大豆黄酮对不同泌乳期奶牛产奶量、乳成分的影响及相关作用机制的研究
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摘要
本试验研究了大豆黄酮对不同泌乳期奶牛产奶量、乳成分的影响及相关作用机制的研究。
试验在河南中荷奶牛示范中心进行，选泌乳处于早、中和晚三时期的奶牛各15头，每时期随机均分三组，每组5头，整个试验前后自身对照，1～7天为对照期，饲喂基础日粮；8～17天为试验期，饲喂基础日粮+大豆黄酮，每个泌乳期三组添加大豆黄酮剂量依次为：10ppm、20ppm和30ppm。
整个试验中，记录每头奶牛的日产奶量，分别在1d、7d、9d、11d、13d、15d、17d根据两次挤奶量(6：00和16：00)的比例取样后混匀，处理分装置-20℃保存至分析。
对产奶量的结果分析表明，泌乳中期奶牛，日粮中添加20ppm大豆黄酮来提高产奶量的效果为最好(P＞0.05)，虽然从试验来看，大豆黄酮能缓解泌乳后期奶牛泌乳量下降的趋势，但从整个产奶期提高产奶量考虑，以泌乳中期添加更有经济效益。
对乳成分分析结果表明，泌乳晚期，日粮中添加10ppm和20ppm大豆黄酮乳蛋白含量有显著提高(p＜0.05)；而泌乳中期，日粮中添加30ppm大豆黄酮乳蛋白含量有显著提高(p＜0.05)；泌乳晚期，奶牛日粮中添加20ppm大豆黄酮能显著提高乳脂率(p＜0.05)；而泌乳早期，奶牛日粮中添加10ppm大豆黄酮就能显著提高乳脂率(p＜0.05)；泌乳早和中期，日粮中添加10ppm大豆黄酮对乳中乳糖含量极显著提高(P＜0.01)；泌乳早期，日粮中添加20ppm大豆黄酮对乳糖含量极显著提高(P＜0.01)。
对激素和IgA分析结果表明，泌乳晚期，日粮中添加10ppm和20ppm大豆黄酮对奶牛乳中E_2水平都有显著提高(P＜0.05)；泌乳晚期，日粮中添加20ppm大豆黄酮对奶牛乳中T_4水平极显著影响(P＜0.01)；日粮中添加
10ppm、20Pp。和 30ppm大藕酮对泌乳晚期奶牛乳中 PRL和 T。水平依次分
别提高 11．18％、17．53％、13．89％和 26．58％、20．46％和 28．79％，统计
学上差异均不显著：泌乳晚期，奶牛日粮中添加 20Pplll大豆黄酮极显著提高
乳中 IgA水平①N．01人提示，大豆黄酮可能通过调节内源性激素水平而
间接地提高奶牛产奶量和改善乳品质。
对酶分析结果表明，泌乳晚期，日粮中添加 10ppm和 20ppm大豆黄酮对
奶牛乳中碱性磷酸酶活性都有极显著提高①们．01）；泌乳晚期，奶牛日粮
中添加 20pp。大豆黄酮对奶牛乳中 v AIT活性有极显著差异o仍．of人提
示，大豆黄酮通过对有关酶活力的影响来促进反刍动物泌乳、改善乳品质
和提高机体免疫力，其中 ALP与乳腺内非特异性免疫功能有关，Y －GT与
乳蛋白合成代谢有关。
This paper studied the effects of daidzein on milk yield, milk ingredient of different lactation period cows and study of correlative machanism.
In the experiment, 15 cows in the early lactation period were divided into 3 subgroups,
5 animals in each subgroup. So were they in the middle and later lactation periods
respectively. Self-control method was used and the test was divided into control and treatment periods. 1-7d was the control period; 8~11d was the treatment period. Daidzein was added by 10> 20 and 30ppm concentration in each subgroup during the treatment period respectively, while during the control period daidzein was not added. During the experiment, we recorded milk yield of every cow every day, only collected milk samples in the 1d, 7d, 9d, 11d,. 13d, 15d and 17d. The milk samples were collected twice each day and mixed according to the ratio of their milk yields.
The results of milk yield showed that it is better to feed daidzein at the level of 20ppm in the middle lactation period than in the early and later period (p<0.05) . Because feeding daidzein in the middle lactation period can improve milk yield evidently, while feeding daidzein in the later period only can lessen the declining tendency of milk yield lightly. The analytic results of lactation ingredients showed that being added 20ppm daidzein could improve the content of Lactoprotein in later lactation period significantly(p<0.05); while being added 30ppm daidzein could improve the content of Lactoprotein in middle lactation period significantly (p<0.05 ) ; being added 20ppm daidzein could improve the content of
milkfat Rate in later lactation period significantly (p<0.05) ; being added 10ppm daidzein could improve the content of milkfat Rate in early lactation period significantly (p<0.05 ) ; being added lOppm daidzein could improve the content of lactose in early, and middle lactation period significantly (p<0.01) ; being added 20ppm daidzein could improve the content of lactose hi early lactation period significantly (p<0.01) .
The results of hormone and IgA showed that being added 10ppm and 20ppm daidzein could improve the level of E2 in later lactation period significantly (p<0.05 ) ; being added 20ppm daidzein could improve the level of T4 in later lactation period significantly
(p<0.01 ); after being added lOppnu 20ppm and 30ppm daidzein in later lactation period, the level of PRL and T3 all increased by 11.18% > 17.53%, 13.89%and 26.58%, 20.46 %, 28.79%sequent respectively, thus, they were not significantly; being added 20ppm daidzein could improve the level of IgA in later lactation period significantly(p<0.01). The results indicated that daidzein can indirectly increase milk yield and milk ingredients. The results of relevant enzyme showed that being added lOppm and 20ppm daidzein could improve the activity of ALP hi later lactation period significantly (p<0.01) ; being added 20ppm daidzein could improve the activity of Y -GT in later lactation period significantly
(p<0.01) . The results indicate that Daidzein promotes mammary gland and lactation in rumimants by affecting on relevant enzyme activity. The results indicate that ALP is relevant to the function of nonspecific immune, and y -GT is relevant to the synthesis of the proteins in mammary gland cells.
试验在河南中荷奶牛示范中心进行，选泌乳处于早、中和晚三时期的奶牛各15头，每时期随机均分三组，每组5头，整个试验前后自身对照，1～7天为对照期，饲喂基础日粮；8～17天为试验期，饲喂基础日粮+大豆黄酮，每个泌乳期三组添加大豆黄酮剂量依次为：10ppm、20ppm和30ppm。
整个试验中，记录每头奶牛的日产奶量，分别在1d、7d、9d、11d、13d、15d、17d根据两次挤奶量(6：00和16：00)的比例取样后混匀，处理分装置-20℃保存至分析。
对产奶量的结果分析表明，泌乳中期奶牛，日粮中添加20ppm大豆黄酮来提高产奶量的效果为最好(P＞0.05)，虽然从试验来看，大豆黄酮能缓解泌乳后期奶牛泌乳量下降的趋势，但从整个产奶期提高产奶量考虑，以泌乳中期添加更有经济效益。
对乳成分分析结果表明，泌乳晚期，日粮中添加10ppm和20ppm大豆黄酮乳蛋白含量有显著提高(p＜0.05)；而泌乳中期，日粮中添加30ppm大豆黄酮乳蛋白含量有显著提高(p＜0.05)；泌乳晚期，奶牛日粮中添加20ppm大豆黄酮能显著提高乳脂率(p＜0.05)；而泌乳早期，奶牛日粮中添加10ppm大豆黄酮就能显著提高乳脂率(p＜0.05)；泌乳早和中期，日粮中添加10ppm大豆黄酮对乳中乳糖含量极显著提高(P＜0.01)；泌乳早期，日粮中添加20ppm大豆黄酮对乳糖含量极显著提高(P＜0.01)。
对激素和IgA分析结果表明，泌乳晚期，日粮中添加10ppm和20ppm大豆黄酮对奶牛乳中E_2水平都有显著提高(P＜0.05)；泌乳晚期，日粮中添加20ppm大豆黄酮对奶牛乳中T_4水平极显著影响(P＜0.01)；日粮中添加
10ppm、20Pp。和 30ppm大藕酮对泌乳晚期奶牛乳中 PRL和 T。水平依次分
别提高 11．18％、17．53％、13．89％和 26．58％、20．46％和 28．79％，统计
学上差异均不显著：泌乳晚期，奶牛日粮中添加 20Pplll大豆黄酮极显著提高
乳中 IgA水平①N．01人提示，大豆黄酮可能通过调节内源性激素水平而
间接地提高奶牛产奶量和改善乳品质。
对酶分析结果表明，泌乳晚期，日粮中添加 10ppm和 20ppm大豆黄酮对
奶牛乳中碱性磷酸酶活性都有极显著提高①们．01）；泌乳晚期，奶牛日粮
中添加 20pp。大豆黄酮对奶牛乳中 v AIT活性有极显著差异o仍．of人提
示，大豆黄酮通过对有关酶活力的影响来促进反刍动物泌乳、改善乳品质
和提高机体免疫力，其中 ALP与乳腺内非特异性免疫功能有关，Y －GT与
乳蛋白合成代谢有关。
This paper studied the effects of daidzein on milk yield, milk ingredient of different lactation period cows and study of correlative machanism.
In the experiment, 15 cows in the early lactation period were divided into 3 subgroups,
5 animals in each subgroup. So were they in the middle and later lactation periods
respectively. Self-control method was used and the test was divided into control and treatment periods. 1-7d was the control period; 8~11d was the treatment period. Daidzein was added by 10> 20 and 30ppm concentration in each subgroup during the treatment period respectively, while during the control period daidzein was not added. During the experiment, we recorded milk yield of every cow every day, only collected milk samples in the 1d, 7d, 9d, 11d,. 13d, 15d and 17d. The milk samples were collected twice each day and mixed according to the ratio of their milk yields.
The results of milk yield showed that it is better to feed daidzein at the level of 20ppm in the middle lactation period than in the early and later period (p<0.05) . Because feeding daidzein in the middle lactation period can improve milk yield evidently, while feeding daidzein in the later period only can lessen the declining tendency of milk yield lightly. The analytic results of lactation ingredients showed that being added 20ppm daidzein could improve the content of Lactoprotein in later lactation period significantly(p<0.05); while being added 30ppm daidzein could improve the content of Lactoprotein in middle lactation period significantly (p<0.05 ) ; being added 20ppm daidzein could improve the content of
milkfat Rate in later lactation period significantly (p<0.05) ; being added 10ppm daidzein could improve the content of milkfat Rate in early lactation period significantly (p<0.05 ) ; being added lOppm daidzein could improve the content of lactose in early, and middle lactation period significantly (p<0.01) ; being added 20ppm daidzein could improve the content of lactose hi early lactation period significantly (p<0.01) .
The results of hormone and IgA showed that being added 10ppm and 20ppm daidzein could improve the level of E2 in later lactation period significantly (p<0.05 ) ; being added 20ppm daidzein could improve the level of T4 in later lactation period significantly
(p<0.01 ); after being added lOppnu 20ppm and 30ppm daidzein in later lactation period, the level of PRL and T3 all increased by 11.18% > 17.53%, 13.89%and 26.58%, 20.46 %, 28.79%sequent respectively, thus, they were not significantly; being added 20ppm daidzein could improve the level of IgA in later lactation period significantly(p<0.01). The results indicated that daidzein can indirectly increase milk yield and milk ingredients. The results of relevant enzyme showed that being added lOppm and 20ppm daidzein could improve the activity of ALP hi later lactation period significantly (p<0.01) ; being added 20ppm daidzein could improve the activity of Y -GT in later lactation period significantly
(p<0.01) . The results indicate that Daidzein promotes mammary gland and lactation in rumimants by affecting on relevant enzyme activity. The results indicate that ALP is relevant to the function of nonspecific immune, and y -GT is relevant to the synthesis of the proteins in mammary gland cells.
引文
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