用户名: 密码: 验证码:
三江平原井灌水稻灌溉制度建模及其优化研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本研究是中国博士后科学基金《三江平原井灌水稻节水增温灌溉管理决策支持系统》的一个子专题。研究通过系统的建模与优化,希望为三江平原农业及水资源的可持续发展提供理论依据。
     三江平原是我国重要的商品粮基地,近年来井灌水稻面积不断扩大,截止1998年底,已发展水稻面积近70万hm~2,其中井灌水稻约占80%。无节制、无计划人为超采地下水,致使地下水动态平衡遭到破坏、每年出现大量的“吊泵”和“漏斗”现象,地下水资源紧缺已成为其今后发展的制约因素。
     针对上述问题,本研究运用现代建模与优化技术,以三江平原富锦试区井灌水稻为研究对象,利用其田间实测及当地气象局资料,进行数据处理。根据《随机水文学》理论中的时间序列分析法,建立了适合三江平原井灌水稻需水量预报的非平稳时序随机模型;通过分析降雨随机特性,选定季节性时序随机模型,建立了适合三江平原井灌水稻降雨预报的月平均降雨模型;根据最小二乘法,计算出几种常用水分生产函数中的敏感指数及敏感系数,进而得到三江平原适宜采用的水分生产函数漠型及模型中敏感指数的变化规律;本文提出遗传动态规划法(RAGA—DP),即采用改进的基于实数编码的加速遗传算法(Real coding based Accelerating Genetic Algorithm,简称RAGA)与动态规划法(DPSA)相结合,推求非充分灌溉条件下三江平原井灌水稻的最优灌溉制度。优化的灌溉制度可用于指导在不同的缺水程度下如何在时间上定量分配水量,以使相对产量最大,减产损失最小。通过系统建模预测与优化研究,不仅可以给出科学灌水、用水的数量指标与数学模型,而且对稳定、提高三江平原粮食生产水平,缓解水资源紧缺状况都具有重要意义。
The content of the thesis is a part of "China Postdoctoral Science Fund" na COi na Pos on Irrigation Management DSS of Saving Water & Increasing Temperature for Well Irrigation Rice on Sanjiang Plain." Through building models and usin Trro ug hbui 1 d ng m the writer eager to provide some academic gist for the continuum development about agriculture and water resource.
    Sanjiang Plain is the most important base of commodity grain of China. The area under cultivation of well irrigation for rice has been expanding year after year of lately year. There are 0.7 million hm2 of rice area by the end of 1998. And nearly 80 percent are well irrigation. The homeostasis of groundwater resources has been destroyed because of exploiting by human without plan. More and more pumps can't work and the appearance of funnel has been arisen. So, the lacking of groundwater resources has been become the restricted factor for its development.
    Aim at the above problems, the writer uses the modern modeling and optimum technique to studying the well irrigation rice in Fujin Area in Sanjiang Plain. Through handling lots of testing data, the writer builds up the model of non-stable time series model to forecasting the well irrigation rice water requirement in Sanjiang Plain. At the same time, the author analyses the random characteristic of rainfall and selects the season time series model to forecasting the rainfall. According to the least twin multiplication to calculating the sensitivity index in several water production functions. Thus, the writer obtains the fitted the value of the sensitivity index and the varied rule. At the same time, the writer puts forward a new method named RAG A (Real coding based Accelerating Genetic Algorithm) and combines RAGA with DPSA to calculating the best irrigation system under the non-sufficient irrigation of well irrigation rice in Sanjiang Plain. The best irrigation system can instructs the best distributed water quantity and the irrigated time under the condition of lacking water. Thus, we can obtain the maximum relative yield and the least loss. Thus, through building models and optimization, we not only can provide the models that can instruct to irrigating, but also have the important significance to advancing the provision yield and handle the water resource crisis.
    Postgraduate: Wang Likun
    Supervisor: Liu Qinghua
    Major: Water and Soil of Agricultural Engineering
引文
[1] 付强.三江平原井灌水稻田间生产过程节水技术组装与综合优化研究[D].东北农业大学,哈尔滨市,2000.6:1~17
    [2] 付强,王立坤,梁川.GM(1,1)灰色模型在预测地下水位动态变化中的应用[J].农机化研究,2001,4:79~82
    [3] 水利电力部水文司.中国水资源评价[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1987
    [4] 中国科学院水问题联合研究中心刘昌明,何希吾等著.中国21世纪水问题方略[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:2~7
    [5] 李淑贤,吕纯波,王振刚.推广水稻节水灌溉促进农业可持续发展[J].中国农村水利水电,1998,1:16~17
    [6] 李远华.节水灌溉理论与技术[M].武汉:武汉水利电力大学出版社, 1999.1:1~7,57~58
    [7] 顾世祥,李远华,袁宏源.霍泉灌区作物需水量实时预报[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1998,31(1):37~41
    [8] 顾世祥,王士武,袁宏源.参考作物腾发量预测的径向基函数法[J].水科学进展,1999,10(2):123~128
    [9] 顾世祥,赛力克·加甫,李远东,袁宏源.有关灌溉制度设计的几个问题[J].黑龙江水专学报,2000,27(3):15~18
    [10] 邵爱军等.用水量均衡法确定腾发量[J].华北水利水电学院学报,1996,17(3):24~28
    [11] 高永胜,唐作林,孙胜起.高纬度水稻灌区节水型灌溉制度试验研究[J].黑龙江水专学报,1999,3:32~35
    [12] 李宝萍,刘增进,康迎宾.冬小麦最优灌溉制度的研究[J].华北水利水电学院学报,1999,20(3):9~12
    [13] 刘钰,J.L.Teixeira,L.S.Pereira.作物需水量与灌溉制度模拟[J].水利水电技术,1997,28(4):38~43
    [14] 段爱旺,孙景生,张寄阳.作物水分供需平衡中使用平均ETo的误差分析[J].灌溉排水,2000,19(3):12~15
    [15] 李远华,张明炷,谢礼贵.非充分灌溉条件下水稻需水量计算[J].水利学报,1995(2)
    [16] 崔远来,李远华,茆智.水稻水分生产函数变化规律研究[J].水利学报,1998(3)
    [17] 茆智,崔远来,李新建.我国南方水稻水分生产函数试验研究[J].水利学报,1994(9)
    [18] 李远华,崔远来,杨常武.漳河灌区实时灌溉预报研究[J].水科学进展,1997(1)
    [19] 崔远来,李远华,李新建.非充分灌溉条件下稻田优化灌溉制度的研究[J].水利学报,1995(10)
    [20] 崔远来,李远华,茆智.作物缺水条件下灌溉供水量最优分配[J].水利学报,1997(2)
    [21] 崔远来.非充分灌溉优化配水技术研究综述[J].灌溉排水,2000,19(1):66~70
    [22] 崔远来等.考虑ET_0频率影响的作物水分生产函数模型[J].水利学报,1998,3:48~51
    [23] 崔远来.非充分灌溉优化配水技术研究综述[J].灌溉排水,2000,19(1):66~70
    [24] Li Y H and Cui Y L. Real-time forecasting of irrigation water requirements of paddy fields.Agricultural Water Management,1996 Vol.31(3)
    
    
    [25] Li Y H and Parkes ME. Revised irrigation scheduling program user guide. D/N 65, SCAE, 1993
    [26] Mao Z. Forecast of crop evapotranspiration. ICID Bulletin 43(1),1994
    [27] Parkes M, Bailey R, Williams D and Li Y H. An irrigation scheduling model combing slow water changes. In: Crop-Water-Simulation Models in Practice. Wageningen Press, 1995
    [28] 康绍忠等.西北地区农业节水与水资源持续利用[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999.4:88~90
    [29] 康绍忠,张富仓,刘晓明.作物叶面蒸腾与棵间蒸发分摊系数的计算方法[J].水科学进展,1995,6(4):285~289
    [30] 康绍忠,刘晓明,田间小麦蒸腾量的计算方法[J].水科学进展,1995,3(4):
    [31] 张展羽,李寿声,何俊生,王言章,刘云华.非充分灌溉制度设计优化模型[J].水科学进展,1993,4(3):207~213
    [32] 彭世彰,边立明,朱成立.作物水分生长函数的研究与发展[J].水利水电科技进展,2000,20(1):17~20
    [33] 罗毅,杨诗秀,雷志栋.潜在腾发量的随机过程特性探讨[J].水科学进展,1998,9(4):338~344
    [34] 罗毅,雷志栋,杨诗秀.潜在腾发量的季节性变化趋势及概率分布特性研究[J].水科学进展,1997,8(4):308~312
    [35] 郭群善,雷志栋,杨诗秀.冬小麦水分生产函数Jensen模型敏感指数的研究[J].水科学进展,1996,7(1):20~25
    [36] 肖素君,杨立彬,侯传河.井渠结合灌区用水预报研究[J].人民黄河,1998,20(11):27~29
    [37] 朱庭芸.水稻灌溉的理论与技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998.10:66~68,196~198
    [38] Rao N et al. Irrigation scheduling under a limited water. Agricultural Water Management, Vol. 15(2), 1998
    [39] Rao N, Sarma P and Chander S. A simple dated water production function for use in irrigated agriculture. Agricultural Water Management, Vol. 13(1), 1988
    [40] Rao N et al. Real-time adaptive irrigation scheduling under a limited water supply. Agriculture Water Management, Vol. 20(4), 1992
    [41] Jensen ME and Wright JL. The role of evapotranspiration models in irrigation scheduling[J]. ASAE. Vol. 21(1),1978
    [42] Hillel D. Crop water production functions. Advance in Irrigation. Vol. 2,1983.61~69
    [43] 孙连举,柳遇春.黑龙江农业综合开发文集(1988~1996)[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江教育出版社,1996.10
    [44] 郭元裕.农田水利学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1992.11:28~34
    [45] 汪志农.灌溉排水工程学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.5:21~45
    [46] 丁晶,邓育仁.随机水文学[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1988.11
    [47] 丁裕国,江志红.气象数据时间序列信号处理[M].北京:气象出版社,1998.1:32~37
    [48] 王振龙.时间序列分析[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2000.2
    [49] 杨叔子,吴雅.时间序列分析的工程应用(上册)[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1996.5
    [50] 杨叔子,吴雅.时间序列分析的工程应用(下册)[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1996.5
    [51] 金菊良,丁晶.遗传算法及其在水科学中的应用[M].成都:四川大学出版社.2000.8
    
    
    [52] 周明,孙树栋.遗传算法原理及其应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社.2000.4,4~7,37~38
    [53] 现代数学手册(计算机数学卷)[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社.2001.2,682~691
    [54] 郭元裕,李寿声.灌排工程最优规划与管理.[M]北京:水利电力出版社,1994.10
    [55] 王志良,付强.非充分灌溉下作物优化灌溉制度仿真[J].农机化研究,2001,11(4):82~85
    [56] 王一凡,周毓珩.北方节水稻作[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社.2000.6,128~129
    [57] 王立坤,付强,梁川.季节性周期预测法在建立降雨预报模型中的应用[J].东北农业大学学报,2002,3(1)
    [58] 水利部农村水利司,中国灌排技术开发培训中心.水土资源评价与节水灌溉规划[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.2000.5,59~65
    [59] 水利部农村水利司,中国灌溉排水技术开发培训中心.水稻节水灌溉技术.[M]北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000.5

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700