陕北地区三叠系延长组长7油层组沉积体系研究
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摘要
陕北地区延长组长7油层组是该盆地中生界油藏的主要油源,作为生油层已经有许多研究了。新的钻探表明该区长7油层组还发育良好的储层,具有形成自生自储式油藏的有利条件。论文在地质和地球物理研究的基础上,运用沉积相研究方法,以油层组为作图单元,采取优势相作图法则,编制沉积相单井柱状图和平面展布图,对陕北地区长7段岩性地层、沉积相和沉积微相以及有利的储集相带进行全面系统地研究,总结延长组长7油层组的沉积体系类型、特征及沉积相带平面展布,预测砂体展布特征,结合已发现长7油藏剖面解剖资料,分析了长7沉积体系与油藏之间的关系。取得的主要成果和认识概括为以下几方面:
详细对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组地层进行了划分和对比,识别出盆地延长组一套区域性标志层。确定了长7的湖岸线及沉积相带在平面上的展布,识别出陕北地区长7油层组主要由湖泊沉积体系和三角洲沉积体系组成。
根据古流向、轻重矿物和稀土元素富集规律,研究区长7油层组的物源主要为来自大青山方向的东北物源、阿拉善古陆的西北物源及秦岭方向的西南物源。
长7_3期,湖盆鼎盛时期。深湖线在旬邑—长武—泾川—镇原—环县—马家滩—吴起—志丹—黄龙一带,湖岸线东北部在横山—子长—延川一带;长7_2期的岩相古地理分布特征基本继承了长7_3期的格局,盆地内总体上湖水面积有减少趋势,相应的三角洲平原相带变宽;长7_1期的岩相古地理基本继承了长7_2期的格局,盆地内总体上湖水面积有比长7_2明显减少趋势,长7_1期明显的特征是浊积砂体和前缘相砂体比长7_2、7_3厚。
长7沉积体系控制了油藏的分布,早期半深湖-深湖沉积为油气成藏提供了优质烃源岩,湖盆中部浊积砂体为油气成藏提供了优质储层。
The Chang7 oil reservoir group of Yanchang Formation in northern Shaanxi area of Ordos basin is the main oil sources of the Mesozoic reservoirs of the basin. As oil-generated reservoirs, there are many researches on the reservoirs. The new drilling indicates that there are well developed reservoirs in the Chang7 oil reservoir group. They have favorable conditions to form self-generated and self-stored oil reservoirs.
On the basis of geological and geophysical studies, the lithologic formations, sedimentary facies, sedimentary microfacies and favourable reservoir facies tract of the Chang7 oil reservoir group of Northern Shaanxi area are comprehensively studied in the paper, by using sedimentary facies research methods, taking the oil reservoir group as a mapping unit; and adopting the predominant facies mapping rules to prepare the individual well histogram and planar distribution map of the sedimentary facies. The sedimentary system types, characteristics, and sedimentary facies planar distribution of the Chang7 oil reservoir group of Northern Shaanxi area are summed up in the paper. Distribution features of the sands are predicted. The relationship between Chang7 sedimentary sands and the oil reservoirs is analyzed with combination of analysis data of the discovered Chang7 oil reservoirs. And the main results achieved and understanding can be summarized as follows:
The strata of Yanchang Formation of the Ordos Basin are compartmentalized and contrasted in details. A set of regional marker beds are identified in the basin's Yanchang Formation. Lake strandline and planar distribution of Chang 7 oil reservoir group sedimentary system are confirmed. It is identified that Chang 7 oil reservoir group are composed of lake sedimentary systems and delta sedimentary systems.
Accordance with the flow orientation of the paleo-channels and the enrichment law of heavy minerals and lanthanon (rare-earth elements), the source rock of Chang7 oil reservoir group in the study area is mainly from the northeast Daqingshan sources, the northwest Alxa paleo-land sources, and the southwest Qinling Mountains sources.
The Chang7_3 Age was the peak period for the lake basin. The deep lake lines are in Xunyi - Changwu - Jingchuan - Zhenyuan - Huanxian - Majiatan - Wuqi - Zhidan -Huanglong area; the northeast Lakeshore line is in the Hengshan - Zichang -Yanchuan area. Petrofacies palaeogeographical distribution features of the Chang72 Age are basically in succession of the pattern of Chang7_3 Age. The lake water area in the basin had an overall declining trend. The corresponding delta plain facies tract was widened; The petrofacies palaeogeography of the Chang7_1 Age are basically in succession of the pattern of Chang7_2 Age. As a whole the lake water area in the basin had an obviously decreasing trend compared with that of Chang7_2 Age. The obvious feature of Chang7_1 Age is that the turbidite sands and front facies sands are thicker than those of Chang7_2 and Chang7_3 Ages.
The Chang7 sedimentary system controls the distribution of the oil reservoirs. Early semideep lake - deep lake sediments supply the reservoir-forming with quality source rocks; the turbidite sands in the central lake provide quality reservoirs for oil and gas reservoir-forming.
详细对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组地层进行了划分和对比,识别出盆地延长组一套区域性标志层。确定了长7的湖岸线及沉积相带在平面上的展布,识别出陕北地区长7油层组主要由湖泊沉积体系和三角洲沉积体系组成。
根据古流向、轻重矿物和稀土元素富集规律,研究区长7油层组的物源主要为来自大青山方向的东北物源、阿拉善古陆的西北物源及秦岭方向的西南物源。
长7_3期,湖盆鼎盛时期。深湖线在旬邑—长武—泾川—镇原—环县—马家滩—吴起—志丹—黄龙一带,湖岸线东北部在横山—子长—延川一带;长7_2期的岩相古地理分布特征基本继承了长7_3期的格局,盆地内总体上湖水面积有减少趋势,相应的三角洲平原相带变宽;长7_1期的岩相古地理基本继承了长7_2期的格局,盆地内总体上湖水面积有比长7_2明显减少趋势,长7_1期明显的特征是浊积砂体和前缘相砂体比长7_2、7_3厚。
长7沉积体系控制了油藏的分布,早期半深湖-深湖沉积为油气成藏提供了优质烃源岩,湖盆中部浊积砂体为油气成藏提供了优质储层。
The Chang7 oil reservoir group of Yanchang Formation in northern Shaanxi area of Ordos basin is the main oil sources of the Mesozoic reservoirs of the basin. As oil-generated reservoirs, there are many researches on the reservoirs. The new drilling indicates that there are well developed reservoirs in the Chang7 oil reservoir group. They have favorable conditions to form self-generated and self-stored oil reservoirs.
On the basis of geological and geophysical studies, the lithologic formations, sedimentary facies, sedimentary microfacies and favourable reservoir facies tract of the Chang7 oil reservoir group of Northern Shaanxi area are comprehensively studied in the paper, by using sedimentary facies research methods, taking the oil reservoir group as a mapping unit; and adopting the predominant facies mapping rules to prepare the individual well histogram and planar distribution map of the sedimentary facies. The sedimentary system types, characteristics, and sedimentary facies planar distribution of the Chang7 oil reservoir group of Northern Shaanxi area are summed up in the paper. Distribution features of the sands are predicted. The relationship between Chang7 sedimentary sands and the oil reservoirs is analyzed with combination of analysis data of the discovered Chang7 oil reservoirs. And the main results achieved and understanding can be summarized as follows:
The strata of Yanchang Formation of the Ordos Basin are compartmentalized and contrasted in details. A set of regional marker beds are identified in the basin's Yanchang Formation. Lake strandline and planar distribution of Chang 7 oil reservoir group sedimentary system are confirmed. It is identified that Chang 7 oil reservoir group are composed of lake sedimentary systems and delta sedimentary systems.
Accordance with the flow orientation of the paleo-channels and the enrichment law of heavy minerals and lanthanon (rare-earth elements), the source rock of Chang7 oil reservoir group in the study area is mainly from the northeast Daqingshan sources, the northwest Alxa paleo-land sources, and the southwest Qinling Mountains sources.
The Chang7_3 Age was the peak period for the lake basin. The deep lake lines are in Xunyi - Changwu - Jingchuan - Zhenyuan - Huanxian - Majiatan - Wuqi - Zhidan -Huanglong area; the northeast Lakeshore line is in the Hengshan - Zichang -Yanchuan area. Petrofacies palaeogeographical distribution features of the Chang72 Age are basically in succession of the pattern of Chang7_3 Age. The lake water area in the basin had an overall declining trend. The corresponding delta plain facies tract was widened; The petrofacies palaeogeography of the Chang7_1 Age are basically in succession of the pattern of Chang7_2 Age. As a whole the lake water area in the basin had an obviously decreasing trend compared with that of Chang7_2 Age. The obvious feature of Chang7_1 Age is that the turbidite sands and front facies sands are thicker than those of Chang7_2 and Chang7_3 Ages.
The Chang7 sedimentary system controls the distribution of the oil reservoirs. Early semideep lake - deep lake sediments supply the reservoir-forming with quality source rocks; the turbidite sands in the central lake provide quality reservoirs for oil and gas reservoir-forming.
引文
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2.王英华.沉积学及岩相古地理学新进展.北京:石油工业出版社,1995
3.冯增昭等.中国沉积学.北京:石油工业出版社,1994
4.胡见义,黄第藩等.中国陆相石油地质理论基础.北京:石油工业出版社,1991
5.顾家裕,张兴阳.油气沉积学发展回顾和应用现状.沉积学报,2003,21(1):137-141
6.于兴河,郑秀娟.沉积学的发展历程与未来展望.地球科学进展,2004,19(2):173-182
7.孙枢.中国沉积学的今后发展:若干思考与建议.地学前缘,2005,12(2):3-10
8.周鼎武,李文厚,张云翔等.区域地质综合研究的方法与实践.北京:科学出版社,2002
9.孙肇才,谢秋元,杨俊杰.鄂尔多斯盆地--一个不稳定克拉通内部叠合盆地的典型,朱夏、徐旺主编中国中新生代沉积盆地.北京:石油工业出版社,1990
10.赵重远主编.含油气盆地地质学进展.西安:西北大学出版社,1993
11.冯增昭等.中下扬子地区二叠纪岩相古地理.北京:地质出版社,1991
12.郭忠铭,张军,于忠平.鄂尔多斯地块油区构造演化特征.石油勘探与开发,1994,21(2):22-29
13.任战利.鄂尔多斯岔地热演化史与油气关系研究.石油学报,1996,17(1):17-24
14.赵重远.鄂尔多斯地块西缘构造单位划分及构造展布格局和形成机制.见:杨俊杰主编.鄂尔多斯盆地西缘掩冲带构造与油气.兰州:甘肃科学技术出版社,1990
15.郭忠铭,张军.从逆冲推覆构造特征讨论鄂尔多斯西缘的油气远景.石油学报,1989,10(2):34-41
16.西安地质矿产研究所.西北地区矿产资源找矿潜力.北京:地质出版社,2006
17.Joshi S D.Augmentation of well productivity with slant and horizontal wells.SPE 15375,1988
18.卢进才,李玉宏,魏仙样等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7油层组油页岩沉积环境与资源潜力研究.吉林大学学报(自然科学版),2006,36(6):928-932
19.刘立,王东坡.湖相油页岩的沉积环境及其层序地层学意义.石油实验地质,1996,18(3):311-316
20.武汉地质学院煤田教研室.煤田地质学.北京:地质出版社,1979
21.卢进才,李玉宏,魏仙样等.西北地区油页岩形成条件及找矿方向.西北地质,2006,39(4):57-64
22.R.C.Selley,An Introduction to Sedimentology,Aca-demic Press,London,1976
23.Kuenen Ph H,Menard H W.1952.Turbidity currents,goaded(sic)and nongraded deposits,lout.Sedimentary Petrrakagy,22(1):83-96
24.Middleton,G.V.,Hampton,M.A.1973.Sediment gravity flow:Mechanics of flow and deposition,In:Middleton,G.V.and Bouma,A.H.eds.Turbidite and deep water sedimentation,Anaheim:SEPM Pacific Sec.Short Course Notes:1-38
25.Noemark,W.R.,1978.Fan Valleys,Channels and depositional lobes on modem submarine fans:characters for recognition of sandy turbidity environments,AAPG:62(6)912-937
26.Walker,R.G..1978.Deep Water sandstone facies and ancient submarine fan:Models for exploration for stratigraphic traps.AAPG.:62(6):932-966
27.Bouma,A.H.,G H Lee,O Van Antwerpenetal.1995.Channel complex architecture of fine grained submarine fans at the base of slope.Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions.45:65-70
28.李文厚,邵磊,魏红红等.西北地区湖相浊流沉积.西北大学学报(自然科学版),2001,31(1):57-62
29.陈全红,李文厚,高永祥等.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组深湖沉积与油气聚集意义.中国科学,2007,37(增刊Ⅰ):39-48
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