顾客需求驱动的药品供应链模式及集成管理系统的研究与应用
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摘要
随着信息技术和网络技术的飞速发展,特别是我国加入WTO之后,我国药品流通领域的竞争环境发生了巨大的变化,相应地,其竞争形式也将由企业与企业之间的竞争转向药品供应链与供应链之间的竞争。而长期以来,我国医药产业的管理体制与运作模式自成体系,显得相对封闭,药品供应链上、下游经营主体的信息系统被一系列的“信息壁垒”所阻断,没有形成连续、畅通、可见的信息流,这不仅导致了各药品经营主体面临持续增长的成本压力和不断增加的竞争压力,而且也给政府部门对药品的监管带来了巨大的困难。另外,我国目前的药品供应链运作模式仍然是基于上游供应商的产品或服务推动式的,这与我国现在由买方主导的药品市场环境不相适应,因为在这种运作模式下,会出现药品供应链绩效低下、对市场和顾客需求响应迟缓等问题。本文针对我国药品流通领域的上述现实背景,引进了先进的供应链管理理论和方法,以中观层面的研究视角,从整个药品供应链的角度入手,试图为解决上述问题从理论上和实践应用上进行了探索。在文章的论述过程中,沿着归纳总结问题——分析问题产生原因——提出问题的解决方案——实践验证解决方案的总体逻辑思路进行展开。
在第一章中,作为本论文的总纲,主要介绍了本论文的选题背景、研究的目的和意义、国内外研究现状、主要研究内容及论文结构、研究方法以及本论文的创新之处。
在第二章中,首先对一般性的供应链及供应链网络的概念和内涵做了系统的理论解析,其中包括对供应链网络的五层次结构的详细阐述,并在此基础上,总结分析了一般性供应链的主要特点。此外,本章还回顾了前人对供应链管理概念的定义,并给出了本文对供应链管理的具体定义。最后,总结了供应链管理所体现的核心思想。本章旨在通过对一般性的供应链及供应链管理的理论解析,为后文对药品供应链的研究提供理论上的铺垫。
在第三章中,首先以药品的特殊性分析为切入点,并结合我国医药行业的实际情况,对我国药品市场的特性进行了阐述。其次,从我国药品供应链的网状结构模型和供应链中各节点经营主体的角色定位及其相互关系这两个角度分析了我国药品供应链的构造。然后,分析了我国现有药品供应链的运作模式,并就现有药品供应链的运作问题、产生运作问题的原因以及我国目前状况下药品监管方式的缺陷和困难展开了系统研究。最后,揭示了产生现有问题的两个深层次原因,并引出了解决问题的有效方案,即本文的研究重点——提出并探讨顾客需求驱动的药品供应链运作新模式以及研究开发能实现整个药品供应链网络各节点主体之间信息集成和共享的药品供应链集成管理系统。
在第四章中,主要对顾客需求驱动的药品供应链模式和药品供应链集成管理系统的框架分别展开了研究。在对前者的研究中,首先界定了药品供应链中“顾客”的涵义,再在此基础上提出并阐述了顾客需求驱动的药品供应链运作模式,随后,分别对顾客需求驱动在药品供应链管理应用中的意义和作为药品供应链中居于决定性主导地位的下游顾客——医院在顾客需求驱动的药品供应链管理应用中所起的作用从理论上作了定性的分析。在对后者的研究中,首先介绍Web Services技术,并以其作为实现药品供应链各节点经营主体之间信息集成的技术手段,分别对药品供应链单元内部、单元之间以及整个供应链网络的信息集成框架进行了分类研究,最后,从整体上设计了药品供应链集成管理系统的功能框架并对各功能模块进行了描述。
在第五章中,主要从应用实践的角度,介绍了本系统已经实现功能的应用实例。目前,应用实施本系统的典型用户单位已有三家医院和一家医药公司,此外,使用本系统的节点经营主体还包括给三家医院典型用户供货的所有医药公司,本系统在药品供应链中多个节点经营主体的成功初步应用为进一步的研究奠定了实践基础和应用平台。
最后,对本文所做的工作进行了总结,并对今后需要进一步研究的工作进行了展望。
With the rapid development of information technology and network technology, especially after our country entering into the WTO, the competitive environment in the field of drug circulation in our country has changed greatly, accordingly, the competitive form will also be turned from competing by enterprise against enterprise to competing by supply chain against supply chain. However, the management system and operating mode in our country’s medicine industry has been close for a long time, the information systems of node entities in forward and backward position of the durg supply chain are separated by a series of“information bulwarks”, the consecutive and expedite information flow has not been formed, which not only resulting in the drug node entities having to face increasing cost pressure and competitive pressure, but also bringing great difficulties to the governmental departments. In addition, the present operating mode of durg supply chain in our country is still based on suppliers’products or services-driven, which doesn’t conform to the present durg market environment dominated by buyers in our country, because such problems as low supply chain performance, slow response to durg market and customers’demands will appear in this mode. This dissertation aims at the realistic backgrounds aboved, introduces into the theories and means of supply chain management, and tries to solve the problems by theories and practice from the point of view of the whole drug supply chain. The dissertation is logically structured as summing up problems, analyzing the causes of problems, putting forward solving projects and validating the solving projects in practice.
Chapter 1 is the dissertation’s general compendium, the research background, the objective and significance,the research status quo in home and abroad, main research contents, research methods and the main innovations of this dissertation are introduced.
In the Chapter 2, firstly, the concept and connotation of general supply chain and supply chain network are systemically parsed in theory, including the five-hiberarchy of supply chain network, and then the main characteristics of general supply chain are summarized and analyzed. Furthermore, the definitions of supply chain management explained by other scholars are reviewed and the definition for this dissertation are put forward. Fially, the core ideas of supply chain management are summarized. The purpose of the general supply chain and supply chain management being parsed in theory in this chapter is to provide the theoretic preparative for study of drug supply chain in the following chapters.
In the Chapter 3, in the first, the analyses of drug’s particularities are taken as the breakthrough point, and on the basis of combining it with the facts in our country’s medicine industries, the specialities of our country’s drug market are expounded. Secondly, the structure of our country’s drug supply chain is analyzed from two points of view, namely the network structure model and the role orientation of every node entity and their relationships each other. Whereafter, the present operating mode of drug supply chain in our country is analyzed, and then the present operating problems, the causes for problems, the limitations and difficulties for drug supervising quomodo are systemically researched. Lastly, two underlying causes which bring about the present problems are opened out, and effective projects for solving problems are educed, viz. the research emphases of this dissertation: putting forward and probing into new operating mode of drug supply chain based on customer demand driven, researching and developing the drug supply chain integrated management system which can implement information integration and sharing among the node entities in drug supply chain network.
In the Chapter 4, the operating mode of drug supply chain based on customer demand driven and the framework of drug supply chain integrated management system are studied. For the former study, the meaning of“customer”in the drug supply chain is made clear, and based on it, the operating mode of drug supply chain based on customer demand driven is put forward and expounded, subsequently, the significance of customer demand driven in the application of drug supply chain management and as the backward position customer, which is top dog in the drug supply chain, what roles hospital plays on putting the drug supply chain management based on customer demand driven into action are qualitatively analyzed in theory. For the latter study, the Web Services technology is introduced, and it is used as the technology means for implement information integration among node entities in the drug supply chain, then the frameworks of information integration inside drug supply chain cell, among multi-cells and in the whole supply chain network are studied classifiedly. In the last, the function framework of the drug supply chain integrated management system is holisticly designed and every function module is described.
In the Chapter 5, the functions of applied examples are introduced from the point of view of application in practice. At the present time, there are 3 hospitals and 1 medicine company as the model users putting the system into practice, besides, The node entities that use this system also include all the medicine companies which supply the 3 model hospital users with drug. The primary application of this system among multi-node entities in drug supply chain successfully provides practical foundation and application platform for the further studies.
At last, the researches on this dissertation are summarized, and the researches that need to do further in the future are prospected.
在第一章中,作为本论文的总纲,主要介绍了本论文的选题背景、研究的目的和意义、国内外研究现状、主要研究内容及论文结构、研究方法以及本论文的创新之处。
在第二章中,首先对一般性的供应链及供应链网络的概念和内涵做了系统的理论解析,其中包括对供应链网络的五层次结构的详细阐述,并在此基础上,总结分析了一般性供应链的主要特点。此外,本章还回顾了前人对供应链管理概念的定义,并给出了本文对供应链管理的具体定义。最后,总结了供应链管理所体现的核心思想。本章旨在通过对一般性的供应链及供应链管理的理论解析,为后文对药品供应链的研究提供理论上的铺垫。
在第三章中,首先以药品的特殊性分析为切入点,并结合我国医药行业的实际情况,对我国药品市场的特性进行了阐述。其次,从我国药品供应链的网状结构模型和供应链中各节点经营主体的角色定位及其相互关系这两个角度分析了我国药品供应链的构造。然后,分析了我国现有药品供应链的运作模式,并就现有药品供应链的运作问题、产生运作问题的原因以及我国目前状况下药品监管方式的缺陷和困难展开了系统研究。最后,揭示了产生现有问题的两个深层次原因,并引出了解决问题的有效方案,即本文的研究重点——提出并探讨顾客需求驱动的药品供应链运作新模式以及研究开发能实现整个药品供应链网络各节点主体之间信息集成和共享的药品供应链集成管理系统。
在第四章中,主要对顾客需求驱动的药品供应链模式和药品供应链集成管理系统的框架分别展开了研究。在对前者的研究中,首先界定了药品供应链中“顾客”的涵义,再在此基础上提出并阐述了顾客需求驱动的药品供应链运作模式,随后,分别对顾客需求驱动在药品供应链管理应用中的意义和作为药品供应链中居于决定性主导地位的下游顾客——医院在顾客需求驱动的药品供应链管理应用中所起的作用从理论上作了定性的分析。在对后者的研究中,首先介绍Web Services技术,并以其作为实现药品供应链各节点经营主体之间信息集成的技术手段,分别对药品供应链单元内部、单元之间以及整个供应链网络的信息集成框架进行了分类研究,最后,从整体上设计了药品供应链集成管理系统的功能框架并对各功能模块进行了描述。
在第五章中,主要从应用实践的角度,介绍了本系统已经实现功能的应用实例。目前,应用实施本系统的典型用户单位已有三家医院和一家医药公司,此外,使用本系统的节点经营主体还包括给三家医院典型用户供货的所有医药公司,本系统在药品供应链中多个节点经营主体的成功初步应用为进一步的研究奠定了实践基础和应用平台。
最后,对本文所做的工作进行了总结,并对今后需要进一步研究的工作进行了展望。
With the rapid development of information technology and network technology, especially after our country entering into the WTO, the competitive environment in the field of drug circulation in our country has changed greatly, accordingly, the competitive form will also be turned from competing by enterprise against enterprise to competing by supply chain against supply chain. However, the management system and operating mode in our country’s medicine industry has been close for a long time, the information systems of node entities in forward and backward position of the durg supply chain are separated by a series of“information bulwarks”, the consecutive and expedite information flow has not been formed, which not only resulting in the drug node entities having to face increasing cost pressure and competitive pressure, but also bringing great difficulties to the governmental departments. In addition, the present operating mode of durg supply chain in our country is still based on suppliers’products or services-driven, which doesn’t conform to the present durg market environment dominated by buyers in our country, because such problems as low supply chain performance, slow response to durg market and customers’demands will appear in this mode. This dissertation aims at the realistic backgrounds aboved, introduces into the theories and means of supply chain management, and tries to solve the problems by theories and practice from the point of view of the whole drug supply chain. The dissertation is logically structured as summing up problems, analyzing the causes of problems, putting forward solving projects and validating the solving projects in practice.
Chapter 1 is the dissertation’s general compendium, the research background, the objective and significance,the research status quo in home and abroad, main research contents, research methods and the main innovations of this dissertation are introduced.
In the Chapter 2, firstly, the concept and connotation of general supply chain and supply chain network are systemically parsed in theory, including the five-hiberarchy of supply chain network, and then the main characteristics of general supply chain are summarized and analyzed. Furthermore, the definitions of supply chain management explained by other scholars are reviewed and the definition for this dissertation are put forward. Fially, the core ideas of supply chain management are summarized. The purpose of the general supply chain and supply chain management being parsed in theory in this chapter is to provide the theoretic preparative for study of drug supply chain in the following chapters.
In the Chapter 3, in the first, the analyses of drug’s particularities are taken as the breakthrough point, and on the basis of combining it with the facts in our country’s medicine industries, the specialities of our country’s drug market are expounded. Secondly, the structure of our country’s drug supply chain is analyzed from two points of view, namely the network structure model and the role orientation of every node entity and their relationships each other. Whereafter, the present operating mode of drug supply chain in our country is analyzed, and then the present operating problems, the causes for problems, the limitations and difficulties for drug supervising quomodo are systemically researched. Lastly, two underlying causes which bring about the present problems are opened out, and effective projects for solving problems are educed, viz. the research emphases of this dissertation: putting forward and probing into new operating mode of drug supply chain based on customer demand driven, researching and developing the drug supply chain integrated management system which can implement information integration and sharing among the node entities in drug supply chain network.
In the Chapter 4, the operating mode of drug supply chain based on customer demand driven and the framework of drug supply chain integrated management system are studied. For the former study, the meaning of“customer”in the drug supply chain is made clear, and based on it, the operating mode of drug supply chain based on customer demand driven is put forward and expounded, subsequently, the significance of customer demand driven in the application of drug supply chain management and as the backward position customer, which is top dog in the drug supply chain, what roles hospital plays on putting the drug supply chain management based on customer demand driven into action are qualitatively analyzed in theory. For the latter study, the Web Services technology is introduced, and it is used as the technology means for implement information integration among node entities in the drug supply chain, then the frameworks of information integration inside drug supply chain cell, among multi-cells and in the whole supply chain network are studied classifiedly. In the last, the function framework of the drug supply chain integrated management system is holisticly designed and every function module is described.
In the Chapter 5, the functions of applied examples are introduced from the point of view of application in practice. At the present time, there are 3 hospitals and 1 medicine company as the model users putting the system into practice, besides, The node entities that use this system also include all the medicine companies which supply the 3 model hospital users with drug. The primary application of this system among multi-node entities in drug supply chain successfully provides practical foundation and application platform for the further studies.
At last, the researches on this dissertation are summarized, and the researches that need to do further in the future are prospected.
引文
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