盐淡水交汇水域盐水楔运动规律及其对电厂温排水影响的试验研究
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摘要
河口附近水域在一定条件下会出现不同程度海水与河水分层现象,海水在表层淡水下呈楔状沿河底向上游推进,直接影响到了两岸城市的工业用水。随着电力发展需要,许多火/核电厂位于河口地区,若采用表面冷却方式,将向环境水域排放较大废热,其在水域中的运动规律不同程度的会受到盐淡水分层的影响,该课题的研究是具有重要的学术价值和实用价值。
本文通过物理模型试验,研究恒定流情况下盐淡水交汇水域盐水楔的运动规律,同时结合电厂冷却水工程实际,针对表排深取的工程布置形式分析盐淡水分层对温排放水力热力特性的影响。研究内容主要包括:
(1)进行了大量的文献查阅,对盐淡水交汇水域特性有了较全面的了解,通过物理模型试验作了进一步的探索。
(2)进行了模型的设计、加工、仪器设备安装和调试工作。测试了上游来流、水深和外海盐度等参数变化的各种情况下盐度和温度空间分布,获得了大量的实测数据。
(3)研究了恒定情况下盐淡水交汇水域盐度分布与上游淡水径流量、下游水深和海水盐度的相互关系,测试各种组合情况下的盐度分布,分析了盐水入侵长度的变化规律。
(4)分析了盐度梯度对冷热水掺混、热量运输和温升分布的影响。
(5)研究结果显示,盐水分层强度随着外海盐水浓度和水深的增加而增加,随着淡水径流量的增加而减小。同时由于温排水盐度的增加,不同程度减弱了冷热水密度差引起的浮力效应,视情况不同热水层可出现在上层、中层或底层。
The estuary waters nearly under certain conditions will appear in varying degrees layered phenomenon, The sea water under the surface of fresh water along the river promote to upstream. Showing a wedge-shaped , this phenomenon direct impact on the city's industrial water.
With the development of electric power needs, many of the fire / nuclear power plants locate in the estuary region. The use of surface cooling will emission greater waste heat into the water environment. In the waters ,flow motion law will be impacted by layered salt and fresh in different degree. The research is of great academic value and industrial application.
Through physical model testing, study on saltwater wedge motion law in fresh and salt water mixing area. Combined with the cooling circulation water engineering by power station and its arrangement of surfer discharge and deep intake, this paper analysis the layered of salt and fresh water impact on heated discharge. Key elements include:
(1) Looking up a lot of literature, documentation available, the intersection of fresh water to salt water of a more comprehensive understanding of the physical model test through further exploration.
(2) Completed model of the design, processing and equipment installation and commissioning work. Test salinity and temperature distribution changes with various upstream flow, depth and initial salinity changes. Access to large numbers of measured data.
(3) On a constant flow of fresh water under the intersection of salt water salinity and the distribution of upstream freshwater runoff and downstream water depth and salinity of sea water of mutual relations, testing the salinity of the distribution of saline at various combinations. Analysis of the saline intrusion of the changes in law.
(4) Analysis the Impact of heat dilution, transform and temperature distribution with Salinity gradients.
(5) The results showed that layered degree of salt and fresh water increases with the nitial salinity or the water depth increases, decreases with the freshwater runoff increases. At the same time, buoyancy effect caused by cold and hot water density weakened in some degree due to increased depth of the drip, so hot water layer may appear at the bottom.
本文通过物理模型试验,研究恒定流情况下盐淡水交汇水域盐水楔的运动规律,同时结合电厂冷却水工程实际,针对表排深取的工程布置形式分析盐淡水分层对温排放水力热力特性的影响。研究内容主要包括:
(1)进行了大量的文献查阅,对盐淡水交汇水域特性有了较全面的了解,通过物理模型试验作了进一步的探索。
(2)进行了模型的设计、加工、仪器设备安装和调试工作。测试了上游来流、水深和外海盐度等参数变化的各种情况下盐度和温度空间分布,获得了大量的实测数据。
(3)研究了恒定情况下盐淡水交汇水域盐度分布与上游淡水径流量、下游水深和海水盐度的相互关系,测试各种组合情况下的盐度分布,分析了盐水入侵长度的变化规律。
(4)分析了盐度梯度对冷热水掺混、热量运输和温升分布的影响。
(5)研究结果显示,盐水分层强度随着外海盐水浓度和水深的增加而增加,随着淡水径流量的增加而减小。同时由于温排水盐度的增加,不同程度减弱了冷热水密度差引起的浮力效应,视情况不同热水层可出现在上层、中层或底层。
The estuary waters nearly under certain conditions will appear in varying degrees layered phenomenon, The sea water under the surface of fresh water along the river promote to upstream. Showing a wedge-shaped , this phenomenon direct impact on the city's industrial water.
With the development of electric power needs, many of the fire / nuclear power plants locate in the estuary region. The use of surface cooling will emission greater waste heat into the water environment. In the waters ,flow motion law will be impacted by layered salt and fresh in different degree. The research is of great academic value and industrial application.
Through physical model testing, study on saltwater wedge motion law in fresh and salt water mixing area. Combined with the cooling circulation water engineering by power station and its arrangement of surfer discharge and deep intake, this paper analysis the layered of salt and fresh water impact on heated discharge. Key elements include:
(1) Looking up a lot of literature, documentation available, the intersection of fresh water to salt water of a more comprehensive understanding of the physical model test through further exploration.
(2) Completed model of the design, processing and equipment installation and commissioning work. Test salinity and temperature distribution changes with various upstream flow, depth and initial salinity changes. Access to large numbers of measured data.
(3) On a constant flow of fresh water under the intersection of salt water salinity and the distribution of upstream freshwater runoff and downstream water depth and salinity of sea water of mutual relations, testing the salinity of the distribution of saline at various combinations. Analysis of the saline intrusion of the changes in law.
(4) Analysis the Impact of heat dilution, transform and temperature distribution with Salinity gradients.
(5) The results showed that layered degree of salt and fresh water increases with the nitial salinity or the water depth increases, decreases with the freshwater runoff increases. At the same time, buoyancy effect caused by cold and hot water density weakened in some degree due to increased depth of the drip, so hot water layer may appear at the bottom.
引文
[1]薛禹群,谢春红,吴吉春,海水入侵研究[J].水文地质工程地质,1992,19(6),29-33
[2]王秉忱,海(咸)水入侵与地下水资源管理问题的国内外研究现状[A],地下水开发利用与管理[C],成都:电子科技大学出版社,1995,p30-32
[3]Mao Zhichang,Shen Huanting,Study on type of saltwater intrusion for tidal branching estuaries—a case study on the[J].Journal of East China Normal University,1995,(3),p77-85
[4]吴辉;长江河口盐水入侵研究,华东师范大学,2006
[5]Meade R H,Relation between suspended matter and salinity in estuaries if the Atlantic seabord.USA:internat Assoc SciHydrology,1967,(4),p96-109
[6]Meade R H Transport and deposition of sediments in estuaries,Mem Geol Soc Am,1972,(133),p91-119
[5]Sholkovitz E R,Floccutation of dissolved organic and inorganic matter daring the mixing of river water and sea water,Geachimica et Cosmochimica,1976,(40),p831-845
[8]Krranck K.Sediment deposition flocculated suspensions,Sedimentology,1975,(22),p111-123
[9]Krranck K.Particulate matter frain-size characterisites and flocculation in a partially mixed estuary,Sedimentology,1981,(6),1p07-114
[10]Brien,M.P.eherno,J.Model,law formotion of salt water Trans.,ASCE.,1934,Vol.99,P576-594,
[11]Kelegan,G.H.modellwasfordensityeurrents,lstprog Bureauof Stnadards APril,1946
[12]Kelegan,G.H.,model law sfordensit yeurrents,3rdprog BureauofStandars.
[13]Kelegan,G.H.model law sfordensit yeurrents,sthprogressr model sindensityeurrent Phenomena,U.5.Bureauof Standards,2
[14]ppen,A.T.,Salinity intrusion inestuary,Estuaryand Coas Hydrodynamies,MograwhillBook,ChaPterl3,1966.
[15]Harleman,D.R.F.,Diffusion proeessesin stratified flow,Es Coastline Hydrodynmaies,MograwhlllBook,ChaPterlZ,1966
[16]Caillet,J—M.,Effeet of salinityon deposit distribution ehannels,International Confereneeon Coastaland PortEngineeri
[17]尹泽生,林文盘,杨小军.海水入侵研究的现状与问题[9],地理研究,1991,10(3),p78-85
[18]蔡祖煌,马凤山.海水入侵的基本理论及其在入侵发展预测中的应用[J],中国地质灾害与防治学报,1996,7(3),p1-9
[19]Custodio,E,咸水入侵[A],国际水文地质学家协会&2届大会论文集[C],北京,地质出版社,1987
[20]李国敏,陈崇希,海水入侵研究现状与展望[J],地学前缘,1963,3(1,2),p161-167
[21]尹泽生,林文盘,杨小军,海水入侵研究的现状与问题,地理研究,1991,10(3),p78-85
[22]Moor Y H,Stoessell R K,Easley D H.Fresh-water/sea-water relationship within a groundwater flow system,northeastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula[J].Ground Water,1992,30(3),p343-350
[23]Pinder G H.A numerical technique for calculation the transient position of the saltwater [J].waterResources Research,1970,6(4),875-883
[24]Lee C H,cheng R S T.On seawater encroachment in coastal aquifers[J].water Research,1974,10(5),p1039-1043
[25]Segol G,Pinder G F,Gray W G.A Gale kin finite element technique for calculating the transient position if the saltwater front[J].Water Resources Research,1975,11(2),p343-347
[26]Seagol G,Pinder G F.Transient simulation of saltwater intrusion in southeastern Florida[J].Water Resources Research,1976,12(1),p65-70
[27]Huyakorn P S,Anderson P E,Mercer J W,et al.Saltwater intrusion in aquifers,development and testing of a three-dimensional finite element moderl[J].Water Resources Research 1987,23(2),p293-312.
[28]马凤山,蔡祖煌,等(海水入侵机理及其防治措施[J],中国地质灾害与防治学报,1997,8(4),p16-22
[29]韩乃斌,长江口咸水入侵分析,长江口航道治理研究,1981,第一集。
[30]徐君亮等,伶仃洋的盐水入侵及盐水楔的运动规律,热带地理,1981,p36-34
[31]应秩甫等,珠江口伶仃洋咸淡水混合特征,海洋学报,1983,(5),p1-10
[32]吴吉春,薛禹群,,海水入侵过程中水-岩间的阳离子交换[J],水文地质工程地质,1996,(3),p18-19
[33]成建梅,陈崇希,山东烟台夹河中下游地区海水入侵三维水质数值模拟研究[J],地学前缘2001,8(1),p179-184
[34]陈惠泉,冷却水运动模型相似性的原理和实践,水科院研究报告,1974
[35]陈惠泉,陈燕茹,张玉孔,冷却池模型相似几何变态问题的研究水科院报告,1988
[36]陈惠泉,冷却水运动模型相似性的研究,水利学报,1988,(11),p1-9
[37]陈惠泉,考虑冰冻效应的冷却水模型相似性问题,水科院研究报告,1983
[38]水面蒸发与散热公式研究。湖泊科学,1994,6(3),p201-210.
[39]李瑞生,柴方昆,冷却水工程物理模型试验中的变态和正态问题。水利科学,第5期,1989年,p22-29
[40]陈惠泉,水力热力模型的几何变态和分类。水利学报,第3期,1993年,p18-23.
[41]李瑞生、马莉青,冷却水物理模型的变态影响及其修正。全国水动力学及水工水力学学术讨论会论文集,新疆农学院,1995年,p505-519.
[42]Tian,xiaodong,Roberts,Philip J.W,A 3D LIF system for turbulent buoyant jet flows,Experiments in Fluids,2003,35(6),p636-647
[43]林佑金,陆耀辉,惠州LNG电厂循环冷却水工程模型试验研究,人民珠江,2001
[44]付宁,宋文彬,水工物理模型和数字模型在水工设计中的应用分析,黑龙江水利科技,2004
[45]童中山、应新亚、钱炳法,黄骅电厂取水河段取水特性的数模与物模研究,海洋工程,1997
[46]倪浩清,周力行等,明渠温差异重流湍浮力流的数学模型,中国科学.A辑,30(4),1987,p437-448
[47]周雪漪,阳坤,李玉梁,陈永灿,各向异性湍浮力模型在潮流底部排放计算中的应用,清华大学学报,1998,38(11),p91-94
[48]Huai Wenxin,Three-dimensional numerical simulation of multiple jets in shallow flowing receving waters,Joumal if Hydrodynamics,2000,12(3),p19-18
[49]郝瑞霞,周力行,陈惠泉,冷却水工程中湍浮力射流的三维数值模拟,水动力学研 究与进展,1999,14(4),p484-491
[50 Larson,Magnus,Jonsson,Lennart,Modeling of mixing by turbulent in stably stratified fluid,journal of Hydraulic Engineering,121(12),p853-862
[51]Han H.L,Li W.,Numerical prediction of line buoyant jets in cross flows,Journal of Hydrodynamics 2001,13(1),p12-16
[52]吴江航,陈凯麒,核电站冷却水远去热、核污染数值计算的一种新方法,水利学报,1986,(12)
[53]Zengping,Chen Huiquan,etc.al,Transport of Waste Heat from a Numerical Power Plant into Coastal Waster,international journal of Coastal Engineering,2002.44,p301-319
[54]Kolluru,Venkat S.;Buchak,Edward M.,Three-dimensional thermal modeling of the RasGas cooling water outfall,Estuarine and Coastal Modeling,Proceedings of the Seventh international Conference,2001,p896-912
[55]Jiang J.,Fissel,D.B.,Modeling cooling water discharges from the Burrard Generating Station,BC Canada,Oceans Conference Record(IEEE),3,p1515-1521
[56]郝瑞霞,韩新生,潮汐水域电厂温排水的水流和热传输准三维数值模拟,水利学报,2004,(8),p66-70
[2]王秉忱,海(咸)水入侵与地下水资源管理问题的国内外研究现状[A],地下水开发利用与管理[C],成都:电子科技大学出版社,1995,p30-32
[3]Mao Zhichang,Shen Huanting,Study on type of saltwater intrusion for tidal branching estuaries—a case study on the[J].Journal of East China Normal University,1995,(3),p77-85
[4]吴辉;长江河口盐水入侵研究,华东师范大学,2006
[5]Meade R H,Relation between suspended matter and salinity in estuaries if the Atlantic seabord.USA:internat Assoc SciHydrology,1967,(4),p96-109
[6]Meade R H Transport and deposition of sediments in estuaries,Mem Geol Soc Am,1972,(133),p91-119
[5]Sholkovitz E R,Floccutation of dissolved organic and inorganic matter daring the mixing of river water and sea water,Geachimica et Cosmochimica,1976,(40),p831-845
[8]Krranck K.Sediment deposition flocculated suspensions,Sedimentology,1975,(22),p111-123
[9]Krranck K.Particulate matter frain-size characterisites and flocculation in a partially mixed estuary,Sedimentology,1981,(6),1p07-114
[10]Brien,M.P.eherno,J.Model,law formotion of salt water Trans.,ASCE.,1934,Vol.99,P576-594,
[11]Kelegan,G.H.modellwasfordensityeurrents,lstprog Bureauof Stnadards APril,1946
[12]Kelegan,G.H.,model law sfordensit yeurrents,3rdprog BureauofStandars.
[13]Kelegan,G.H.model law sfordensit yeurrents,sthprogressr model sindensityeurrent Phenomena,U.5.Bureauof Standards,2
[14]ppen,A.T.,Salinity intrusion inestuary,Estuaryand Coas Hydrodynamies,MograwhillBook,ChaPterl3,1966.
[15]Harleman,D.R.F.,Diffusion proeessesin stratified flow,Es Coastline Hydrodynmaies,MograwhlllBook,ChaPterlZ,1966
[16]Caillet,J—M.,Effeet of salinityon deposit distribution ehannels,International Confereneeon Coastaland PortEngineeri
[17]尹泽生,林文盘,杨小军.海水入侵研究的现状与问题[9],地理研究,1991,10(3),p78-85
[18]蔡祖煌,马凤山.海水入侵的基本理论及其在入侵发展预测中的应用[J],中国地质灾害与防治学报,1996,7(3),p1-9
[19]Custodio,E,咸水入侵[A],国际水文地质学家协会&2届大会论文集[C],北京,地质出版社,1987
[20]李国敏,陈崇希,海水入侵研究现状与展望[J],地学前缘,1963,3(1,2),p161-167
[21]尹泽生,林文盘,杨小军,海水入侵研究的现状与问题,地理研究,1991,10(3),p78-85
[22]Moor Y H,Stoessell R K,Easley D H.Fresh-water/sea-water relationship within a groundwater flow system,northeastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula[J].Ground Water,1992,30(3),p343-350
[23]Pinder G H.A numerical technique for calculation the transient position of the saltwater [J].waterResources Research,1970,6(4),875-883
[24]Lee C H,cheng R S T.On seawater encroachment in coastal aquifers[J].water Research,1974,10(5),p1039-1043
[25]Segol G,Pinder G F,Gray W G.A Gale kin finite element technique for calculating the transient position if the saltwater front[J].Water Resources Research,1975,11(2),p343-347
[26]Seagol G,Pinder G F.Transient simulation of saltwater intrusion in southeastern Florida[J].Water Resources Research,1976,12(1),p65-70
[27]Huyakorn P S,Anderson P E,Mercer J W,et al.Saltwater intrusion in aquifers,development and testing of a three-dimensional finite element moderl[J].Water Resources Research 1987,23(2),p293-312.
[28]马凤山,蔡祖煌,等(海水入侵机理及其防治措施[J],中国地质灾害与防治学报,1997,8(4),p16-22
[29]韩乃斌,长江口咸水入侵分析,长江口航道治理研究,1981,第一集。
[30]徐君亮等,伶仃洋的盐水入侵及盐水楔的运动规律,热带地理,1981,p36-34
[31]应秩甫等,珠江口伶仃洋咸淡水混合特征,海洋学报,1983,(5),p1-10
[32]吴吉春,薛禹群,,海水入侵过程中水-岩间的阳离子交换[J],水文地质工程地质,1996,(3),p18-19
[33]成建梅,陈崇希,山东烟台夹河中下游地区海水入侵三维水质数值模拟研究[J],地学前缘2001,8(1),p179-184
[34]陈惠泉,冷却水运动模型相似性的原理和实践,水科院研究报告,1974
[35]陈惠泉,陈燕茹,张玉孔,冷却池模型相似几何变态问题的研究水科院报告,1988
[36]陈惠泉,冷却水运动模型相似性的研究,水利学报,1988,(11),p1-9
[37]陈惠泉,考虑冰冻效应的冷却水模型相似性问题,水科院研究报告,1983
[38]水面蒸发与散热公式研究。湖泊科学,1994,6(3),p201-210.
[39]李瑞生,柴方昆,冷却水工程物理模型试验中的变态和正态问题。水利科学,第5期,1989年,p22-29
[40]陈惠泉,水力热力模型的几何变态和分类。水利学报,第3期,1993年,p18-23.
[41]李瑞生、马莉青,冷却水物理模型的变态影响及其修正。全国水动力学及水工水力学学术讨论会论文集,新疆农学院,1995年,p505-519.
[42]Tian,xiaodong,Roberts,Philip J.W,A 3D LIF system for turbulent buoyant jet flows,Experiments in Fluids,2003,35(6),p636-647
[43]林佑金,陆耀辉,惠州LNG电厂循环冷却水工程模型试验研究,人民珠江,2001
[44]付宁,宋文彬,水工物理模型和数字模型在水工设计中的应用分析,黑龙江水利科技,2004
[45]童中山、应新亚、钱炳法,黄骅电厂取水河段取水特性的数模与物模研究,海洋工程,1997
[46]倪浩清,周力行等,明渠温差异重流湍浮力流的数学模型,中国科学.A辑,30(4),1987,p437-448
[47]周雪漪,阳坤,李玉梁,陈永灿,各向异性湍浮力模型在潮流底部排放计算中的应用,清华大学学报,1998,38(11),p91-94
[48]Huai Wenxin,Three-dimensional numerical simulation of multiple jets in shallow flowing receving waters,Joumal if Hydrodynamics,2000,12(3),p19-18
[49]郝瑞霞,周力行,陈惠泉,冷却水工程中湍浮力射流的三维数值模拟,水动力学研 究与进展,1999,14(4),p484-491
[50 Larson,Magnus,Jonsson,Lennart,Modeling of mixing by turbulent in stably stratified fluid,journal of Hydraulic Engineering,121(12),p853-862
[51]Han H.L,Li W.,Numerical prediction of line buoyant jets in cross flows,Journal of Hydrodynamics 2001,13(1),p12-16
[52]吴江航,陈凯麒,核电站冷却水远去热、核污染数值计算的一种新方法,水利学报,1986,(12)
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