解决油田钻井、完井、采油、注水、提高采收率及集输等过程中化学问题时所使用的药剂。国内外石油工业的发展,促进和带动了油田化学品的发展,反过来,油田化学品的发展,品种的增多,质量的提高,又推动了石油工业的发展,油田勘探开发技术水平和经济效益的提高,目前,油田化学品的研制、开发和应用已成为全球石油界和化工界所共同关注的课题。
胜利海上埕岛油田储层多为河流相沉积的稠油高饱和、高渗透、多油水系统岩性构造层状油藏,目前以馆陶组油层开采为主,其中馆上段油层的储量占探明地质储量的76%以上,是开发的主要目的层,其埋藏深度浅,储层岩性差,为典型的高渗透疏松砂岩储集层,其胶结物含量明显偏低,储层粘土矿物含量10.7%,储层胶结疏松,遇水极易膨胀,作业过程中容易导致油层伤害;部分生产层段地面平均原油粘度421mPa.s,粘度偏高,在生产过程中出砂相对较严重。油层的孔隙半径最大为40.5μm,平均7.7μm。这样很容易被入井液携带的固相颗粒以及与地层原油接触产生的乳状液所堵塞,这些堵塞一旦造成很难解除。此外入井液漏失地层可增加油层的含水饱和度,引起地层油相渗透率的降低。
针对以上地层实际情况,急需开发一种适合本油田特殊储层情况的作业完井入井液体系,以保证油田开发的需要。先期通过对埕岛油田馆陶组储层进行的大量敏感性实验研究,认为馆陶组储层属于弱流速敏感、中等强度的水敏、盐敏,对土酸不敏感。临界矿化度为2000～4000mg/l,为优化各种工作液配方提供强有力的依据,然后针对储层的特性分类筛选不同的有针对性解决相应地层问题的油田化学助剂,如防膨抑砂剂、原油破乳剂等,通过各种模拟生产现场的要求做出各种物化指标来评价他们的室内性能,并利用配伍实验观察各种药剂之间的配伍效果,综合优选出最优配方,利用岩心流动实验综合模拟评价各种配伍效果下的入井液体系对地层的伤害,用馆陶组疏松砂岩制成模拟岩心,并模拟井下温度条件测其相对于煤油的渗透率,通过比较反通作业入井液前后岩心渗透率的变化情况检验入井液对岩心的伤害。油田开发中油气层损害的现场评价方法有三种:试井分析法、测井分析法、生产动态分析法。利用试井分析法计算出来的渗透率是有效渗透率,试井分析出来的堵塞比或表皮系数是油气层的损害程度,所以它是唯一定量评价地层是否损害和损害程度的评价方法。各种井下作业,由于使用入井液,都要对生产地层有影响。在作业后,进行试井测试,通过压力恢复或压力降落曲线分析,取得各种有关参数,如表皮系数、堵塞比、流动效率、完善指数、产率比等,通过对油层损害程度的判断来评价入井液的优劣好坏,所以储层损害可以通过试井过程中所获得的压力恢复或压力降落曲线进行分析,表皮系数是一项最重要的参数指标。当油气从储层流入井筒时,在环状区产生一个附加压降,阻碍油气流动,这个现象叫表皮效应。把这个现象数量化,用S表示称为表皮系数。它表示了表皮效应的性质和储层损害程度。通过优选部分有代表性的油井进行试井分析现场应用效果,通过与不同入井液的对比,来确定优选配方后的入井液体系对地层是否具有保护和改善的功效。
通过大量的调研和室内试验以及现场应用,开发出了一种适合埕岛油田地层储层特性的作业完井入井液体系,论文中提到的各项室内数据和现场应用结果表明,该入井液体系有较强的防膨抑砂功能,有效地减轻了地层的水化膨胀和出砂,保护了油层,埕岛油田疏松砂岩储层入井液体系是一种适合该储层特性,能够对油层作出积极保护的入井液体系。
另外由于该入井液体系基液为过滤海水,90%以上的原料可以就地取材,因此大大节省了材料费用,降低了作业成本,具有较好的经济效益,在今天海上油田开发成本较高的情况下,这种经济效益较好的入井液体系无疑将产生很高的社会和经济价值。
The chemical of the oil-field is used to resolve the chemical problem of the oil-field drilling,completion, oil rescovery,water fooding, the oil rescovery increasing and oil transportation.With the development of the oil industry at home and abroad, the chemical of the oil-field is promoted. On another hand, by the variety increasing,the quantity raising and the development of the chemical of the oil-field,the oil industry is pushed forword,the level of oil exploration is increased and the economic benefit is raised.At present,the oil trade and the chemical engineering trade in the world are collectively payed more attention to the research and the manufacture of the chemical of the oil-field.
The reservoir of Chengdao offshore oil-field in Shengli is GUANTAO formation fluvial sand boodies,it is a heavy crude high saturation and high infiltration oil-bearing area of structural layered pool and lithologic oil reservoir,and the exploration of GUANTAO formation oil reservoir is given the first place. Upper part of Guantao Formation in Chengdao oil field is a fluvial sandstone with abundant oil and gas. It accounts for 76% of the proven OOIP of this formation. It is the main formation for extraction. It is recognized that this sandstone reservoir is of meandering river facies with positive rhythm , fine grained sediments mainly ; and has the characteristics of high porosity , high permeability , high oil saturation , high oil viscosity , and strong heterogeneity. The sand bodies change rapidly, and the sandstone is very loose and will have sand up inflow easily during oil production. The content of this high permeability unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs is low,and the Clay minerals content of reservoir is 10.7%. This reservoir is a typical fluvial facies deposit , loosly consolidated , with a low mineral and textural maturity , a strong heterogeneity. To the reservoir strata ,working fluids will cause stronge water sensibility,that would damage to the oil reservoir during the downhole operation. The averaging viscosity of crude of a part of productive intervals is 421mPa.s,this viscosity is high and the sand production is seriously. The maximum of pore radius of oil layers is 40.5μm and the average value is 7.7μm. At this satuation the pore is easily blocked up by the solid phase grain and milky fluid.And the block is difficultly to relieve once it is brought out. The fluid lossing could increase the water saturation of oil layers and debase the oil relative permeability.
By the situation of the geologic strata,it is need urgently to develop a kind of drilling and completion fluid to meet to the exploration of the oil-field. a good deal of the experiment research shows that to the reservoir strata of the GUANTAO formation, working fluids will cause stronge water sensibility owing to I/S , rate sensibility at some extent owing to K, and weak acid sensibility owing to Ch.The critical TSD ranges form 2000mg/l to 4000mg/l.Then a variety of oil-field chemical doses are pulsated to meet to different layers homologously.By a great deal of field simulating experiment the optimized sand control dose and oil demulsifier are selected.There are three present estimation methods of oil-gas layer lesion .They are well testing analysis method,logging nalysis method and production dynamic nalysis method.At present the international generally accepted method is the well testing analysis method,It is the only method that can estimate theextent of damage of the geologic strata quantitively.All kinds of downhole operation would influence the geologic strata because of the use of drilling fluid.The well testing is proceeded after operation to collect the parameters.It can judge the good or bad of the drilling fluid by the extent of damage of the oil layers through the parameters.By selecting the representative oil well to performance the present application effect througeh well testing analysis,it is judged the optimized formulation and its protectctive efficacy.
Though a variety of indoor experiment and present application,a new drilling fluid suiting to the geologic strata of CHENGDAO oil-field is developed,it has good sand control function,it can debase the inflation and sand production of the geologic strata and protect the oil layers.
Because this drilling fluid is based on the filter brine, above 90% raw material can use local materials,this would save the stuff charge greatly,debase the operation cost,have a quite good economy benefit and generate a fairly good value.
胜利海上埕岛油田储层多为河流相沉积的稠油高饱和、高渗透、多油水系统岩性构造层状油藏,目前以馆陶组油层开采为主,其中馆上段油层的储量占探明地质储量的76%以上,是开发的主要目的层,其埋藏深度浅,储层岩性差,为典型的高渗透疏松砂岩储集层,其胶结物含量明显偏低,储层粘土矿物含量10.7%,储层胶结疏松,遇水极易膨胀,作业过程中容易导致油层伤害;部分生产层段地面平均原油粘度421mPa.s,粘度偏高,在生产过程中出砂相对较严重。油层的孔隙半径最大为40.5μm,平均7.7μm。这样很容易被入井液携带的固相颗粒以及与地层原油接触产生的乳状液所堵塞,这些堵塞一旦造成很难解除。此外入井液漏失地层可增加油层的含水饱和度,引起地层油相渗透率的降低。
针对以上地层实际情况,急需开发一种适合本油田特殊储层情况的作业完井入井液体系,以保证油田开发的需要。先期通过对埕岛油田馆陶组储层进行的大量敏感性实验研究,认为馆陶组储层属于弱流速敏感、中等强度的水敏、盐敏,对土酸不敏感。临界矿化度为2000～4000mg/l,为优化各种工作液配方提供强有力的依据,然后针对储层的特性分类筛选不同的有针对性解决相应地层问题的油田化学助剂,如防膨抑砂剂、原油破乳剂等,通过各种模拟生产现场的要求做出各种物化指标来评价他们的室内性能,并利用配伍实验观察各种药剂之间的配伍效果,综合优选出最优配方,利用岩心流动实验综合模拟评价各种配伍效果下的入井液体系对地层的伤害,用馆陶组疏松砂岩制成模拟岩心,并模拟井下温度条件测其相对于煤油的渗透率,通过比较反通作业入井液前后岩心渗透率的变化情况检验入井液对岩心的伤害。油田开发中油气层损害的现场评价方法有三种:试井分析法、测井分析法、生产动态分析法。利用试井分析法计算出来的渗透率是有效渗透率,试井分析出来的堵塞比或表皮系数是油气层的损害程度,所以它是唯一定量评价地层是否损害和损害程度的评价方法。各种井下作业,由于使用入井液,都要对生产地层有影响。在作业后,进行试井测试,通过压力恢复或压力降落曲线分析,取得各种有关参数,如表皮系数、堵塞比、流动效率、完善指数、产率比等,通过对油层损害程度的判断来评价入井液的优劣好坏,所以储层损害可以通过试井过程中所获得的压力恢复或压力降落曲线进行分析,表皮系数是一项最重要的参数指标。当油气从储层流入井筒时,在环状区产生一个附加压降,阻碍油气流动,这个现象叫表皮效应。把这个现象数量化,用S表示称为表皮系数。它表示了表皮效应的性质和储层损害程度。通过优选部分有代表性的油井进行试井分析现场应用效果,通过与不同入井液的对比,来确定优选配方后的入井液体系对地层是否具有保护和改善的功效。
通过大量的调研和室内试验以及现场应用,开发出了一种适合埕岛油田地层储层特性的作业完井入井液体系,论文中提到的各项室内数据和现场应用结果表明,该入井液体系有较强的防膨抑砂功能,有效地减轻了地层的水化膨胀和出砂,保护了油层,埕岛油田疏松砂岩储层入井液体系是一种适合该储层特性,能够对油层作出积极保护的入井液体系。
另外由于该入井液体系基液为过滤海水,90%以上的原料可以就地取材,因此大大节省了材料费用,降低了作业成本,具有较好的经济效益,在今天海上油田开发成本较高的情况下,这种经济效益较好的入井液体系无疑将产生很高的社会和经济价值。
The chemical of the oil-field is used to resolve the chemical problem of the oil-field drilling,completion, oil rescovery,water fooding, the oil rescovery increasing and oil transportation.With the development of the oil industry at home and abroad, the chemical of the oil-field is promoted. On another hand, by the variety increasing,the quantity raising and the development of the chemical of the oil-field,the oil industry is pushed forword,the level of oil exploration is increased and the economic benefit is raised.At present,the oil trade and the chemical engineering trade in the world are collectively payed more attention to the research and the manufacture of the chemical of the oil-field.
The reservoir of Chengdao offshore oil-field in Shengli is GUANTAO formation fluvial sand boodies,it is a heavy crude high saturation and high infiltration oil-bearing area of structural layered pool and lithologic oil reservoir,and the exploration of GUANTAO formation oil reservoir is given the first place. Upper part of Guantao Formation in Chengdao oil field is a fluvial sandstone with abundant oil and gas. It accounts for 76% of the proven OOIP of this formation. It is the main formation for extraction. It is recognized that this sandstone reservoir is of meandering river facies with positive rhythm , fine grained sediments mainly ; and has the characteristics of high porosity , high permeability , high oil saturation , high oil viscosity , and strong heterogeneity. The sand bodies change rapidly, and the sandstone is very loose and will have sand up inflow easily during oil production. The content of this high permeability unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs is low,and the Clay minerals content of reservoir is 10.7%. This reservoir is a typical fluvial facies deposit , loosly consolidated , with a low mineral and textural maturity , a strong heterogeneity. To the reservoir strata ,working fluids will cause stronge water sensibility,that would damage to the oil reservoir during the downhole operation. The averaging viscosity of crude of a part of productive intervals is 421mPa.s,this viscosity is high and the sand production is seriously. The maximum of pore radius of oil layers is 40.5μm and the average value is 7.7μm. At this satuation the pore is easily blocked up by the solid phase grain and milky fluid.And the block is difficultly to relieve once it is brought out. The fluid lossing could increase the water saturation of oil layers and debase the oil relative permeability.
By the situation of the geologic strata,it is need urgently to develop a kind of drilling and completion fluid to meet to the exploration of the oil-field. a good deal of the experiment research shows that to the reservoir strata of the GUANTAO formation, working fluids will cause stronge water sensibility owing to I/S , rate sensibility at some extent owing to K, and weak acid sensibility owing to Ch.The critical TSD ranges form 2000mg/l to 4000mg/l.Then a variety of oil-field chemical doses are pulsated to meet to different layers homologously.By a great deal of field simulating experiment the optimized sand control dose and oil demulsifier are selected.There are three present estimation methods of oil-gas layer lesion .They are well testing analysis method,logging nalysis method and production dynamic nalysis method.At present the international generally accepted method is the well testing analysis method,It is the only method that can estimate theextent of damage of the geologic strata quantitively.All kinds of downhole operation would influence the geologic strata because of the use of drilling fluid.The well testing is proceeded after operation to collect the parameters.It can judge the good or bad of the drilling fluid by the extent of damage of the oil layers through the parameters.By selecting the representative oil well to performance the present application effect througeh well testing analysis,it is judged the optimized formulation and its protectctive efficacy.
Though a variety of indoor experiment and present application,a new drilling fluid suiting to the geologic strata of CHENGDAO oil-field is developed,it has good sand control function,it can debase the inflation and sand production of the geologic strata and protect the oil layers.
Because this drilling fluid is based on the filter brine, above 90% raw material can use local materials,this would save the stuff charge greatly,debase the operation cost,have a quite good economy benefit and generate a fairly good value.
引文
1、Weaver G E.Possible uses of clay minerals in search for oil[J].AAPG,1960,44(9):1505—1508.
2、袁愈久等,《试井手册》,石油工业出版社,1992,7(1):40-49,583-589
3、Velde B,Clay minerals:A physico—chemical explanation of theiroccurrence[M].Elsevier,Amsterdam,1985:378—425.
4、SingerA.The paleoclimatic interpretation of clay minerals insediments—a review[J].Earth Sci Rev,1984,21:251—293.
5、李克向,《保护油气层钻井完井技术》,石油工业出版社,1993,10(1):P801-802
6、李克向.《保护油气层钻井完井技术》,石油工业出版社,1993,10(1):P806-807
7、张绍槐,罗平亚.《保护储集层技术》,石油工业出版社,1993,7(2):P432-433
1、赵福麟等,《油田化学》,石油大学出版社,2003,1(2):40-49,5-9
2.赵福麟,《采油用剂》,石油大学出版社,2001,7(1):147-151
3.赵福麟,《采油化学》,石油大学出版社,1989,5(1):173-174
4、赵福麟,《采油用剂》,石油大学出版社,2001,7(1):148-152
5、Ruiz M D.Diagenetic kaplinite/ dickite[J].Clay and CalyMineral,1993,41(5):570—579.
1、赵福麟,《采油用剂》,石油大学出版社,2001,7(3):158-166
2、张天胜等,《表面活性剂应用技术》,化学工业出版社,2003,7(7):377-378
3、[美]查里斯c.帕托,《实用水技术》,石油工业出版社,1992,4(1):123-133
1、[美]法鲁克.西维,《油层伤害-原理、模拟、评价和防治》,杨凤丽、候中昊翻译,石油工业出版社,2003,7(23):493
1、Metin karakas,S M Tarig.Semianalytical productivityModels for perforated completions[J].SPEPE,Feb1991
2、Michacl Golon,Curtis H,Whiston.well performance[M].1986
3、CinCo H,Mitter F G,Ramey H J.unsteady-state pres2sure Distrifution created by a Diertionally Drilled well[J].J PT,Nov 1975
4、袁愈久等,《试井手册》,石油工业出版社,1992,7(1):40-49,583-589
1、[美]法鲁克.西维,《油层伤害-原理、模拟、评价和防治》,杨凤丽、候中昊翻译,石油工业出版社,2003,7(23):491-492
2、袁愈久等,《试井手册》,石油工业出版社,1992,7(1):40-49,583-589
3、Velde B,Clay minerals:A physico—chemical explanation of theiroccurrence[M].Elsevier,Amsterdam,1985:378—425.
4、SingerA.The paleoclimatic interpretation of clay minerals insediments—a review[J].Earth Sci Rev,1984,21:251—293.
5、李克向,《保护油气层钻井完井技术》,石油工业出版社,1993,10(1):P801-802
6、李克向.《保护油气层钻井完井技术》,石油工业出版社,1993,10(1):P806-807
7、张绍槐,罗平亚.《保护储集层技术》,石油工业出版社,1993,7(2):P432-433
1、赵福麟等,《油田化学》,石油大学出版社,2003,1(2):40-49,5-9
2.赵福麟,《采油用剂》,石油大学出版社,2001,7(1):147-151
3.赵福麟,《采油化学》,石油大学出版社,1989,5(1):173-174
4、赵福麟,《采油用剂》,石油大学出版社,2001,7(1):148-152
5、Ruiz M D.Diagenetic kaplinite/ dickite[J].Clay and CalyMineral,1993,41(5):570—579.
1、赵福麟,《采油用剂》,石油大学出版社,2001,7(3):158-166
2、张天胜等,《表面活性剂应用技术》,化学工业出版社,2003,7(7):377-378
3、[美]查里斯c.帕托,《实用水技术》,石油工业出版社,1992,4(1):123-133
1、[美]法鲁克.西维,《油层伤害-原理、模拟、评价和防治》,杨凤丽、候中昊翻译,石油工业出版社,2003,7(23):493
1、Metin karakas,S M Tarig.Semianalytical productivityModels for perforated completions[J].SPEPE,Feb1991
2、Michacl Golon,Curtis H,Whiston.well performance[M].1986
3、CinCo H,Mitter F G,Ramey H J.unsteady-state pres2sure Distrifution created by a Diertionally Drilled well[J].J PT,Nov 1975
4、袁愈久等,《试井手册》,石油工业出版社,1992,7(1):40-49,583-589
1、[美]法鲁克.西维,《油层伤害-原理、模拟、评价和防治》,杨凤丽、候中昊翻译,石油工业出版社,2003,7(23):491-492
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