TiO_2纳米粒子的制备及其摩擦学与磨损自修复性能研究
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摘要
摩擦阻力广泛存在于实际生产和我们的生活中,所有机器的运动都是依赖于其零件副的相对运动,有相对运动就有磨损,磨损是导致表面损坏、零件失效和材料损耗的主要原因。磨损不仅消耗能源和花费材料、降低设备运转效率,而且加速设备报废、导致部件更换频繁,造成极大的经济损失。因此,由磨损而带来的诸多问题越来越引起学术界的广泛重视。减少磨损的重要措施之一是润滑,然而传统润滑油只能起减少相对运动表面的摩擦,降低其磨损的目的。随着现代科学技术的进步,机器设备正日益向高速、重载和高精度的方向发展,因此,如何改善材料的摩擦磨损性能和机器零件的润滑状态,以延长机器的使用寿命,已经受到摩擦学工作者的广泛关注。在基础润滑油中加入各种添加剂是改善其润滑性能的重要方法,而对材料表面进行改性处理则是改善其摩擦磨损性能的有效方法之一。
纳米材料由于独特的物理化学性质,在摩擦学领域显示了广阔的应用前景,成为具有巨大潜力的润滑油添加剂。尽管目前的研究还处在初期阶段,许多问题有待解决,但大量实验结果表明,纳米材料可以作为润滑油添加剂而起到抗磨、减摩和抗极压作用。
本文首先在合成了硬脂酸与聚乙二醇400表面复合修饰的锐钛矿及金红石型TiO_2纳米粒子,采用投射电镜(TEM)、X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、FTIR等现代分析手段对所合成的表面修饰纳米微粒的形貌和结构进行了表征。采用四球试验机和HQ-I摩擦磨损试验机对表面修饰纳米微粒作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能及其对摩擦副的磨损自修复性能进行了评价。实验结果表明:
1表面复合修饰锐钛矿及金红石型纳米TiO_2作为润滑油添加剂均具有良好的摩擦学性能,其中,金红石型纳米TiO_2的摩擦学性能更佳。
2表面复合修饰锐钛矿及金红石型纳米TiO_2作为润滑油添加剂对摩擦副的磨损均有一定的自修复效果,它们的磨损自修复机理不同。
Wearing resistance extensively exists in the actual production and our life. All machinery motion is relative movement relying on its` sliding couple. Abrasion happened with relative movement, and abrasion is the main cause of surface damage, spares invalid, and material loss. Wear not only consumes the enery and materials and decreases the equipment efficiency, but also accelerates the equipments discard and causes the parts replacement frequently and big economy loss. Therefore, abrasion is causing more and more extensive academic attention of many field. One of the important step of decreasing abrasion is lubracation, and the old lubrication oils only reduce the friction and wear function of the machines and equipment are developed in the direction of high speed, high load and high precision. The problem of how to improve the tribological properties of materials and the lubrication state of machine parts for prolonging their lifetime are becoming more and more attractive to improve attractive to all tribologists. The addition of various additives into lubricating oils is an important way to improve their lubrication properties, whereas, the application of surface treatments on materials is the effective methed for improving the friction and wear properties of machine parts.
Nano-materials show broad application due to its unique physical and chemcial characteristics in the field of tribology, and become potential lubricating oil additives. Despite the present research still in the initial stage, many problems require to be solved, however, lots of experimental results indicate that nano-materials possess the characteristics of reducing wear, antiwear and extreme pressure.
In this thesis, stearic acid and PEG 400 modified nanoparticles of anatase and rutile were prepared. Transimission electron microscope (TME)、X-ray powder diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the morphologics and structures of these surface-modified nanoparticles.
All these prepared nanoparticles were used as additives in lubricating oil liquid paraffin and their tribological properties and self-repairing for the sliding couple were evaluated on a four-ball machine and HQ-1 machine.The following main conclusions were reached:
1 The stearic acid and PEG 400 modified nanoparticles of anatase and rutile as additives in lubricating oil show good tribological properties. And rutile nanoparticles is better than anatase nanoparticles.
2 Both of the stearic acid and PEG 400 modified nanoparticles of anatase and rutile as additives in lubricating oil can aslo repair the sliding couple. But their self-repairing mechanisms are different.
纳米材料由于独特的物理化学性质,在摩擦学领域显示了广阔的应用前景,成为具有巨大潜力的润滑油添加剂。尽管目前的研究还处在初期阶段,许多问题有待解决,但大量实验结果表明,纳米材料可以作为润滑油添加剂而起到抗磨、减摩和抗极压作用。
本文首先在合成了硬脂酸与聚乙二醇400表面复合修饰的锐钛矿及金红石型TiO_2纳米粒子,采用投射电镜(TEM)、X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、FTIR等现代分析手段对所合成的表面修饰纳米微粒的形貌和结构进行了表征。采用四球试验机和HQ-I摩擦磨损试验机对表面修饰纳米微粒作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能及其对摩擦副的磨损自修复性能进行了评价。实验结果表明:
1表面复合修饰锐钛矿及金红石型纳米TiO_2作为润滑油添加剂均具有良好的摩擦学性能,其中,金红石型纳米TiO_2的摩擦学性能更佳。
2表面复合修饰锐钛矿及金红石型纳米TiO_2作为润滑油添加剂对摩擦副的磨损均有一定的自修复效果,它们的磨损自修复机理不同。
Wearing resistance extensively exists in the actual production and our life. All machinery motion is relative movement relying on its` sliding couple. Abrasion happened with relative movement, and abrasion is the main cause of surface damage, spares invalid, and material loss. Wear not only consumes the enery and materials and decreases the equipment efficiency, but also accelerates the equipments discard and causes the parts replacement frequently and big economy loss. Therefore, abrasion is causing more and more extensive academic attention of many field. One of the important step of decreasing abrasion is lubracation, and the old lubrication oils only reduce the friction and wear function of the machines and equipment are developed in the direction of high speed, high load and high precision. The problem of how to improve the tribological properties of materials and the lubrication state of machine parts for prolonging their lifetime are becoming more and more attractive to improve attractive to all tribologists. The addition of various additives into lubricating oils is an important way to improve their lubrication properties, whereas, the application of surface treatments on materials is the effective methed for improving the friction and wear properties of machine parts.
Nano-materials show broad application due to its unique physical and chemcial characteristics in the field of tribology, and become potential lubricating oil additives. Despite the present research still in the initial stage, many problems require to be solved, however, lots of experimental results indicate that nano-materials possess the characteristics of reducing wear, antiwear and extreme pressure.
In this thesis, stearic acid and PEG 400 modified nanoparticles of anatase and rutile were prepared. Transimission electron microscope (TME)、X-ray powder diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the morphologics and structures of these surface-modified nanoparticles.
All these prepared nanoparticles were used as additives in lubricating oil liquid paraffin and their tribological properties and self-repairing for the sliding couple were evaluated on a four-ball machine and HQ-1 machine.The following main conclusions were reached:
1 The stearic acid and PEG 400 modified nanoparticles of anatase and rutile as additives in lubricating oil show good tribological properties. And rutile nanoparticles is better than anatase nanoparticles.
2 Both of the stearic acid and PEG 400 modified nanoparticles of anatase and rutile as additives in lubricating oil can aslo repair the sliding couple. But their self-repairing mechanisms are different.
引文
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