服务于城市旅游形象的景观规划研究
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摘要
塑造良好的城市旅游形象对城市旅游业的发展具有非常重要的作用。城市旅游形象的塑造可通过城市旅游形象识别系统导入，城市旅游形象识别系统包括理念识别系统、行为识别系统和视觉识别系统。城市景观作为视觉识别系统中的组成部分，对城市旅游形象的塑造和提升具有重要作用。本文以服务于城市旅游形象的景观规划为研究对象。
文中首先回顾了国内外城市旅游形象和景观规划的研究现状，然后进行了城市景观要素的分析，将城市景观要素分为实体景观要素和虚体景观要素，并借助特尔非法和模糊数学方法建立了城市景观评估的模型。进而，提出服务于城市旅游形象的景观规划理念、原则和景观控制。最后，对南京城市景观进行规划：第一，运用城市景观评估模型对南京城市景观进行分析评估；第二，在问卷调查的基础上，对南京城市旅游形象进行定位：博爱之都，世界第一城垣；第三，围绕此定位，确定南京景观形象，并对南京城市景观进行了总体规划研究，包括景观功能分区和景观结构；第四，在景观规划中，选择了南京的典型旅游景点：钟山风景区、秦淮河风光带、湖南路商业街区、明城墙风光带和南京城市重要的景观要素：行道树，进行了重点研究，提出了典型景观优化的建议，以提升南京城市旅游形象并促进南京城市旅游业的发展。
The city tourist image (CTI) plays an important role in city tourism development. We can apply city tourist identity system (CTIS) to build up CTI. The CTIS consists of mind identity (MI), behavior identity (BI) and visual identity (VI). Urban landscape, as a key part of VI, is indispensable to creating CTI. This thesis probes into the research of urban landscape planning which serves CTI.
On the basis of the research of CTI and landscape planning at home and abroad, the thesis analyses the constitute factors of urban landscape. As a result, it brings out that the urban landscape can be divided into two sorts: solid landscape and virtual landscape. A comprehensive model of urban landscape image appraisal is set up by Delphi and fuzzy evaluation. Then ideas, principles and controlling of landscape planning of CTI are put forward. In the forth part of the thesis, it gives the landscape planning of Nanjing city: firstly, applies the appraisal model to appraise the landscape of Nanjing city. Secondly, with the above analysis and questionnaire investigation, sets the position of city image of Nanjing: The Fraternity City, The Largest Walled City in the World. Thirdly, presents the functional zone and landscape structure of Nanjing city. Forthly, takes several typical tourism landscapes as planning examples to promote CTI, such as Zhongshan Scenic Area, Qinhuai River Scenic Zone, Hunan Road Business District, Ming Dynasty Wall Scenic Zone and the Street Trees Landscape in Nanjing city.
文中首先回顾了国内外城市旅游形象和景观规划的研究现状，然后进行了城市景观要素的分析，将城市景观要素分为实体景观要素和虚体景观要素，并借助特尔非法和模糊数学方法建立了城市景观评估的模型。进而，提出服务于城市旅游形象的景观规划理念、原则和景观控制。最后，对南京城市景观进行规划：第一，运用城市景观评估模型对南京城市景观进行分析评估；第二，在问卷调查的基础上，对南京城市旅游形象进行定位：博爱之都，世界第一城垣；第三，围绕此定位，确定南京景观形象，并对南京城市景观进行了总体规划研究，包括景观功能分区和景观结构；第四，在景观规划中，选择了南京的典型旅游景点：钟山风景区、秦淮河风光带、湖南路商业街区、明城墙风光带和南京城市重要的景观要素：行道树，进行了重点研究，提出了典型景观优化的建议，以提升南京城市旅游形象并促进南京城市旅游业的发展。
The city tourist image (CTI) plays an important role in city tourism development. We can apply city tourist identity system (CTIS) to build up CTI. The CTIS consists of mind identity (MI), behavior identity (BI) and visual identity (VI). Urban landscape, as a key part of VI, is indispensable to creating CTI. This thesis probes into the research of urban landscape planning which serves CTI.
On the basis of the research of CTI and landscape planning at home and abroad, the thesis analyses the constitute factors of urban landscape. As a result, it brings out that the urban landscape can be divided into two sorts: solid landscape and virtual landscape. A comprehensive model of urban landscape image appraisal is set up by Delphi and fuzzy evaluation. Then ideas, principles and controlling of landscape planning of CTI are put forward. In the forth part of the thesis, it gives the landscape planning of Nanjing city: firstly, applies the appraisal model to appraise the landscape of Nanjing city. Secondly, with the above analysis and questionnaire investigation, sets the position of city image of Nanjing: The Fraternity City, The Largest Walled City in the World. Thirdly, presents the functional zone and landscape structure of Nanjing city. Forthly, takes several typical tourism landscapes as planning examples to promote CTI, such as Zhongshan Scenic Area, Qinhuai River Scenic Zone, Hunan Road Business District, Ming Dynasty Wall Scenic Zone and the Street Trees Landscape in Nanjing city.
引文
[1]熊元斌，黄浩．论城市旅游的特点及发展趋势．武汉理工大学学报·信息与管理工程版．2001．23(3)：61-64
[2]彭华．关于城市旅游发展驱动机制的初步思考．人文地理．2000．15(1)：1-5
[3]范能船，朱海森主编．城市旅游学．百家出版社．上海．2002．2
[4]陈娟，柴寿升，赵常青．浅议中国滨海城市旅游形象塑造原则．海岸工程．1999．18(2)：1-5
[5]谷成，郭强．大连城市旅游形象的CIS战略．经济地理．2001．21(4)：509-512
[6]成伟光．论城市旅游形象战略．学术论坛．2001(5)：127-130
[7]刘滨谊著．现代景观规划设计．东南大学出版社．南京．2000．3
[8]陈俊鸿．城市形象设计：城市规划的新课题．城市问题。1994(5)：24-27
[9]李想．硕士学位论文：旅游目的地形象推广研究——以南京为例．2000．5
[10]Steve Pike. Destination image analysis—a review of 142 papers from 1973 to 2000, Tourism Management 23 (2002) 541 - 549
[11]Duncan Light.'Facing the future': tourism and identity-building in post-socialist Romania,Political Geography 20 (2001) 1053-1074
[12]Seyhmus Baloglu,Ken W. McCleary. a model of destination image formation, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 868±897, 1999
[13]秦学．我国城市旅游研究的回顾与展望．人文地理．2001．16(2)：73-78
[14]赵伟兵，城市旅游形象定位的理论与实践研究．广西大学学报(哲学社会科学版)2001．23(增刊)：9-12
[15]李蕾蕾．旅游地形象策划：理论与实务．广东旅游出版社．广州．1999．11
[16]Michael Neuman. Regional design: Recovering a great landscape architecture and urban planning tradition, Landscape and Urban Planning 47 (2000) 115±128
[17]J.E. Rodiek. Landscape and Urban Planning cover for 2003, Landscape and Urban Planning 62 (2002) 1-2
[18]Christian L.Krause, our visual landscape managing the landscape under special consideration of visual aspects, Landscape and Urban Planning 54(2001)239-254
[19]Pat D. Taylor. Fragmentation and cultural landscapes: tightening the relationship between human beings and the environment, Landscape and Urban Planning 58 (2002) 93-99
[20]Setha M. Low. Social science methods in landscape architecture design, Landscape and Planning Volume 8, Issue 2, June 1981, Pages 137-148
[21]Dale Greniera, Berit C. Kaaeb, Marc L. Millerc, Roger W. Mobleyd. Ecotourism, landscape architecture□and urban planning, Landscape and Urban Planning Volume 25, Issues 1-2, August 1993, Pages 1-16
[22]Laurent Perrin, Nathalie Beauvais, Marta Puppo, Procedural landscape modeling with geographic information: the IMAGIS approach ,Landscape and Urban Planning 54(2001) 33-47
[23]Harald Linke and Siegmar Thomas.Problems and objectives of landscape architecture and landscape, planning in the German Democratic Republic, Landscape and Planning Volume 2, 1975,Pages 1-11
[24]Brbel Tress., Gunther Tress. Scenario visualisation for participatory landscape planning—a study from Denmark, Landscape and Urban Planning 982 (2002) 1-18
[25]刘滨谊．国内外景观规划设计热点纵横——理论、技术、创新．国外城市规划．1999(2)：10-15
[26]Christina yon Haaren.Landscape planning facing the challenge of the development of cultural landscapes, Landscape and Urban Planning 60 (2002) 73-80
[27]张惠远．景观规划：概念、起源与发展．应用生态学报．1999．10(3)：373-378
[28]戴光全．基于FFII的城市旅游景观塑造：伊春市案例．热带地理．2001．21(3)：251-256
[29](美)凯文·林奇著．方益萍，何晓军译．城市意象．华夏出版社．北京．2001．5
[30]於贤德著．城市美学．知识出版社．北京．1998．2
[31]王树忠，孔宇航主编．城市景观．中国建材工业出版社．北京．2001．3
[32]程思淑，周文华著．城市设计导论．中国建筑工业出版社．北京．1991．11
[33]白德懋著．城市空间环境设计．中国建筑工业出版社．北京．2002．5
[34]章锦河．旅游区域形象价值评价指标体系的初步研究．安徽师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)2001．29(1)：138-141
[35]保继刚编著．旅游地理学．高等教育出版社．1993．5
[36][西德]普林茨(Prinz,D)著．城市景观设计方法．天津大学出版社．天津．1989．9
[37]梁雪，肖连望编著．城市空间设计．天津大学出版社．2000．10
[38]金笠铭．浅论新城市文化与新城市空间规划理念——创建中国国际化大城市的新思维．城市规划．2001．4
[39]李蕾蕾．论旅游景观的视觉形象及其对景点开发与经营管理的意义．旅游学刊．1995(4)：
16-20
[40]张艳华,卫明．“体验经济”与历史街区(建筑)再利用．城市规划汇刊．2002．139(3)：72-80
[41]傅伯杰等编著．景观生态学原理及应用．科学出版社．北京．2001
[42]孟兆祯．园林设计之于城市景观．中国园林．2002(4)：13-16
[43]刘蔓编著．景观艺术设计．西南师范大学出版社．重庆．2000
[44]南京市旅游业发展“十五”计划和2020年远景目标纲要．南京市旅游局．2001．12
[45]刘耀林，刘艳芳，梁勤欧编著．城市环境分析．武汉测绘科技大学出版社．1999，4
[46]孙善芳，唐治锋，杨春淮．城市景观的视觉分析与模拟控制方法．武汉测绘科技大学学报．1994．19(3)：254-258
[47]南京城市总体规划(1991—2010)(2001年调整，送审稿)
[48][美]约翰·O·西蒙兹著．景观设计学——场地规划与设计手册(第三版)．中国建筑工业出版社．北京，2000．8
[49]刘正平(执笔)．南京明城墙风光带规划．城市规划．2001．25(4)：65-69
[50]李健，王大新．南京悬铃木行道树存在问题和改进技术探讨．江苏绿化．1994(4)：15-16
[51]何承志，黄晓华．浅析南京市行道树的配置．南京农专学报．1999．15(1)：45-49
[2]彭华．关于城市旅游发展驱动机制的初步思考．人文地理．2000．15(1)：1-5
[3]范能船，朱海森主编．城市旅游学．百家出版社．上海．2002．2
[4]陈娟，柴寿升，赵常青．浅议中国滨海城市旅游形象塑造原则．海岸工程．1999．18(2)：1-5
[5]谷成，郭强．大连城市旅游形象的CIS战略．经济地理．2001．21(4)：509-512
[6]成伟光．论城市旅游形象战略．学术论坛．2001(5)：127-130
[7]刘滨谊著．现代景观规划设计．东南大学出版社．南京．2000．3
[8]陈俊鸿．城市形象设计：城市规划的新课题．城市问题。1994(5)：24-27
[9]李想．硕士学位论文：旅游目的地形象推广研究——以南京为例．2000．5
[10]Steve Pike. Destination image analysis—a review of 142 papers from 1973 to 2000, Tourism Management 23 (2002) 541 - 549
[11]Duncan Light.'Facing the future': tourism and identity-building in post-socialist Romania,Political Geography 20 (2001) 1053-1074
[12]Seyhmus Baloglu,Ken W. McCleary. a model of destination image formation, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 868±897, 1999
[13]秦学．我国城市旅游研究的回顾与展望．人文地理．2001．16(2)：73-78
[14]赵伟兵，城市旅游形象定位的理论与实践研究．广西大学学报(哲学社会科学版)2001．23(增刊)：9-12
[15]李蕾蕾．旅游地形象策划：理论与实务．广东旅游出版社．广州．1999．11
[16]Michael Neuman. Regional design: Recovering a great landscape architecture and urban planning tradition, Landscape and Urban Planning 47 (2000) 115±128
[17]J.E. Rodiek. Landscape and Urban Planning cover for 2003, Landscape and Urban Planning 62 (2002) 1-2
[18]Christian L.Krause, our visual landscape managing the landscape under special consideration of visual aspects, Landscape and Urban Planning 54(2001)239-254
[19]Pat D. Taylor. Fragmentation and cultural landscapes: tightening the relationship between human beings and the environment, Landscape and Urban Planning 58 (2002) 93-99
[20]Setha M. Low. Social science methods in landscape architecture design, Landscape and Planning Volume 8, Issue 2, June 1981, Pages 137-148
[21]Dale Greniera, Berit C. Kaaeb, Marc L. Millerc, Roger W. Mobleyd. Ecotourism, landscape architecture□and urban planning, Landscape and Urban Planning Volume 25, Issues 1-2, August 1993, Pages 1-16
[22]Laurent Perrin, Nathalie Beauvais, Marta Puppo, Procedural landscape modeling with geographic information: the IMAGIS approach ,Landscape and Urban Planning 54(2001) 33-47
[23]Harald Linke and Siegmar Thomas.Problems and objectives of landscape architecture and landscape, planning in the German Democratic Republic, Landscape and Planning Volume 2, 1975,Pages 1-11
[24]Brbel Tress., Gunther Tress. Scenario visualisation for participatory landscape planning—a study from Denmark, Landscape and Urban Planning 982 (2002) 1-18
[25]刘滨谊．国内外景观规划设计热点纵横——理论、技术、创新．国外城市规划．1999(2)：10-15
[26]Christina yon Haaren.Landscape planning facing the challenge of the development of cultural landscapes, Landscape and Urban Planning 60 (2002) 73-80
[27]张惠远．景观规划：概念、起源与发展．应用生态学报．1999．10(3)：373-378
[28]戴光全．基于FFII的城市旅游景观塑造：伊春市案例．热带地理．2001．21(3)：251-256
[29](美)凯文·林奇著．方益萍，何晓军译．城市意象．华夏出版社．北京．2001．5
[30]於贤德著．城市美学．知识出版社．北京．1998．2
[31]王树忠，孔宇航主编．城市景观．中国建材工业出版社．北京．2001．3
[32]程思淑，周文华著．城市设计导论．中国建筑工业出版社．北京．1991．11
[33]白德懋著．城市空间环境设计．中国建筑工业出版社．北京．2002．5
[34]章锦河．旅游区域形象价值评价指标体系的初步研究．安徽师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)2001．29(1)：138-141
[35]保继刚编著．旅游地理学．高等教育出版社．1993．5
[36][西德]普林茨(Prinz,D)著．城市景观设计方法．天津大学出版社．天津．1989．9
[37]梁雪，肖连望编著．城市空间设计．天津大学出版社．2000．10
[38]金笠铭．浅论新城市文化与新城市空间规划理念——创建中国国际化大城市的新思维．城市规划．2001．4
[39]李蕾蕾．论旅游景观的视觉形象及其对景点开发与经营管理的意义．旅游学刊．1995(4)：
16-20
[40]张艳华,卫明．“体验经济”与历史街区(建筑)再利用．城市规划汇刊．2002．139(3)：72-80
[41]傅伯杰等编著．景观生态学原理及应用．科学出版社．北京．2001
[42]孟兆祯．园林设计之于城市景观．中国园林．2002(4)：13-16
[43]刘蔓编著．景观艺术设计．西南师范大学出版社．重庆．2000
[44]南京市旅游业发展“十五”计划和2020年远景目标纲要．南京市旅游局．2001．12
[45]刘耀林，刘艳芳，梁勤欧编著．城市环境分析．武汉测绘科技大学出版社．1999，4
[46]孙善芳，唐治锋，杨春淮．城市景观的视觉分析与模拟控制方法．武汉测绘科技大学学报．1994．19(3)：254-258
[47]南京城市总体规划(1991—2010)(2001年调整，送审稿)
[48][美]约翰·O·西蒙兹著．景观设计学——场地规划与设计手册(第三版)．中国建筑工业出版社．北京，2000．8
[49]刘正平(执笔)．南京明城墙风光带规划．城市规划．2001．25(4)：65-69
[50]李健，王大新．南京悬铃木行道树存在问题和改进技术探讨．江苏绿化．1994(4)：15-16
[51]何承志，黄晓华．浅析南京市行道树的配置．南京农专学报．1999．15(1)：45-49
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