基于XML技术的分布式现场总线远程监控系统的设计
摘要
目前，现场总线技术在自动化，智能楼宇领域得到迅速推广和应用。现场总线技术改变了CMIS/CIPS系统最底层的生产现场控制网络结构，构建了高性能的分布式智能化监控系统。
在现场总线技术迅速发展的同时，Internet技术的使用和迅速发展使得企业网—现场总线网的两级构架已经越来越受到Web技术的冲击，传统的基于OPC技术的现场总线监控系统已经不能满足系统的动态变化和扩展的要求，基于Internet的远程监控系统实现技术的研究，受到了国内外学者和工程技术人员的密切关注和重视。
本文针对现场总线远程监控的要求，在微软的Windows分布式Internet结构开发模型基础上，结合XML和SOAP分布式组件模式技术，提出了一种新的分布式现场总线远程监控系统框架体系结构，并对整个体系做了详细的系统设计。
本文的主要内容如下：
1)系统的介绍了计算机监控系统的特点及其发展过程。全面、系统地概述了现场总线控制系统(FCS)和基于OPC技术的现场总线监控系统的优点，同时指出了基于OPC技术的现场总线监控系统存在的若干问题，为本论文指明了主要的研究方向。
2)针对现场总线远程监控的要求，在微软的Windows分布式Internet结构开发模型基础上，结合XML和SOAP分布式组件模式技术，提出了一种新的分布式现场总线远程监控系统框架体系结构。同时简要介绍了实现分布式现场总线远程监控系统所需的技术。
3)对这个体系结构进行详细的系统设计。采用了UML统一建模方法设计现场总线监控系统数据库的设计；采用ADO数据访问技术开发了数据访问中间件；详细分析了业务层的功能规则和业务层组件的设计。摒弃了传统的DCOM通信机制，采用了基于XML的分布式数据交换机制和基于SOAP协议的组件通信机制，解决了传统监控系统所存在的问题；详细设
计了现场总线监控系统表现层。
最后对全文进行了概括性总结，并指出了其他有待深入研究的问题和今后工
作的重点。
Currently, fieldbus technology is widely generalized and adopted in many fields such as automation systems, Intelligence-buildings. This new technology changes the structure of manufacture control network, which is the base-level of CMIS/CIPS system. And we can design distributed and intelligent supervise system with high-performance based on the fieldbus technology.
Web-related technology is also quickly developed and adopted with the development of fieldbus. Its application changes the conventional framework of automation system, two-level structure of enterprise network and fieldbus network. Remote system management becomes more important because of huge amount of process and configuration data and more than one operating system or hardware platform in large enterprises. Conventional fieldbus supervise system based on OPC technology can't satisfy the dynamic change of system and requirement of expanding. Many scholars and engineering technician at home and abroad pay high attention and are engaged in the research focused on remote fieldbus supervise system based on internet-related technology.
According to the requirement of fieldbus remote supervise system, we proposed a new framework of distributed fieldbus remote supervise system based on the Microsoft DNA developing model, which adopted the XML and SOAP technology as communication mechanism of distributed components. And furthermore, we analyses and designs the system framework in detail.
The main content of this thesis is as follows:
1. Firstly, we make an overview on the characteristics and history of computer supervisory control system. We introduce the fieldbus control system and the advantage of fieldbus supervisory system based on OPC in detail. And we also make a discussion on some problems on applicating OPC technology into remote supervising,which will be settled in this thesis.
2. According to the requirement of fieldbus remote supervise system, we proposed a new framework of distributed fieldbus remote supervise system based on the Microsoft DNA developing model,which adopted the XML and SOAP technology as communication mechanism of distributed components. And we introduce the computer-technology that will be applied in the new framework briefly.
3. In the thesis, we analyse and design the system framework in detail. We provide unified modeling method for the relation database design. We adopted the ADO to design the data access components. We analyze the function operation of
system and design the function-level components in detail. We discard the conventional communication mechanism ,DCOM protocol, and adopt distributed data exchange mechanism based on XML and distributed components communication mechanism based on SOAP protocol. Final we design the use-interface of fieldbus remote supervisory system. Finally, we make a conclusion and propose the future research directions.
在现场总线技术迅速发展的同时，Internet技术的使用和迅速发展使得企业网—现场总线网的两级构架已经越来越受到Web技术的冲击，传统的基于OPC技术的现场总线监控系统已经不能满足系统的动态变化和扩展的要求，基于Internet的远程监控系统实现技术的研究，受到了国内外学者和工程技术人员的密切关注和重视。
本文针对现场总线远程监控的要求，在微软的Windows分布式Internet结构开发模型基础上，结合XML和SOAP分布式组件模式技术，提出了一种新的分布式现场总线远程监控系统框架体系结构，并对整个体系做了详细的系统设计。
本文的主要内容如下：
1)系统的介绍了计算机监控系统的特点及其发展过程。全面、系统地概述了现场总线控制系统(FCS)和基于OPC技术的现场总线监控系统的优点，同时指出了基于OPC技术的现场总线监控系统存在的若干问题，为本论文指明了主要的研究方向。
2)针对现场总线远程监控的要求，在微软的Windows分布式Internet结构开发模型基础上，结合XML和SOAP分布式组件模式技术，提出了一种新的分布式现场总线远程监控系统框架体系结构。同时简要介绍了实现分布式现场总线远程监控系统所需的技术。
3)对这个体系结构进行详细的系统设计。采用了UML统一建模方法设计现场总线监控系统数据库的设计；采用ADO数据访问技术开发了数据访问中间件；详细分析了业务层的功能规则和业务层组件的设计。摒弃了传统的DCOM通信机制，采用了基于XML的分布式数据交换机制和基于SOAP协议的组件通信机制，解决了传统监控系统所存在的问题；详细设
计了现场总线监控系统表现层。
最后对全文进行了概括性总结，并指出了其他有待深入研究的问题和今后工
作的重点。
Currently, fieldbus technology is widely generalized and adopted in many fields such as automation systems, Intelligence-buildings. This new technology changes the structure of manufacture control network, which is the base-level of CMIS/CIPS system. And we can design distributed and intelligent supervise system with high-performance based on the fieldbus technology.
Web-related technology is also quickly developed and adopted with the development of fieldbus. Its application changes the conventional framework of automation system, two-level structure of enterprise network and fieldbus network. Remote system management becomes more important because of huge amount of process and configuration data and more than one operating system or hardware platform in large enterprises. Conventional fieldbus supervise system based on OPC technology can't satisfy the dynamic change of system and requirement of expanding. Many scholars and engineering technician at home and abroad pay high attention and are engaged in the research focused on remote fieldbus supervise system based on internet-related technology.
According to the requirement of fieldbus remote supervise system, we proposed a new framework of distributed fieldbus remote supervise system based on the Microsoft DNA developing model, which adopted the XML and SOAP technology as communication mechanism of distributed components. And furthermore, we analyses and designs the system framework in detail.
The main content of this thesis is as follows:
1. Firstly, we make an overview on the characteristics and history of computer supervisory control system. We introduce the fieldbus control system and the advantage of fieldbus supervisory system based on OPC in detail. And we also make a discussion on some problems on applicating OPC technology into remote supervising,which will be settled in this thesis.
2. According to the requirement of fieldbus remote supervise system, we proposed a new framework of distributed fieldbus remote supervise system based on the Microsoft DNA developing model,which adopted the XML and SOAP technology as communication mechanism of distributed components. And we introduce the computer-technology that will be applied in the new framework briefly.
3. In the thesis, we analyse and design the system framework in detail. We provide unified modeling method for the relation database design. We adopted the ADO to design the data access components. We analyze the function operation of
system and design the function-level components in detail. We discard the conventional communication mechanism ,DCOM protocol, and adopt distributed data exchange mechanism based on XML and distributed components communication mechanism based on SOAP protocol. Final we design the use-interface of fieldbus remote supervisory system. Finally, we make a conclusion and propose the future research directions.
引文
[1]. Dmowski A, Drakiewicz J, Bugyi R.Remote supervisory systems for power-electronics devices. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 1996, Vol.2, P1017-1020.
[2]. Garcia H E, Ray A, Edwards R M. A reconfigurable hybrid supervisory system for process control. Proceedings of the 33rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 1994, Vol.3, P3131-3136.
[3]．张丹平，余海涛．基于RS—485的楼宇智能监控系统的设计．工业控制计算机，2001，Vol．14，No．6，P21-22．
[4]．陈晓红，关志超．智能化楼宇METASYS中央监控系统的设计与应用．武汉交通科技大学学报，1997，Vol．21，No．5，P552-557．
[5]. Gaushell D J, Block W R.SCADA communication techniques and standards. IEEE Computer Applications in Power, 1993, Vol.6, No.3, P45-50.
[6]．王树清，赵鹏程．集散型计算机控制系统(DCS)．浙江大学出版社，1994．
[7]. Lin Z H, Yu J S. The Design of SCADA based on Industrial Ethernet. Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, 2002, P2786-2789.
[8]. Qiu B, Gooi H B, Liu Y L, Chan E K. Internet-based SCADA display system IEEE Computer Applications in Power, 2002, Vol.15, P14-19.
[9]. Qiu B, Gooi H B. Web-based SCADA display systems (WSDS) for access via Internet. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2000, Vol.15, P681-686.
[10]. Ackerman W J, Block W R. Understanding supervisory systems. IEEE Computer Applications in Power, 2000, P37-40.
[11]．瓮志成．现场总线控制系统．基础自动化，1997，No．6，P1-4．
[12]．佟为明，张东中．现场总线概述．低压电器，2002，Vol．4，P34-39．
[13]．阳宪惠．现场总线技术及其应用．清华大学出版社，1999．
[14]．郝晓弘，马向华．论现场总线控制系统．自动化与仪表，2001，Vol．16，No．3，P1-5．
[15]．侯春生，袁爱进．实时监控系统中的新技术-OPC 标准．自动化与仪表，2002，Vol．17，No．4，P5-7．
[16]．徐月华．现代工业控制软件标准——OPC研究．微计算机信息，2002，Vol．18，
No．10，P67-68．
[17]．何虹，谭永东．基于OPC的开放分布式监控系统的研究与实现．微电脑世界，1997，No．10，P67-69．
[18]. Wollschlaeger M.Mapping of Fieldbus Components to WWW based Management Solutions. FeT'99 Fieldbus Technology, 1999, P23-24.
[19]. Laine T.Internet technologies and fieldbus. Proceedings "Productivity and Flexibility" ISA TECH, 1999, P05-07.
[20]. Wollschlaeger M.A Framework for Fieldbus Management Using XML Description. 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems, 2000, P3-10.
[21]. Dieter B, Wolfgang K.Remote Fieldbus System Management with Java and XML. International Symposium On Industrial Electronics, 2000, P1-6.
[22]．Sundblad S, Sundblad P.windows DNA 可扩展设计．机械工业出版社，2001．
[23]．Eddon G, Eddon H.Inside COM+ Base Services 组件编程技术内幕．北京希望电子出版社，2000．
[24]. Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Second Edition). W3C Recommendation 6 October 2000, http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml
[25]. XML Schema Part 0: Primer. W3C Recommendation, 2 May 2001, http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0/.
[26]. XML Schema Part 1: Structures. W3C Recommendation 2 May 2001, http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/.
[27]. XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes. W3C Recommendation 02 May 2001 http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/.
[28]. Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Views Specification Version 1.0. W3C Recommendation 13 November, 2000. http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Views
[29]. Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Core Specification Version 1.0. W3C Recommendation 13 November, 2000. http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Core.
[30]. SOAP Version 1.2 Part 0: Primer. W3C Candidate Recommendation 19 December 2002. http://www.w3.org/TR/soap12-part0.
[31]. SOAP Version 1.2 Part 1: Messaging Framework. W3C Candidate Recommendation 19 December 2002. http://www.w3.org/TR/soap12-part1
[32]. SOAP Version 1.2 Part 2: Adjuncts. W3C Candidate Recommendation 19 December 2002. http://www.w3.org/TP/soap12-part2.
[33]．王珊，陈红．数据库系统原理教程．清华大学出版社，1998．
[34]．Rumbaugh J, Jacobson I, Booch G.. UML参考手册．机械工业出版社，2001．
[35]．HARNEDY S.简单网络管理协议教程(第二版)．电子工业出版社，1999．
[36]．Sceppa D.ADO编程技术．清华大学出版社，2001．
[37]．涂荣军，陶俊才，徐鹏飞．Rational统一过程中的Use Case业务建模．计算机与现代化，2002，No．6，P41-43．
[38]．梁英，王琰．启发式的网络拓扑图生成算法的构造及实现．沈阳工业学院学报，2002，Vol．21，No．1，P76-80．
[39]．田小鹏，白英彩．基于MIB的网络性能分析与故障诊断．软件学报增刊，1996，P416-421．
[40]．Fisher-Rosemount. AMS设备管理系统．Fisher-Rosemount公司产品资料．
[41]．Didier M.XML高级编程．机械工业出版社，2001．
[42]．SQLXML 3.0 Service Pack1. Microsoft Corporation, 2002.
[43]．XML Path Language(XPath)Version 1.0. W3C Recommendation 16 November 1999. http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath.
[44]．余枝强，薛云皎．网络服务与简单对象访问协议．计算机工程与设计，2002，Vol．23，No．3，P30-34．
[45]．Web Services Description Language(WSDL) Version 1.2. W3C Working Draft 9 July 2002. http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl12.
[46]．Web Services Description Language(WSDL) Version 1.2: Bindings. W3C Working Draft 9July 2002. http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl12-bindings.
[47]．于玲，张淑娟．用DCOM实现并行与分布式计算．黑龙江大学自然科学学报，2002，Vol．19，No．2，P58-61．
[48]．鲁芹，吴娴．DCOM实现分布式应用．山东轻工业学院学报：自然科学版，2002，Vol．16，No．1，P55-60．
[2]. Garcia H E, Ray A, Edwards R M. A reconfigurable hybrid supervisory system for process control. Proceedings of the 33rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 1994, Vol.3, P3131-3136.
[3]．张丹平，余海涛．基于RS—485的楼宇智能监控系统的设计．工业控制计算机，2001，Vol．14，No．6，P21-22．
[4]．陈晓红，关志超．智能化楼宇METASYS中央监控系统的设计与应用．武汉交通科技大学学报，1997，Vol．21，No．5，P552-557．
[5]. Gaushell D J, Block W R.SCADA communication techniques and standards. IEEE Computer Applications in Power, 1993, Vol.6, No.3, P45-50.
[6]．王树清，赵鹏程．集散型计算机控制系统(DCS)．浙江大学出版社，1994．
[7]. Lin Z H, Yu J S. The Design of SCADA based on Industrial Ethernet. Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, 2002, P2786-2789.
[8]. Qiu B, Gooi H B, Liu Y L, Chan E K. Internet-based SCADA display system IEEE Computer Applications in Power, 2002, Vol.15, P14-19.
[9]. Qiu B, Gooi H B. Web-based SCADA display systems (WSDS) for access via Internet. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2000, Vol.15, P681-686.
[10]. Ackerman W J, Block W R. Understanding supervisory systems. IEEE Computer Applications in Power, 2000, P37-40.
[11]．瓮志成．现场总线控制系统．基础自动化，1997，No．6，P1-4．
[12]．佟为明，张东中．现场总线概述．低压电器，2002，Vol．4，P34-39．
[13]．阳宪惠．现场总线技术及其应用．清华大学出版社，1999．
[14]．郝晓弘，马向华．论现场总线控制系统．自动化与仪表，2001，Vol．16，No．3，P1-5．
[15]．侯春生，袁爱进．实时监控系统中的新技术-OPC 标准．自动化与仪表，2002，Vol．17，No．4，P5-7．
[16]．徐月华．现代工业控制软件标准——OPC研究．微计算机信息，2002，Vol．18，
No．10，P67-68．
[17]．何虹，谭永东．基于OPC的开放分布式监控系统的研究与实现．微电脑世界，1997，No．10，P67-69．
[18]. Wollschlaeger M.Mapping of Fieldbus Components to WWW based Management Solutions. FeT'99 Fieldbus Technology, 1999, P23-24.
[19]. Laine T.Internet technologies and fieldbus. Proceedings "Productivity and Flexibility" ISA TECH, 1999, P05-07.
[20]. Wollschlaeger M.A Framework for Fieldbus Management Using XML Description. 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems, 2000, P3-10.
[21]. Dieter B, Wolfgang K.Remote Fieldbus System Management with Java and XML. International Symposium On Industrial Electronics, 2000, P1-6.
[22]．Sundblad S, Sundblad P.windows DNA 可扩展设计．机械工业出版社，2001．
[23]．Eddon G, Eddon H.Inside COM+ Base Services 组件编程技术内幕．北京希望电子出版社，2000．
[24]. Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Second Edition). W3C Recommendation 6 October 2000, http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml
[25]. XML Schema Part 0: Primer. W3C Recommendation, 2 May 2001, http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0/.
[26]. XML Schema Part 1: Structures. W3C Recommendation 2 May 2001, http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/.
[27]. XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes. W3C Recommendation 02 May 2001 http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/.
[28]. Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Views Specification Version 1.0. W3C Recommendation 13 November, 2000. http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Views
[29]. Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Core Specification Version 1.0. W3C Recommendation 13 November, 2000. http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Core.
[30]. SOAP Version 1.2 Part 0: Primer. W3C Candidate Recommendation 19 December 2002. http://www.w3.org/TR/soap12-part0.
[31]. SOAP Version 1.2 Part 1: Messaging Framework. W3C Candidate Recommendation 19 December 2002. http://www.w3.org/TR/soap12-part1
[32]. SOAP Version 1.2 Part 2: Adjuncts. W3C Candidate Recommendation 19 December 2002. http://www.w3.org/TP/soap12-part2.
[33]．王珊，陈红．数据库系统原理教程．清华大学出版社，1998．
[34]．Rumbaugh J, Jacobson I, Booch G.. UML参考手册．机械工业出版社，2001．
[35]．HARNEDY S.简单网络管理协议教程(第二版)．电子工业出版社，1999．
[36]．Sceppa D.ADO编程技术．清华大学出版社，2001．
[37]．涂荣军，陶俊才，徐鹏飞．Rational统一过程中的Use Case业务建模．计算机与现代化，2002，No．6，P41-43．
[38]．梁英，王琰．启发式的网络拓扑图生成算法的构造及实现．沈阳工业学院学报，2002，Vol．21，No．1，P76-80．
[39]．田小鹏，白英彩．基于MIB的网络性能分析与故障诊断．软件学报增刊，1996，P416-421．
[40]．Fisher-Rosemount. AMS设备管理系统．Fisher-Rosemount公司产品资料．
[41]．Didier M.XML高级编程．机械工业出版社，2001．
[42]．SQLXML 3.0 Service Pack1. Microsoft Corporation, 2002.
[43]．XML Path Language(XPath)Version 1.0. W3C Recommendation 16 November 1999. http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath.
[44]．余枝强，薛云皎．网络服务与简单对象访问协议．计算机工程与设计，2002，Vol．23，No．3，P30-34．
[45]．Web Services Description Language(WSDL) Version 1.2. W3C Working Draft 9 July 2002. http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl12.
[46]．Web Services Description Language(WSDL) Version 1.2: Bindings. W3C Working Draft 9July 2002. http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl12-bindings.
[47]．于玲，张淑娟．用DCOM实现并行与分布式计算．黑龙江大学自然科学学报，2002，Vol．19，No．2，P58-61．
[48]．鲁芹，吴娴．DCOM实现分布式应用．山东轻工业学院学报：自然科学版，2002，Vol．16，No．1，P55-60．
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