聚合物驱地层堵塞机理与解堵可行性研究
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摘要
在石油开采过程中，经常采用注水采油来提高采收率，往往为了进一步增加产量，在注入水中添加表面活性剂或聚合物，进行向油层注入非常规物质开采石油。本文详细阐述了三次采油的机理和目前有关的现状，分析了聚合物驱油方面的研究，但聚合物通过化学吸附和机械捕集在多孔介质内发生滞留，造成孔道过流断面减小，液流阻力增加引起注聚井的地层堵塞。评述了目前国内外采用的各种解堵增注技术。针对大庆油田采油六厂聚驱实验井发现注入压力增加，地层发生堵塞，严重影响了生产的现象，对该聚驱井的堵塞返排物的固体和悬浮物含量进行分析，同时在室内采用仪器分析和化学分析方法对返排物进行固相分析及堵塞物胶团结构分布和胶核成分进行分析，并与普通水井水体进行对比分析研究。结果表明，堵塞物的主要组成成分是聚丙酰胺、硫化物、粘土与机械杂质，胶核成份主要是硫化物、氧化铁、油和粘土等成分，外面缠绕聚丙酰胺。然后再进一步在地层条件下进行配伍模拟实验，验证了在地层堵塞物中硫化亚铁和聚丙酰胺起着决定性作用，在地层条件下，才能有悬浮物或絮状沉淀，即生成堵塞物。分析地层堵塞的因素，用各种氧化剂对其解堵实验，以选择更加合适的解堵剂，从而提出二氧化氯是最佳的解堵剂，其与盐酸处理结合的新工艺，是行之有效的解堵方法。
During the oil production, injected water is frequently used to enhance oil recovery. In order to increase further the rate of production, non-conventional materials are introduced into the oil reservoirs, such as surfactant agent or polymer. The article described in detail the mechanism and current development of enhanced oil recovery, and analyzed emphatically the study on the polymer flooding, but the polymer flooding occurs lagging in the multi-pore medium through chemical adsorption and mechanical trap as a result of the reduction of flow cross-section of pore channel and increase of liquid flow resistance causes the oil reservoir blocking of injected polymer well, as well as the comments about varieties of technologies for removing the blocking. Based on the injection pressure increasing and the reservoir blocking which affected greatly the production in the polymer flooding well of No. 6 petroleum factory of Daqing Oil Field, The composition and structure of the locking materials from the well were an
alyzed by instrumental and chemical analysis. It was found that the main composition of blocking substances are polyacrlamide, sulphide, clay and mechanical impurity, and agglutinative core composition mostly are sulphide, iron oxide, oil and clay, etc, and the outside is winded by polyacrlamide. Then further matching simulation experiments verified that the decisive factors of the reservoir blockings are from iron sulphite and polyarclamide, which produce suspension or flocculent deposit that form blocking substances. It is effective for removing the blocking to choose chlorine dioxide as the best dissolving agent and combine a treatment of hydrochloric acid in accordance with the blocking factors of oil reservoirs and the experiments.
During the oil production, injected water is frequently used to enhance oil recovery. In order to increase further the rate of production, non-conventional materials are introduced into the oil reservoirs, such as surfactant agent or polymer. The article described in detail the mechanism and current development of enhanced oil recovery, and analyzed emphatically the study on the polymer flooding, but the polymer flooding occurs lagging in the multi-pore medium through chemical adsorption and mechanical trap as a result of the reduction of flow cross-section of pore channel and increase of liquid flow resistance causes the oil reservoir blocking of injected polymer well, as well as the comments about varieties of technologies for removing the blocking. Based on the injection pressure increasing and the reservoir blocking which affected greatly the production in the polymer flooding well of No. 6 petroleum factory of Daqing Oil Field, The composition and structure of the locking materials from the well were an
alyzed by instrumental and chemical analysis. It was found that the main composition of blocking substances are polyacrlamide, sulphide, clay and mechanical impurity, and agglutinative core composition mostly are sulphide, iron oxide, oil and clay, etc, and the outside is winded by polyacrlamide. Then further matching simulation experiments verified that the decisive factors of the reservoir blockings are from iron sulphite and polyarclamide, which produce suspension or flocculent deposit that form blocking substances. It is effective for removing the blocking to choose chlorine dioxide as the best dissolving agent and combine a treatment of hydrochloric acid in accordance with the blocking factors of oil reservoirs and the experiments.
引文
[1] 郭万奎等．大庆油田三次采油技术研究现状及发展方向．大庆石油地质与开发．2002，(3)
[2] 王德民．发展三次采油新理论新技术，确保大庆油田持续稳定发展(上)．2001，(3)
[3] 王启民等．大庆油田三次采油技术的实践与认识．大庆石油地质与开发．2001，(2)
[4] 张立平．微生物提高原油采收率的研究进展(一)．国外油田工程．1994，(3)
[5] 王景良，宋育贤等．三元复合驱用石油磺酸盐表面活性剂的研究进展．国外油田工程．2000，(12)
[6] Antoon O. E. Beyne, Gilbert F. Froment, The effect of pore blockage on the diffusivity in ZSM5: a percolation approach, Chemical Engineering Journal 82(2001) 281-290
[7] Mullin, J. W., Crystallisation. Butterworth Heinenann, Oxford, 1993.pp.173-175.
[8] Akin, G. W., Lagerwerff, J. V., 1965. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 29, 353-360.
[9] Zhang, Y., Dawe, R. A., The kinetics of carbonate scaling in high salinity water systems. Appl. Geochem. 1998.13, 177-184.
[10] 刘四海等．DL-93堵漏剂的研制及应用．探矿工程．1996，(3)
[11] John Marks. New tracking system guides bore under stream, railroad and dike. Trenchless Technology, 1994,(11)
[12] 徐云英．钻井研究和技术发展方向．世界石油工业，1995，(5)
[13] 祝明华．KQPT解堵工艺技术．石油钻采工艺．1995，(6)，85-88
[14] 景岷雪．Z-1型解堵液的研制与应用．钻采工艺．1994，(2)，55-59
[15] 周迎菊等．氨基磺酸-氟化氢铵酸化液用于注水井解堵．油田化学．1995，(3)，230-233
[16] 苏景富等．百色油田油层溶蜡解堵处理．钻采工艺．1998，(3)，79-80
[17] 赵福麟．表面活性剂在油田中的应用．日用化学品科学．1999，8(增刊)
[18] 赵齐禄等．超声波处理油层工艺实验研究．油气田地面工程．1997，(3)
[19] 杨永超等．超声波油层解堵技术的应用．油气井测试．1999，(3)
[20] 周家驹等．冲击波解堵技术的作用机理及技术特点．钻采工艺．2002，(4)
[21] 谭河清．低频采油技术及应用效果．石油钻采技术．2000，(4)
[22] 宋建平等．低频冲击波强化采油技术研究及实验．石油钻采工艺．1994，(6)
[23] 王京朝．电解堵法在解决捞油油井堵井问题的应用．内蒙古石油化工．2001，3
[24] 石道涵．电脉冲解堵技术增产机理分析及应用．石油钻采工艺．2002(3)
[25] 覃忠校等．二氧化氯复合解堵工艺的研究及应用．石油钻探技术．2002(3)
[26] 郭旭光．负压法地层解堵增注工艺．石油钻采工艺．1994(2)
[27] 李生莉等．负压效应在油田中的新应用．2002(2)
[28] 刘婧等．复合解堵技术在朝阳沟油田的应用．油气田地面工程．2001(3)
[29] 孙雷生．复合型混气解堵技术．钻采工艺．2001(2)
[30] 刘均．改革中后期低渗透裂缝性薄油层酸化工艺．钻采工艺．1994(3)
[31] 刘庆普等．高强度油田堵水剂的研究．1995(8)
[32] 李燕杰等．七项解堵技术的模糊综合评判．石油学报．1997(1)
[33] 孙仁远等．D2声波采油技术研究及发展前景．声学技术．1996(4)
[34] 邵长金等．利用物理场提高原油产量的基础研究．石油学报．1997(3)
[35] 王殿生等．直流电场提高原油采收率技术．石油钻探技术．1997(2)
[36] 马宝岐等．微波在油气开发中的应用．石油勘探与开发．1997(3)
[37] 王江宽等．水力冲击压裂 化学复合解堵技术的研究与应用．油田化学．1999(3)
[38] 蒋卫东．油层解堵剂的室内试验研究．钻采工艺．2000(4)
[39] 牛世龙等．高压水射流解堵技术的应用．石油矿场机械．2002(3)
[40] 卢祥国．大庆油田北二区西部注聚井堵塞原因及预防措施．油田化学．2002(3)
[41] Mary A. Stack, Sharon O'Connell, Kevin J. James, Anal Bioanal Chem(2002) 373:147-152
[42] G. Tavoularis, M. A. Keane, Applied Catalysis A: General 182(1999) 309-316
[43] K. Kida, S. Morimura, Y. Mochinaga, M. Tokuda, Process Biochemistry 34(1999) 567-575
[44] Yuping Zhang, Harry Shaw, Rod Farquhar, Richard Dawe, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 29 2001 85-95
[45] 李士伦．发展注气提高采收率技术．西南石油学院学报．2000，(3)
[46] 黄修平等．不同油层条件对聚合物驱油效果的影响．大庆石油地质与开发．2000，(3)
[47] 吴荷香．偏心分注水力声波解堵增注技术．石油钻采工艺．2001(5)
[48] 魏跃进等．ClO_2复合解堵工艺技术．石油钻采工艺．2001，(1)
[49] Morse, J. W., Mackenzie, F. T., Geochemistry of Sedimentary Carbonates. 1990. Oxford, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
[50] Warren, E. A., Smalley, P. C., North Sea Formation Waters Atlas, Geological Society, 1994. Memoir No. 15.
[51] Casagli, N., Ermini, L., Geomorphic analysis of landslide dams in the northern Apennine. 1999. Transactions Japanese Geomorphological Union 20(3), 219-249.
[2] 王德民．发展三次采油新理论新技术，确保大庆油田持续稳定发展(上)．2001，(3)
[3] 王启民等．大庆油田三次采油技术的实践与认识．大庆石油地质与开发．2001，(2)
[4] 张立平．微生物提高原油采收率的研究进展(一)．国外油田工程．1994，(3)
[5] 王景良，宋育贤等．三元复合驱用石油磺酸盐表面活性剂的研究进展．国外油田工程．2000，(12)
[6] Antoon O. E. Beyne, Gilbert F. Froment, The effect of pore blockage on the diffusivity in ZSM5: a percolation approach, Chemical Engineering Journal 82(2001) 281-290
[7] Mullin, J. W., Crystallisation. Butterworth Heinenann, Oxford, 1993.pp.173-175.
[8] Akin, G. W., Lagerwerff, J. V., 1965. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 29, 353-360.
[9] Zhang, Y., Dawe, R. A., The kinetics of carbonate scaling in high salinity water systems. Appl. Geochem. 1998.13, 177-184.
[10] 刘四海等．DL-93堵漏剂的研制及应用．探矿工程．1996，(3)
[11] John Marks. New tracking system guides bore under stream, railroad and dike. Trenchless Technology, 1994,(11)
[12] 徐云英．钻井研究和技术发展方向．世界石油工业，1995，(5)
[13] 祝明华．KQPT解堵工艺技术．石油钻采工艺．1995，(6)，85-88
[14] 景岷雪．Z-1型解堵液的研制与应用．钻采工艺．1994，(2)，55-59
[15] 周迎菊等．氨基磺酸-氟化氢铵酸化液用于注水井解堵．油田化学．1995，(3)，230-233
[16] 苏景富等．百色油田油层溶蜡解堵处理．钻采工艺．1998，(3)，79-80
[17] 赵福麟．表面活性剂在油田中的应用．日用化学品科学．1999，8(增刊)
[18] 赵齐禄等．超声波处理油层工艺实验研究．油气田地面工程．1997，(3)
[19] 杨永超等．超声波油层解堵技术的应用．油气井测试．1999，(3)
[20] 周家驹等．冲击波解堵技术的作用机理及技术特点．钻采工艺．2002，(4)
[21] 谭河清．低频采油技术及应用效果．石油钻采技术．2000，(4)
[22] 宋建平等．低频冲击波强化采油技术研究及实验．石油钻采工艺．1994，(6)
[23] 王京朝．电解堵法在解决捞油油井堵井问题的应用．内蒙古石油化工．2001，3
[24] 石道涵．电脉冲解堵技术增产机理分析及应用．石油钻采工艺．2002(3)
[25] 覃忠校等．二氧化氯复合解堵工艺的研究及应用．石油钻探技术．2002(3)
[26] 郭旭光．负压法地层解堵增注工艺．石油钻采工艺．1994(2)
[27] 李生莉等．负压效应在油田中的新应用．2002(2)
[28] 刘婧等．复合解堵技术在朝阳沟油田的应用．油气田地面工程．2001(3)
[29] 孙雷生．复合型混气解堵技术．钻采工艺．2001(2)
[30] 刘均．改革中后期低渗透裂缝性薄油层酸化工艺．钻采工艺．1994(3)
[31] 刘庆普等．高强度油田堵水剂的研究．1995(8)
[32] 李燕杰等．七项解堵技术的模糊综合评判．石油学报．1997(1)
[33] 孙仁远等．D2声波采油技术研究及发展前景．声学技术．1996(4)
[34] 邵长金等．利用物理场提高原油产量的基础研究．石油学报．1997(3)
[35] 王殿生等．直流电场提高原油采收率技术．石油钻探技术．1997(2)
[36] 马宝岐等．微波在油气开发中的应用．石油勘探与开发．1997(3)
[37] 王江宽等．水力冲击压裂 化学复合解堵技术的研究与应用．油田化学．1999(3)
[38] 蒋卫东．油层解堵剂的室内试验研究．钻采工艺．2000(4)
[39] 牛世龙等．高压水射流解堵技术的应用．石油矿场机械．2002(3)
[40] 卢祥国．大庆油田北二区西部注聚井堵塞原因及预防措施．油田化学．2002(3)
[41] Mary A. Stack, Sharon O'Connell, Kevin J. James, Anal Bioanal Chem(2002) 373:147-152
[42] G. Tavoularis, M. A. Keane, Applied Catalysis A: General 182(1999) 309-316
[43] K. Kida, S. Morimura, Y. Mochinaga, M. Tokuda, Process Biochemistry 34(1999) 567-575
[44] Yuping Zhang, Harry Shaw, Rod Farquhar, Richard Dawe, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 29 2001 85-95
[45] 李士伦．发展注气提高采收率技术．西南石油学院学报．2000，(3)
[46] 黄修平等．不同油层条件对聚合物驱油效果的影响．大庆石油地质与开发．2000，(3)
[47] 吴荷香．偏心分注水力声波解堵增注技术．石油钻采工艺．2001(5)
[48] 魏跃进等．ClO_2复合解堵工艺技术．石油钻采工艺．2001，(1)
[49] Morse, J. W., Mackenzie, F. T., Geochemistry of Sedimentary Carbonates. 1990. Oxford, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
[50] Warren, E. A., Smalley, P. C., North Sea Formation Waters Atlas, Geological Society, 1994. Memoir No. 15.
[51] Casagli, N., Ermini, L., Geomorphic analysis of landslide dams in the northern Apennine. 1999. Transactions Japanese Geomorphological Union 20(3), 219-249.
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