我国农业环境灾害的经济损失评估
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摘要
二十世纪八十年代以来,随着我国社会经济的飞速发展,我国的农业环境灾害问题日趋严重,包括农业环境污染灾害和农业生态环境破坏灾害,灾种越来越多、分布越来越广、程度越来越重、造成损失越来越大。农业环境灾害对农业生产和人民生活造成了不利影响,损害社会福利并且阻碍经济可持续发展。
为了应对农业环境灾害的挑战,需要制定各种防灾减灾、灾害补偿的对策,并且使群众和相关决策部门提高对农业环境灾害的认识。而这首先需要从定量化、货币化水平上把握各个地区已经发生的农业环境灾害所造成的社会经济损失,这就需要进行农业环境灾害的经济损失评估。目前我国对农业环境灾害经济损失评估的研究并不多,已有的研究也是对个别灾种的分别研究,并没有系统、全面的对农业环境灾害的经济损失进行评估,这极不符合我国实现农业及农村社会、经济与环境可持续发展道路的需要。
本文首先回顾与汇总了国内外环境经济损失评估的已有研究及其不足,陈述了农业环境灾害经济损失评估的经济学理论基础。接着对我国农业环境灾害的现状与危害、本文中用到的灾害经济损失评估的主要方法进行总结。接下来在提出农业环境灾害经济损失评估原则的基础上,初步构建我国农业环境灾害经济损失评估的指标体系,并且引用、改进、建立和探索我国农业环境灾害经济损失评估的具体模型方法,然后初步设计我国农业环境灾害经济损失评估的程序(流程)。最后以2005年我国农业环境灾害的经济损失做实证分析,检验所建立的评估体系和评估方法,得出2005年我国农业环境灾害的经济损失总值为2473.99亿元,占2005年全国农林牧渔业总产值39451亿元的6.27%,占2005年全国GDP总值182321亿元的1.36%。其中农业环境污染损失值为1126.61亿元,农业生态环境破坏损失值为1347.38亿元,并对评估结果进行总结和分析。最后对本文的研究成果、存在问题与不足进行总结,并对今后的研究方向进行展望。
Along with our country's swift socio-economic development, China's agricultural environment disaster question is getting increasingly serious Since the 1980s, including the agriculture environmental pollution disaster and the agriculture ecological environment destruction disaster. There are more and more kinds of disasters, and the distribution is getting more and more broader, and the degree is getting more and more heavier, to cause the losses to be getting bigger and bigger. The agricultural environment disaster has had the adverse effect to the agricultural production and the lives of the people, the harm social welfare, and hinders the economic development. In order to deal with the agricultural environment disaster's, we need to formulate each kind of disaster prevention, and disaster compensation measures, to reduce the disasters. This requires, first and from the quantitative monetary grasp on the level of the various regions that have occurred agricultural environmental disasters caused by the socio-economic loss, which requires agricultural environmental disasters assessment of the economic losses, raising people's awareness of disaster. At present there are not many to the agricultural environment disaster economic loss's research in our country, the existing research is also the distinction research which plants to the individual disaster. There is no systematic, comprehensively research to carry on the appraisal to the agricultural environment disaster's economic loss. This does not conform to our country to realize agricultural and the rural community, the economical and the environment sustainable development path's need extremely.
In this paper, the author reviewed with compiles in the domestic and foreign environment economic loss appraisal methods. Then Point out the inadequate and the insufficiency representation of the agricultural environmental disaster's assessment. After that, the author summarizes the economic theory foundation of the agricultural environment disaster economic loss appraisal. Then the author summarizes our country agriculture environment disaster's present situation and the harm, and the disaster economic loss appraisal's main method carries on the summary. Then in proposed that the agricultural environment disaster economic loss appraisal's function and in the appraisal principle's foundation, constructs our country agriculture environment disaster economic loss appraisal initially the indicator system, and quotes, the improvement, to establish and to explore our country agriculture environment disaster economic loss appraisal the concrete model method, then preliminary design our country agriculture environment disaster economic loss appraisal procedure (flow). After that, the author makes the empirical analysis of our country agriculture environment disaster's economic loss by the present situation of year 2005. The goal is test and evaluate the front establishes of the establishment appraisal system and the appraisal method through the materials and dates of year 2005. Obtains in 2005 year our country agriculture environment disaster's economic loss resultant is 2473.99 Hundred million Yuan, accounted in the past of the nation agricultural production resultant is 39451 Hundred million Yuan's 6.27% , and accounted in the past of the nation GDP resultant is 182321 Hundred million Yuan's 1.36%, in which the agricultural environmental pollution loss is 1126.61 Hundred million Yuan, and the agricultural ecological environment destruction loss is 1347.38 Hundred million Yuan. At the end of this paper, the author summarizes the research results of this article, and the existence question, then the author carrys on the forecast to present's research direction.
为了应对农业环境灾害的挑战,需要制定各种防灾减灾、灾害补偿的对策,并且使群众和相关决策部门提高对农业环境灾害的认识。而这首先需要从定量化、货币化水平上把握各个地区已经发生的农业环境灾害所造成的社会经济损失,这就需要进行农业环境灾害的经济损失评估。目前我国对农业环境灾害经济损失评估的研究并不多,已有的研究也是对个别灾种的分别研究,并没有系统、全面的对农业环境灾害的经济损失进行评估,这极不符合我国实现农业及农村社会、经济与环境可持续发展道路的需要。
本文首先回顾与汇总了国内外环境经济损失评估的已有研究及其不足,陈述了农业环境灾害经济损失评估的经济学理论基础。接着对我国农业环境灾害的现状与危害、本文中用到的灾害经济损失评估的主要方法进行总结。接下来在提出农业环境灾害经济损失评估原则的基础上,初步构建我国农业环境灾害经济损失评估的指标体系,并且引用、改进、建立和探索我国农业环境灾害经济损失评估的具体模型方法,然后初步设计我国农业环境灾害经济损失评估的程序(流程)。最后以2005年我国农业环境灾害的经济损失做实证分析,检验所建立的评估体系和评估方法,得出2005年我国农业环境灾害的经济损失总值为2473.99亿元,占2005年全国农林牧渔业总产值39451亿元的6.27%,占2005年全国GDP总值182321亿元的1.36%。其中农业环境污染损失值为1126.61亿元,农业生态环境破坏损失值为1347.38亿元,并对评估结果进行总结和分析。最后对本文的研究成果、存在问题与不足进行总结,并对今后的研究方向进行展望。
Along with our country's swift socio-economic development, China's agricultural environment disaster question is getting increasingly serious Since the 1980s, including the agriculture environmental pollution disaster and the agriculture ecological environment destruction disaster. There are more and more kinds of disasters, and the distribution is getting more and more broader, and the degree is getting more and more heavier, to cause the losses to be getting bigger and bigger. The agricultural environment disaster has had the adverse effect to the agricultural production and the lives of the people, the harm social welfare, and hinders the economic development. In order to deal with the agricultural environment disaster's, we need to formulate each kind of disaster prevention, and disaster compensation measures, to reduce the disasters. This requires, first and from the quantitative monetary grasp on the level of the various regions that have occurred agricultural environmental disasters caused by the socio-economic loss, which requires agricultural environmental disasters assessment of the economic losses, raising people's awareness of disaster. At present there are not many to the agricultural environment disaster economic loss's research in our country, the existing research is also the distinction research which plants to the individual disaster. There is no systematic, comprehensively research to carry on the appraisal to the agricultural environment disaster's economic loss. This does not conform to our country to realize agricultural and the rural community, the economical and the environment sustainable development path's need extremely.
In this paper, the author reviewed with compiles in the domestic and foreign environment economic loss appraisal methods. Then Point out the inadequate and the insufficiency representation of the agricultural environmental disaster's assessment. After that, the author summarizes the economic theory foundation of the agricultural environment disaster economic loss appraisal. Then the author summarizes our country agriculture environment disaster's present situation and the harm, and the disaster economic loss appraisal's main method carries on the summary. Then in proposed that the agricultural environment disaster economic loss appraisal's function and in the appraisal principle's foundation, constructs our country agriculture environment disaster economic loss appraisal initially the indicator system, and quotes, the improvement, to establish and to explore our country agriculture environment disaster economic loss appraisal the concrete model method, then preliminary design our country agriculture environment disaster economic loss appraisal procedure (flow). After that, the author makes the empirical analysis of our country agriculture environment disaster's economic loss by the present situation of year 2005. The goal is test and evaluate the front establishes of the establishment appraisal system and the appraisal method through the materials and dates of year 2005. Obtains in 2005 year our country agriculture environment disaster's economic loss resultant is 2473.99 Hundred million Yuan, accounted in the past of the nation agricultural production resultant is 39451 Hundred million Yuan's 6.27% , and accounted in the past of the nation GDP resultant is 182321 Hundred million Yuan's 1.36%, in which the agricultural environmental pollution loss is 1126.61 Hundred million Yuan, and the agricultural ecological environment destruction loss is 1347.38 Hundred million Yuan. At the end of this paper, the author summarizes the research results of this article, and the existence question, then the author carrys on the forecast to present's research direction.
引文
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25 同上(脚注25)
26 注:由于中国物价年鉴中没有关于氮肥的物价统计,而尿素是氮肥量主要的品种之一,故本文用2006年中国物价年鉴中尿素的全年平均零售价格代表氮肥的价格进行估算。
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36 由于中国物价年鉴中没有硫酸铵化肥的全年平均零售价,因此参照李瑞俊文中P20页硫酸铵化肥的价格。
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3 宋修权.农村环境污染状况调查及防冶对策[J].科技咨询,2007,(17):136
4 姜晓燕,董杰,曲士海.农业环境污染调查及综合治理研究[J].当代生态农业,2004,(1):27-29
5 于伟.土地退化的经济学分析及对策研究[D].浙江大学博士学位论文,2001:P53
6 吕晓男,孟赐福,麻万诸,陈晓佳.农用化学品及废弃物对土壤环境与食物安全的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(4):150-153
7 农业部.农业环境监测报告制度(1991年7月3日[1991]农[环能]字第4号)
8 熊晓姣等.国内外水土流失与土壤退化现状及特点分析[J].湖北林业科技,2006,(4):41-44
9 邢永强,郭新华.土地荒漠化的现状及对策[J].河南国土资源,2006,(6):26
10 徐中民,程国栋,王根绪.生态环境损失价值计算初步研究——以张掖地区为例[J].地球科学进展,1999,14(5):498-503
11 注:此概念是根据郑功成.灾害经济学[M].湖南:湖南人民出版社,1998:P9页内容整理得出。
12 厉以宁,章铮.环境环济学[M].北京:中国计划出版社,1995:P126
13 《可持续发展指标体系》课题组.中国城市环境可持续发展指标体系研究手册[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1999:P68
14 许信旺.环境灾害经济损失估算方法实例[J].安庆师范学院学报(自然科学版),1998,4(4):48-51
15 冯煌.榆林市土地退化机理及经济损失动态评价研究[D].陕西师范大学硕士学位论文,2007:P35-37
16 李贵春.农用退化价值损失评估研究[D].中国农业科学院硕士学位论文,2007:P34
17 数据来源:http://www.mep.gov.cn/natu/yjsp/qgtrxzdc/200607/t20060720_91677.htm
18 过孝民,张慧勤,李平.我国环境污染造成的经济损失估算[J].中国环境科学,1990,10(10):51-59.
19 吴迪梅等.河北省污水灌溉农业环境污染经济损失评估[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(2):176-179
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21 郑易生,钱薏红,王世汶.中国环境污染经济损失估算:1993年[J].生态经济,1997,(6):6-14.
22 阮俊华.区域环境污染经济损失评估[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2001:P26-29
23 颜夕生.江苏省农业环境污染造成的经济损失估算[J].农业环境保护,1993,12(4):158-160,173
24 吕晓男等.农用化学品及废弃物对土壤环境与食物安全的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(4):150-153
25 同上(脚注25)
26 注:由于中国物价年鉴中没有关于氮肥的物价统计,而尿素是氮肥量主要的品种之一,故本文用2006年中国物价年鉴中尿素的全年平均零售价格代表氮肥的价格进行估算。
27 严吕荣等.农用地膜残留污染的现状与防治[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(11):269-272
28 周安国,陈德全,吕菲菲.浙江省大气污染造成的经济损失初步估算[J].环境污染与防治,1998,20(6):36-38
29 阮俊华.区域环境污染经济损失评估[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2001:P21
30 Ning Datong.An assessment of the economic losses resulting from vatious forms of environment degradation in China-the economic cost of China's environmental degradation.Project on Environment Scarcities,State capacity,and civil violence,1998.
31 数据来源:http://www.17lands.com/html/63 2163-151.html
32 杨俊杰.荒漠化灾害经济损失及防沙治沙工程效益计估[D].北京林业大学硕士学位论文,2006:P70
33 杨俊杰.荒漠化灾害经济损失及防沙治沙工程效益计估[D].北京林业大学硕士学位论文,2006:P72
34 数据来源:http://www.sannong.gov.cn/fxve/ncjjfx/200604240107.htm
35 李瑞俊.山东沂沭泗流域土壤侵蚀经济损失评估及对策研究[D].山东师范大学硕士学位论文,2005:P20
36 由于中国物价年鉴中没有硫酸铵化肥的全年平均零售价,因此参照李瑞俊文中P20页硫酸铵化肥的价格。
37 李贵春.农田退化价值损失评估研究[D].中国农业科学院硕士学位论文,2007:P38
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