糯小麦淀粉高吸水性树脂的制备及性能研究
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摘要
为开发糯淀粉系高吸水性树脂,本研究以糯小麦淀粉为原料,在系统分析糯小麦淀粉颗粒结构、淀粉组成、糊化特性及糊特性的基础上,对糯小麦淀粉高吸水性树脂的制备工艺、结构及性能进行了研究,并比较了不同干燥方法对糯小麦淀粉高吸水性树脂吸水性能的影响,研究结果如下:
糯小麦淀粉颗粒具有明显的偏光十字,且A淀粉粒径大于B淀粉粒径。糯小麦A、B淀粉直链淀粉含量极低,分别为2.81%、0.30%。糯小麦淀粉糊的热稳定性较差,不易形成凝胶,老化速度慢;糊透明度不高,但冻融稳定性较好。由于糯小麦的直链淀粉含量低,其膨胀特性发生了改变。
糯小麦淀粉高吸水性树脂制备的较优工艺条件为:丙烯酸中和度/pH5.4,糯小麦淀粉质量分数9%,反应温度55℃,引发剂4%过硫酸铵溶液6.5 mL,交联剂2%N、N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺溶液0.75 mL,此条件下制备的高吸水性树脂吸蒸馏水倍率达到1169.6 g·g-1。该高吸水性树脂为丙烯酸与糯小麦淀粉的接枝共聚物。
糯小麦淀粉高吸水性树脂的吸蒸馏水倍率和吸盐水倍率分别达到1169.6 g·g-1和88.6 g·g-1,耐盐性较差;在30℃、40℃和60℃条件下,糯小麦淀粉高吸水性树脂的保水性明显优于科翰98保水剂。糯小麦淀粉高吸水性树脂具有较好的热稳定性、贮存稳定性和反复使用性,但其耐酸或碱性的能力较弱。糯小麦淀粉高吸水性树脂能有效的提高土壤的保水率和土壤团聚体数量的变化,添加1%的糯小麦淀粉高吸水性树脂改良土壤的效果好于添加1%的科翰98保水剂。
耐盐性糯小麦淀粉高吸水性树脂合成的较优工艺条件为:丙烯酸中和度/pH5.8,丙烯酰胺14 g,丙烯酸甲酯1 mL,反应温度75℃,引发剂4%过硫酸铵溶液5mL,交联剂2%N、N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺溶液0.5 mL。此条件下制备的高吸水性树脂吸盐水倍率达到62.1 g·g-1。80℃烘箱干燥处理糯小麦淀粉高吸水性树脂的吸水率明显低于-60℃真空冷冻干燥,真空冷冻干燥处理的糯小麦淀粉高吸水性树脂具有较强的吸水性和耐盐性。
In order to get waxy starch superabsorbent resin, waxy wheat starch was selected as the material of this research, the preparatory processing, structure and capability of waxy wheat starch superabsorbent resin were studied, the influence on water-absorbency in different drying conditions of waxy wheat starch superabsorbent resin were compared based on the systematic analysis of waxy wheat starch grain structure, starch composing, Dextrinize characteristic and paste characteristics. The results were as follows:
The waxy wheat starch grain had obvious polarization cross and the starch grain diameter of A type was bigger than B. The amylose content of waxy wheat A and B type starch are extremely low, 2.81% and 0.30% respectively. The waxy wheat starch paste was hot instability and not easy to form gel, the aging speed was slow. The paste diaphaneity was not high, but the freeze-melting stability was better. The swelling characteristics were changed because of the amylose content lower.
The optimum preparatory processing conditions of waxy wheat starch superabsorbent resin obtained were neutralization degree of acrylic acid/pH5.4, the waxy wheat starch consistency 9%, reaction temperature 55℃, initiator 4% ammonium persulfate solution 6.5 mL, cross-linking agent 2% N, N'-methylene-bisacrylamide solution 0.75 mL. The distilled water absorbency of prepared superabsorbent resin reached about 1169.6 g·g-1 under these conditions. The superabsorbent resin was graft copolymer by the waxy wheat starch and acrylic acid; the distilled water absorbency and salt water absorbency of the waxy wheat starch superabsorbent resin reached 1169.6 g·g-1 and 88.6 g·g-1 respectively, but the resistance capability on salt was not better. In the condition of 30℃, 40℃, and 60℃respectively, the water retaining capacity of the waxy wheat starch superabsorbent resin was better than Kehan 98 commodity SAR. The heat stability, reserve stability and repeat use capability of the waxy wheat starch superabsorbent resin were better, however the resistance acidity or alkalescence capability was faintish. The soil water retaining rate and changes of coacervate quantity could be improved effectively by waxy wheat starch superabsorbent resin, the improving soil effect adding 1% waxy wheat starch superabsorbent resin was better than adding 1% Kehan 98 commodity SAR.
The optimum preparatory processing conditions of waxy wheat starch superabsorbent resin with salt-resistance obtained were neutralization degree of acrylic acid/pH5.8, acrylic amide14 g, methyl acrylate 1 mL, reaction temperature75℃, initiator 4% ammonium persulfate solution 5 mL, cross-linking agent 2% N, N'-methylene-bisacrylamide solution 0.5 mL. The salt water absorbency of prepared superabsorbent resin reached 62.1 g·g-1 under these conditions. The water absorbency of waxy wheat starch superabsorbent resin treating in 80℃drying oven was obvious lower than in -60℃vacuum freeze-drying, the waxy wheat starch superabsorbent resin had stronger water absorbency and salt-resistance treating in vacuum freeze-drying.
糯小麦淀粉颗粒具有明显的偏光十字,且A淀粉粒径大于B淀粉粒径。糯小麦A、B淀粉直链淀粉含量极低,分别为2.81%、0.30%。糯小麦淀粉糊的热稳定性较差,不易形成凝胶,老化速度慢;糊透明度不高,但冻融稳定性较好。由于糯小麦的直链淀粉含量低,其膨胀特性发生了改变。
糯小麦淀粉高吸水性树脂制备的较优工艺条件为:丙烯酸中和度/pH5.4,糯小麦淀粉质量分数9%,反应温度55℃,引发剂4%过硫酸铵溶液6.5 mL,交联剂2%N、N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺溶液0.75 mL,此条件下制备的高吸水性树脂吸蒸馏水倍率达到1169.6 g·g-1。该高吸水性树脂为丙烯酸与糯小麦淀粉的接枝共聚物。
糯小麦淀粉高吸水性树脂的吸蒸馏水倍率和吸盐水倍率分别达到1169.6 g·g-1和88.6 g·g-1,耐盐性较差;在30℃、40℃和60℃条件下,糯小麦淀粉高吸水性树脂的保水性明显优于科翰98保水剂。糯小麦淀粉高吸水性树脂具有较好的热稳定性、贮存稳定性和反复使用性,但其耐酸或碱性的能力较弱。糯小麦淀粉高吸水性树脂能有效的提高土壤的保水率和土壤团聚体数量的变化,添加1%的糯小麦淀粉高吸水性树脂改良土壤的效果好于添加1%的科翰98保水剂。
耐盐性糯小麦淀粉高吸水性树脂合成的较优工艺条件为:丙烯酸中和度/pH5.8,丙烯酰胺14 g,丙烯酸甲酯1 mL,反应温度75℃,引发剂4%过硫酸铵溶液5mL,交联剂2%N、N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺溶液0.5 mL。此条件下制备的高吸水性树脂吸盐水倍率达到62.1 g·g-1。80℃烘箱干燥处理糯小麦淀粉高吸水性树脂的吸水率明显低于-60℃真空冷冻干燥,真空冷冻干燥处理的糯小麦淀粉高吸水性树脂具有较强的吸水性和耐盐性。
In order to get waxy starch superabsorbent resin, waxy wheat starch was selected as the material of this research, the preparatory processing, structure and capability of waxy wheat starch superabsorbent resin were studied, the influence on water-absorbency in different drying conditions of waxy wheat starch superabsorbent resin were compared based on the systematic analysis of waxy wheat starch grain structure, starch composing, Dextrinize characteristic and paste characteristics. The results were as follows:
The waxy wheat starch grain had obvious polarization cross and the starch grain diameter of A type was bigger than B. The amylose content of waxy wheat A and B type starch are extremely low, 2.81% and 0.30% respectively. The waxy wheat starch paste was hot instability and not easy to form gel, the aging speed was slow. The paste diaphaneity was not high, but the freeze-melting stability was better. The swelling characteristics were changed because of the amylose content lower.
The optimum preparatory processing conditions of waxy wheat starch superabsorbent resin obtained were neutralization degree of acrylic acid/pH5.4, the waxy wheat starch consistency 9%, reaction temperature 55℃, initiator 4% ammonium persulfate solution 6.5 mL, cross-linking agent 2% N, N'-methylene-bisacrylamide solution 0.75 mL. The distilled water absorbency of prepared superabsorbent resin reached about 1169.6 g·g-1 under these conditions. The superabsorbent resin was graft copolymer by the waxy wheat starch and acrylic acid; the distilled water absorbency and salt water absorbency of the waxy wheat starch superabsorbent resin reached 1169.6 g·g-1 and 88.6 g·g-1 respectively, but the resistance capability on salt was not better. In the condition of 30℃, 40℃, and 60℃respectively, the water retaining capacity of the waxy wheat starch superabsorbent resin was better than Kehan 98 commodity SAR. The heat stability, reserve stability and repeat use capability of the waxy wheat starch superabsorbent resin were better, however the resistance acidity or alkalescence capability was faintish. The soil water retaining rate and changes of coacervate quantity could be improved effectively by waxy wheat starch superabsorbent resin, the improving soil effect adding 1% waxy wheat starch superabsorbent resin was better than adding 1% Kehan 98 commodity SAR.
The optimum preparatory processing conditions of waxy wheat starch superabsorbent resin with salt-resistance obtained were neutralization degree of acrylic acid/pH5.8, acrylic amide14 g, methyl acrylate 1 mL, reaction temperature75℃, initiator 4% ammonium persulfate solution 5 mL, cross-linking agent 2% N, N'-methylene-bisacrylamide solution 0.5 mL. The salt water absorbency of prepared superabsorbent resin reached 62.1 g·g-1 under these conditions. The water absorbency of waxy wheat starch superabsorbent resin treating in 80℃drying oven was obvious lower than in -60℃vacuum freeze-drying, the waxy wheat starch superabsorbent resin had stronger water absorbency and salt-resistance treating in vacuum freeze-drying.
引文
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