AB工艺A段污泥沉降性能、增殖规律及其处理低浓度城市污水效能研究
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摘要
本文分析了国内外AB工艺的研究现状，对A段活性污泥沉降性能的影响因素；A段的微生物增殖规律、活性污泥产量以及A段工艺处理低浓度城市污水等问题进行了试验研究，得出了以下结论：
（1）对A段活性污泥沉降性能影响因素的研究表明：进水中的SS对污泥沉降性能有明显的改善作用，如果进水中SS较少，易导致污泥膨胀；而腐化污水对活性污泥的沉降性能有显著的不良影响。试验结果表明：在污水处理厂取消初沉池，及修建住宅时取消化粪池，对污水处理厂的稳定运行有益。在A段，当负荷在0.3～4.0 kgBOD5/kgMLSS·d运行时，A段沉降性能无显著影响，尤其是在按教科书上的膨胀负荷段0.5～1.5kgBOD5/kgMLSS·d运行，均不会导致污泥膨胀；按A段方式运行，不论在微氧，还是在好氧条件下，都不会导致污泥膨胀。此外，当活性污泥发生膨胀时，按A段方式运行，很快就能恢复到正常状态。
（2）通过测定A段反应过程中脱氢酶的变化，对A段活性污泥中活菌数及其增长规律的研究表明：A段细菌的比生长速率为0.05921～0.08742h-1，世代时间为11.7～7.9 h。
（3）对A段剩余污泥的增长研究表明：虽然A段活性污泥中活细菌的数量较大，但是活细菌所占的质量比例却很小，只有4.03％～12.46％，A段产生的剩余活性污泥中，由于细菌增殖导致的份额很小，只有3.44％～11.0％ ,绝大部分污泥增长是由进水SS造成的，占96.56％～89.0％。这是AB工艺A段污泥产量大的真正原因。本文还推导出A段剩余活性污泥产量计算模式：
S=[0.037（COD进－COD出）+0.88（SS进－SS出）]×Q
（4）对A段处理低浓度城市污水研究表明：仅用AB工艺的A段处理低浓度城市污水取得良好的效果：当进水COD为170～288 mg/l，BOD5为67～137mg/l，SS为60～189mg/l，HRT为75～25min，NS为0.38～3.11 kgBOD5/kgMLSS·d时，出水的COD、BOD5、SS三指标完全达到国家一级排放标准。
本研究对活性污泥法污水厂的稳定运行及AB工艺的发展具有一定的指导意义。
The present research situation about AB process in and out of our country was analyzed in this paper. In addition to a concentrated study of the factors affecting sedimentation performance of A-step activated sludge, the rule of microbe multiplication, yield of activated sludge in A-step and treatment of low-concentration sewage were also involved in this paper. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) The study on factors affecting sedimentation performance of A-step activated sludge shown that the inflow SS distinctly improve sedimentation performance of activated sludge, the less influent SS makes the sludge bulking easy, and the pythogenous sewage evidently worsen sedimentation performance of activated sludge. The experimental results indicated as well that canceling primary sedimentation tank and cesspool when building houses would avail to stable running of sewage treatment plant. When loading rate Ns is 0.3～4.0 kgBOD5/kgMLSS·d in A-step , the sedimentation performance of A-step activated sludge do not change much, especially when Ns is 0.5～1.5 kgBOD5/kgMLSS·d (bulking Ns), the sludge bulking does not take place; the less or much oxygen does not result in sludge bulking. Besides, the bulking sludge will resume soon to the order when the process running in A-step mode.
(2) The alive bacterium number and rule of its multiplication were studied by determining the change of its dehydrogenase. The results shown that the growth velocity ratio of A-step bacteria is between 0.05921 and 0.08742h-1, and its generation period is between 11.7h and 7.9 h.
(3) The study on increase of A-step retential sludge indicated: the alive bacterium number of A-step activated sludge is obvious large, but the quality proportion of alive bacterium is quite small and it occupies 4.03％～12.46％. The share resulted from bacteria multiplication of A-step retential sludge is 3.44％～11.0％; the share resulted from influent SS is 96.56％～89.0％. This is the real cause that A-step sludge yield is large. The mode of A-step retential sludge yield is deduced in the paper:
S=[0.037（CODinflow－CODoutflow）+0.88（SSinflow －SSoutflow）]×Q
(4) The study indicated that a good treatment effect would be acquired by using A-step only to treat low concentration municipal wastewater. When influent COD 170～288 mg/l, BOD5 67～137mg/l，SS 60～189mg/l，HRT 75～25min，and NS 0.38～3.11 kgBOD5/kgMLSS·d，the effluent COD、BOD5 and SS would achieved the
requirement of level 1 of national wastewater discharge standard entirely
The study will benefit stable running of wasterwater treatment plant and development of AB process.
（1）对A段活性污泥沉降性能影响因素的研究表明：进水中的SS对污泥沉降性能有明显的改善作用，如果进水中SS较少，易导致污泥膨胀；而腐化污水对活性污泥的沉降性能有显著的不良影响。试验结果表明：在污水处理厂取消初沉池，及修建住宅时取消化粪池，对污水处理厂的稳定运行有益。在A段，当负荷在0.3～4.0 kgBOD5/kgMLSS·d运行时，A段沉降性能无显著影响，尤其是在按教科书上的膨胀负荷段0.5～1.5kgBOD5/kgMLSS·d运行，均不会导致污泥膨胀；按A段方式运行，不论在微氧，还是在好氧条件下，都不会导致污泥膨胀。此外，当活性污泥发生膨胀时，按A段方式运行，很快就能恢复到正常状态。
（2）通过测定A段反应过程中脱氢酶的变化，对A段活性污泥中活菌数及其增长规律的研究表明：A段细菌的比生长速率为0.05921～0.08742h-1，世代时间为11.7～7.9 h。
（3）对A段剩余污泥的增长研究表明：虽然A段活性污泥中活细菌的数量较大，但是活细菌所占的质量比例却很小，只有4.03％～12.46％，A段产生的剩余活性污泥中，由于细菌增殖导致的份额很小，只有3.44％～11.0％ ,绝大部分污泥增长是由进水SS造成的，占96.56％～89.0％。这是AB工艺A段污泥产量大的真正原因。本文还推导出A段剩余活性污泥产量计算模式：
S=[0.037（COD进－COD出）+0.88（SS进－SS出）]×Q
（4）对A段处理低浓度城市污水研究表明：仅用AB工艺的A段处理低浓度城市污水取得良好的效果：当进水COD为170～288 mg/l，BOD5为67～137mg/l，SS为60～189mg/l，HRT为75～25min，NS为0.38～3.11 kgBOD5/kgMLSS·d时，出水的COD、BOD5、SS三指标完全达到国家一级排放标准。
本研究对活性污泥法污水厂的稳定运行及AB工艺的发展具有一定的指导意义。
The present research situation about AB process in and out of our country was analyzed in this paper. In addition to a concentrated study of the factors affecting sedimentation performance of A-step activated sludge, the rule of microbe multiplication, yield of activated sludge in A-step and treatment of low-concentration sewage were also involved in this paper. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) The study on factors affecting sedimentation performance of A-step activated sludge shown that the inflow SS distinctly improve sedimentation performance of activated sludge, the less influent SS makes the sludge bulking easy, and the pythogenous sewage evidently worsen sedimentation performance of activated sludge. The experimental results indicated as well that canceling primary sedimentation tank and cesspool when building houses would avail to stable running of sewage treatment plant. When loading rate Ns is 0.3～4.0 kgBOD5/kgMLSS·d in A-step , the sedimentation performance of A-step activated sludge do not change much, especially when Ns is 0.5～1.5 kgBOD5/kgMLSS·d (bulking Ns), the sludge bulking does not take place; the less or much oxygen does not result in sludge bulking. Besides, the bulking sludge will resume soon to the order when the process running in A-step mode.
(2) The alive bacterium number and rule of its multiplication were studied by determining the change of its dehydrogenase. The results shown that the growth velocity ratio of A-step bacteria is between 0.05921 and 0.08742h-1, and its generation period is between 11.7h and 7.9 h.
(3) The study on increase of A-step retential sludge indicated: the alive bacterium number of A-step activated sludge is obvious large, but the quality proportion of alive bacterium is quite small and it occupies 4.03％～12.46％. The share resulted from bacteria multiplication of A-step retential sludge is 3.44％～11.0％; the share resulted from influent SS is 96.56％～89.0％. This is the real cause that A-step sludge yield is large. The mode of A-step retential sludge yield is deduced in the paper:
S=[0.037（CODinflow－CODoutflow）+0.88（SSinflow －SSoutflow）]×Q
(4) The study indicated that a good treatment effect would be acquired by using A-step only to treat low concentration municipal wastewater. When influent COD 170～288 mg/l, BOD5 67～137mg/l，SS 60～189mg/l，HRT 75～25min，and NS 0.38～3.11 kgBOD5/kgMLSS·d，the effluent COD、BOD5 and SS would achieved the
requirement of level 1 of national wastewater discharge standard entirely
The study will benefit stable running of wasterwater treatment plant and development of AB process.
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重庆大学硕士论文
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