胶州湾小型浮游动物群落特征的初步研究
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摘要
2000年12月——2001年12月，作者对胶州湾小型浮游动物(20—200μm)的群落特征进行了初步研究。主要结果如下：
1、胶州湾小型浮游动物的主要种类有：百乐拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis beroidea)、直颈拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis directa)、罗氏拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis lohmanni)、短颈拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis brevicollis)、尖顶拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis apena)、根突拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis radix)、T．urnula、T．kofoidi、诺氏薄铃虫(Leprotintinnus nordqvisti)、类铃虫(Codonellopsis sp．)、细壳虫(Stenosemella sp．)、钟形网纹虫(Favella campanula)、尖底类瓮虫(Amphorellopsis acuta)、勃兰氏瓮虫(Amphorella brandti)、长形旋口虫(Helicostomella longa)、异尾轮虫(Trichocerca sp．)、疣毛轮虫(Synchaeta sp．)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)、住囊虫(Oikopleura sp．)、桡足类无节幼体、多毛类幼体等。其中，百乐拟铃虫、T．urnula、短颈拟铃虫和桡足类无节幼体为主要优势种。
2、胶州湾小型浮游动物以暖温带近岸、河口低盐种为主，广温广盐种较少，尚未发现冷水种、外海高盐种和热带暖水种。
3、在不同采样站，小型浮游动物丰度差异明显，湾内较高，湾口和湾外较低，年平均最高和最低密度出现于3号站和10号站，分别为346.45个／升和55.54个／升不同水层，小型浮游动物丰度差异不明显。调查期间，小型浮游动物丰度的季节差异明显，2月(300.32个／升)和5月(324.17个／升)的平均密度明显高于8月(99.06个／升)和11月(88.71个／升)。
4、在胶州湾近岸水域，小型浮游动物的平均丰度按大沽河、红岛、海泊河、团岛、黄岛、航校的顺序依次递减，分别为997.49个／升、677.26个／升、425.44个／升、293.95个／升、283.70个／升和107.23个／升。
5、在航校昼夜监测站，小型浮游动物的平均丰度以傍晚最高，其次是黎明和正午，午夜时密度最低，分别为154.91个／升、146.63个／升、93.09个／升和77.31个／升。
6、胶州湾小型浮游动物以原生动物和无节幼体为主，两者共占小型浮游动物总数的90％
以上。
7、与世界其它海湾水域相比，胶州湾小型浮游动物的总平均丰度和砂壳纤毛虫的丰度，
处丁中等水乎。
The community characteristics of microzooplankton in Jiaozhou Bay was studied by field investigations from December 2000 toDecember 2001. The main results are as follows:
1 The main species consisted of Tintinnopsis beroide, T. directa, T. lohmanni, T. brevicollis, T. aperta, T. radix, T. urnula, T. kofoidi, Leprotintinnus nordqvisti, Codonellopsis sp., Stenosemella sp., Favella campanula, Amphorellopsis acuta, Amphorella brandti, Helicostomella longa, Trichocerca sp., Synchaeta sp., Paracalanus parvus and Oikopleura sp, including as well copepod nauplius and larvae of polychaeta. Among them, Tintinnopsis beroide, T. urnula, T. brevicollis and copepod nauplius were dominant.
2 Microzooplankton of Jiaozhou Bay were composed chiefly of neritic warm-temperate and estuarine low-salinity species. Eurythermic and euryhaline species were sparse. Cold-water, oceanic hypersaline and tropical warm-water species were not found during the study period.
3 Abundance of microzooplankton hi Jiaozhou Bay varied significantly among sampling stations during the survey period. In general, high densities of microzooplankton appeared in water bodies of the inner bay, low densities were recorded at estuary and outer part of the bay. The highest annual average densities was recorded at Station 3 ( 346.45 ind./L), the lowest at Station 10 (55.54 ind./L). Abundance differences of microzooplankton hi different water layers were not evident. Mean densities of microzooplankton were higher markedly in February (300.32 ind./L) and May (324.17 ind./L) than that hi August (99.06 ind./L) and November (88.71 ind./L).
4 In coastal waters of Jiaozhou bay, annual average densities of microzooplankton decreased hi the order of sampling sites of Daguhe Estuary (997.49 ind./L), Hongdao (677.26 ind./L), Haibohe Estuary (425.44 ind./L ), Tuandao (293.95 ind./L), Huangdao (283.7 ind./L) and Nautical School (107.23 ind./L).
5 At the Nautical School Sampling Station (24 hour monitoring station), the highest average density of microzooplankton was recorded at sunset (154.91 ind./L), successively, at sunrise (146.63 ind./L) and noon (93.09 ind./L), the lowest was at midnight (77.31 ind./L).
6 Protozoa and copepod nauplius were the most dominant groups , comprising more than 90% of the total abundance of microzooplankton.
7 In comparison with other gulf waters in the world, densities of microzooplankton and loricate ciliates in Jiaozhou Bay were at intermediate level.
1、胶州湾小型浮游动物的主要种类有：百乐拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis beroidea)、直颈拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis directa)、罗氏拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis lohmanni)、短颈拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis brevicollis)、尖顶拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis apena)、根突拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis radix)、T．urnula、T．kofoidi、诺氏薄铃虫(Leprotintinnus nordqvisti)、类铃虫(Codonellopsis sp．)、细壳虫(Stenosemella sp．)、钟形网纹虫(Favella campanula)、尖底类瓮虫(Amphorellopsis acuta)、勃兰氏瓮虫(Amphorella brandti)、长形旋口虫(Helicostomella longa)、异尾轮虫(Trichocerca sp．)、疣毛轮虫(Synchaeta sp．)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)、住囊虫(Oikopleura sp．)、桡足类无节幼体、多毛类幼体等。其中，百乐拟铃虫、T．urnula、短颈拟铃虫和桡足类无节幼体为主要优势种。
2、胶州湾小型浮游动物以暖温带近岸、河口低盐种为主，广温广盐种较少，尚未发现冷水种、外海高盐种和热带暖水种。
3、在不同采样站，小型浮游动物丰度差异明显，湾内较高，湾口和湾外较低，年平均最高和最低密度出现于3号站和10号站，分别为346.45个／升和55.54个／升不同水层，小型浮游动物丰度差异不明显。调查期间，小型浮游动物丰度的季节差异明显，2月(300.32个／升)和5月(324.17个／升)的平均密度明显高于8月(99.06个／升)和11月(88.71个／升)。
4、在胶州湾近岸水域，小型浮游动物的平均丰度按大沽河、红岛、海泊河、团岛、黄岛、航校的顺序依次递减，分别为997.49个／升、677.26个／升、425.44个／升、293.95个／升、283.70个／升和107.23个／升。
5、在航校昼夜监测站，小型浮游动物的平均丰度以傍晚最高，其次是黎明和正午，午夜时密度最低，分别为154.91个／升、146.63个／升、93.09个／升和77.31个／升。
6、胶州湾小型浮游动物以原生动物和无节幼体为主，两者共占小型浮游动物总数的90％
以上。
7、与世界其它海湾水域相比，胶州湾小型浮游动物的总平均丰度和砂壳纤毛虫的丰度，
处丁中等水乎。
The community characteristics of microzooplankton in Jiaozhou Bay was studied by field investigations from December 2000 toDecember 2001. The main results are as follows:
1 The main species consisted of Tintinnopsis beroide, T. directa, T. lohmanni, T. brevicollis, T. aperta, T. radix, T. urnula, T. kofoidi, Leprotintinnus nordqvisti, Codonellopsis sp., Stenosemella sp., Favella campanula, Amphorellopsis acuta, Amphorella brandti, Helicostomella longa, Trichocerca sp., Synchaeta sp., Paracalanus parvus and Oikopleura sp, including as well copepod nauplius and larvae of polychaeta. Among them, Tintinnopsis beroide, T. urnula, T. brevicollis and copepod nauplius were dominant.
2 Microzooplankton of Jiaozhou Bay were composed chiefly of neritic warm-temperate and estuarine low-salinity species. Eurythermic and euryhaline species were sparse. Cold-water, oceanic hypersaline and tropical warm-water species were not found during the study period.
3 Abundance of microzooplankton hi Jiaozhou Bay varied significantly among sampling stations during the survey period. In general, high densities of microzooplankton appeared in water bodies of the inner bay, low densities were recorded at estuary and outer part of the bay. The highest annual average densities was recorded at Station 3 ( 346.45 ind./L), the lowest at Station 10 (55.54 ind./L). Abundance differences of microzooplankton hi different water layers were not evident. Mean densities of microzooplankton were higher markedly in February (300.32 ind./L) and May (324.17 ind./L) than that hi August (99.06 ind./L) and November (88.71 ind./L).
4 In coastal waters of Jiaozhou bay, annual average densities of microzooplankton decreased hi the order of sampling sites of Daguhe Estuary (997.49 ind./L), Hongdao (677.26 ind./L), Haibohe Estuary (425.44 ind./L ), Tuandao (293.95 ind./L), Huangdao (283.7 ind./L) and Nautical School (107.23 ind./L).
5 At the Nautical School Sampling Station (24 hour monitoring station), the highest average density of microzooplankton was recorded at sunset (154.91 ind./L), successively, at sunrise (146.63 ind./L) and noon (93.09 ind./L), the lowest was at midnight (77.31 ind./L).
6 Protozoa and copepod nauplius were the most dominant groups , comprising more than 90% of the total abundance of microzooplankton.
7 In comparison with other gulf waters in the world, densities of microzooplankton and loricate ciliates in Jiaozhou Bay were at intermediate level.
引文
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