施钾对棉花养分吸收及产量品质影响的研究
摘要
试验结合前人研究不同区域棉花栽培品种的养分和需肥特性,从而进行不同施钾量对棉花的养分吸收和产量品质影响的研究,为新疆合理施用钾肥提供一定依据。
研究表明,棉花地上部干物质积累量在全生育时期呈现前期积累少且慢、中期增多且加快,后期缓慢增加的“S”型趋势,地上部各器官干物质占整株的比例具有一致性;随生育期变化,各器官的积累比例呈现不同变化趋势;生育前期积累中心是营养器官中茎和叶,从花期到吐絮成熟期积累中心逐渐转移至生殖器官。
各处理养分吸收动态与棉花干物质积累动态一致,在各生育阶段均呈现出苗期缓慢,蕾期逐渐加快,开花到结铃盛期到达高峰,此后又逐渐趋于平稳;符合植物生长的“S”型曲线。用Logistic方程对棉花地上部干物质和养分进行模拟,方程拟合较好.施钾可以明显提高棉花干物质积累最大值,延长干物质积累和氮、磷、钾养分吸收的关键时期△t,其中,在钾肥施用量0-60kg/hm~2范围内随施钾量增加而增加。在一定范围内,增施钾肥,增加了棉花对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收量,其原因是施钾促进了氮、磷养分在棉花体内物质的合成与运转,但当施钾量增加到一定程度,棉花对养分的吸收量开始下降。棉花对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收速率均大于K0。从播种后45d以营养生长为主,对养分的吸收速率均很低,到播种后第75d吸收速率迅速加快,此后其速率逐渐增大但有所波动,这很可能是因为试验区6、7月的气候异常,对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收速率总趋势为前期缓慢,中期逐渐加快,后期减缓的趋势。
施钾可以降低蕾铃脱落率,增加现蕾数和有效铃数;增施钾肥对棉花单铃重、衣分影响不大,但可以显著增加棉花单株铃数;施钾通过增加单株铃数和降低蕾铃脱落率实现了棉花的增产。
钾肥效应方程为Y=-0.0517K~2+5.3167K+1531.5,最高产量施K_2O量为51.42 kg/hm~2,经济施K_2O量为48.60 kg/hm~2,其相对应的最高产量为1668.19 kg/hm~2和经济产量为1667.77 kg/hm~2。
施钾在一定范围内可增加棉花的纤维长度、强度、伸长率以及可纺系数;棉花整齐度、马克隆值是随着钾肥施用量的增加而增加;施钾可以提高棉花的成熟度,但施钾处理间差异不明显。
According to the studies of cotton’s fertilizer characteristic and physiology, in different regions do the experiment of different potash effects on cotton efficiency of nutrient and yield quality, in order to reacher the characteristic of cotton nutrient characteristic in north of Xinjiang. The affect of xinjiang cotton nutrient absorption and the yield quality by potash fertilizer provides certain basis to the potash fertilizer reasonable employment.
During the whole growing stage, the organic biomass of cotton’s upper part accumulates slowly in the seedling period, gradually speeds up at the middle stage, and, the tend is steady in the last, it matches to model“S”. The organic biomass accumulation of upper part of cotton is increasing with the addition of potash fertilizer quantity. During the different treatments, the trend of the organic biomass accumulation is consistent, the upper part of nourishment organs such as stem, leaf is the accumulation but increase slowly before, then the reproductive organs as flower bud, boll, cotton seed and the fiber of cotton accumulate quickly, and do the most quick from the flower stage to the boll stage.The dry matter and the cotton nutrient absorption is dynamic congruous in the experiment, and conform to the plant growth curve“S”that change slow in seedling stage and speed up gradually in the flower bud time, arrive at the peak until blossoms to full-boll stage, hereafter tend to be steady gradually.The equation fitting is good that simulates dry matter and the nutrient with the Logistic equation. Potash fertilizer can enhance the maximum value of the cotton dry matter accumulation obviously, and extend the crucial phase△t that dry matter accumulation and nutrient absorption of nitrogen、phosphorus and potassium which increase along with the increase quantity of potash fertilizer in the scope of 0-60kg/hm~2.
Enunciation shows : a some what, for the addition of the potash fertilizer using, the accumulation of N, P2O5, K_2O is increased because under the condition of raise potash alone, had more nitrogens, the potassium to participate the cotton material inside the body to synthesize with the operation. But when we increase potash to certain extent, the cotton stub reduces to the accumulation of the nutrient in the beginning. Between the different potash treatments, the cotton asordption velocity of N, P2O5, K_2O is more than K0. From the seeding to the 45d ,with the nourishment grow is lord, the absorption velocity of the nutrient isl very low, but to the 75d the absorption velocity is speeded up quickly, then its velocity is gradually enlarges but waves greatly,it may be reltant to the variety weather during in June and July. The trend of nutrient is slowly in the seedling period, gradually speeds up at the middle stage, then, tend is steady in the last.
Potash fertilizer can reduce investigation of boll retention rate, increases the number of bud and the number of bolls; there is no tangible result that increases the quantity of potassium fertilizer to cotton single boll weight、lint percentage,but it may increase cotton bolls per plant obviously; potash fertilize increase the cotton yield and by increasing the boll number per plant to reduce shedding rates of buds and bolls.
The potash fertilize effect equation is Y=-0.0517K~2+5.3167K+1531.5, the quantity of K_2O to the maximum cotton yield is 51.42 kg/hm~2, the economical quantity of K_2O is 48.60 kg/hm~2, which corresponds the maximum yield is1668.19 kg/hm~2 and the economical yield is 1667.77 kg/hm~2.
Potash fertilizer can increase the cotton’s length、intensity、elongation ratio and limit count; The increase of cotton uniformity、Macro value is along with the increase quantity of potassium fertilizer; potash fertilizer can enhances the cotton maturity, but there is no obvious difference among the treatment.
研究表明,棉花地上部干物质积累量在全生育时期呈现前期积累少且慢、中期增多且加快,后期缓慢增加的“S”型趋势,地上部各器官干物质占整株的比例具有一致性;随生育期变化,各器官的积累比例呈现不同变化趋势;生育前期积累中心是营养器官中茎和叶,从花期到吐絮成熟期积累中心逐渐转移至生殖器官。
各处理养分吸收动态与棉花干物质积累动态一致,在各生育阶段均呈现出苗期缓慢,蕾期逐渐加快,开花到结铃盛期到达高峰,此后又逐渐趋于平稳;符合植物生长的“S”型曲线。用Logistic方程对棉花地上部干物质和养分进行模拟,方程拟合较好.施钾可以明显提高棉花干物质积累最大值,延长干物质积累和氮、磷、钾养分吸收的关键时期△t,其中,在钾肥施用量0-60kg/hm~2范围内随施钾量增加而增加。在一定范围内,增施钾肥,增加了棉花对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收量,其原因是施钾促进了氮、磷养分在棉花体内物质的合成与运转,但当施钾量增加到一定程度,棉花对养分的吸收量开始下降。棉花对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收速率均大于K0。从播种后45d以营养生长为主,对养分的吸收速率均很低,到播种后第75d吸收速率迅速加快,此后其速率逐渐增大但有所波动,这很可能是因为试验区6、7月的气候异常,对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收速率总趋势为前期缓慢,中期逐渐加快,后期减缓的趋势。
施钾可以降低蕾铃脱落率,增加现蕾数和有效铃数;增施钾肥对棉花单铃重、衣分影响不大,但可以显著增加棉花单株铃数;施钾通过增加单株铃数和降低蕾铃脱落率实现了棉花的增产。
钾肥效应方程为Y=-0.0517K~2+5.3167K+1531.5,最高产量施K_2O量为51.42 kg/hm~2,经济施K_2O量为48.60 kg/hm~2,其相对应的最高产量为1668.19 kg/hm~2和经济产量为1667.77 kg/hm~2。
施钾在一定范围内可增加棉花的纤维长度、强度、伸长率以及可纺系数;棉花整齐度、马克隆值是随着钾肥施用量的增加而增加;施钾可以提高棉花的成熟度,但施钾处理间差异不明显。
According to the studies of cotton’s fertilizer characteristic and physiology, in different regions do the experiment of different potash effects on cotton efficiency of nutrient and yield quality, in order to reacher the characteristic of cotton nutrient characteristic in north of Xinjiang. The affect of xinjiang cotton nutrient absorption and the yield quality by potash fertilizer provides certain basis to the potash fertilizer reasonable employment.
During the whole growing stage, the organic biomass of cotton’s upper part accumulates slowly in the seedling period, gradually speeds up at the middle stage, and, the tend is steady in the last, it matches to model“S”. The organic biomass accumulation of upper part of cotton is increasing with the addition of potash fertilizer quantity. During the different treatments, the trend of the organic biomass accumulation is consistent, the upper part of nourishment organs such as stem, leaf is the accumulation but increase slowly before, then the reproductive organs as flower bud, boll, cotton seed and the fiber of cotton accumulate quickly, and do the most quick from the flower stage to the boll stage.The dry matter and the cotton nutrient absorption is dynamic congruous in the experiment, and conform to the plant growth curve“S”that change slow in seedling stage and speed up gradually in the flower bud time, arrive at the peak until blossoms to full-boll stage, hereafter tend to be steady gradually.The equation fitting is good that simulates dry matter and the nutrient with the Logistic equation. Potash fertilizer can enhance the maximum value of the cotton dry matter accumulation obviously, and extend the crucial phase△t that dry matter accumulation and nutrient absorption of nitrogen、phosphorus and potassium which increase along with the increase quantity of potash fertilizer in the scope of 0-60kg/hm~2.
Enunciation shows : a some what, for the addition of the potash fertilizer using, the accumulation of N, P2O5, K_2O is increased because under the condition of raise potash alone, had more nitrogens, the potassium to participate the cotton material inside the body to synthesize with the operation. But when we increase potash to certain extent, the cotton stub reduces to the accumulation of the nutrient in the beginning. Between the different potash treatments, the cotton asordption velocity of N, P2O5, K_2O is more than K0. From the seeding to the 45d ,with the nourishment grow is lord, the absorption velocity of the nutrient isl very low, but to the 75d the absorption velocity is speeded up quickly, then its velocity is gradually enlarges but waves greatly,it may be reltant to the variety weather during in June and July. The trend of nutrient is slowly in the seedling period, gradually speeds up at the middle stage, then, tend is steady in the last.
Potash fertilizer can reduce investigation of boll retention rate, increases the number of bud and the number of bolls; there is no tangible result that increases the quantity of potassium fertilizer to cotton single boll weight、lint percentage,but it may increase cotton bolls per plant obviously; potash fertilize increase the cotton yield and by increasing the boll number per plant to reduce shedding rates of buds and bolls.
The potash fertilize effect equation is Y=-0.0517K~2+5.3167K+1531.5, the quantity of K_2O to the maximum cotton yield is 51.42 kg/hm~2, the economical quantity of K_2O is 48.60 kg/hm~2, which corresponds the maximum yield is1668.19 kg/hm~2 and the economical yield is 1667.77 kg/hm~2.
Potash fertilizer can increase the cotton’s length、intensity、elongation ratio and limit count; The increase of cotton uniformity、Macro value is along with the increase quantity of potassium fertilizer; potash fertilizer can enhances the cotton maturity, but there is no obvious difference among the treatment.
引文
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