日粮中添加苜蓿叶粉对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血液生化指标的研究
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摘要
选取50周龄海兰白蛋鸡480只，随机分为10组，每组48只，进行饲养试验。对照组饲喂玉米—豆粕型日粮，试验组日粮中添加3％、6％、9％的苜蓿草粉，6％、8％、10％的苜蓿叶粉和晒干叶粉。在试验期间测定不同比例的的苜蓿粉对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和血液生化指标的影响。结果表明(1)在饲喂叶粉的情况下，添加6％、8％、10％的苜蓿精叶粉，使蛋鸡的产蛋率比对照组分别提高了2.89％、3.72％、3.73％，且差异显著。同时，降低了料蛋比，使蛋黄指数增加4—6个等级，与对照组相比差异极显著(p＜0.01)。苜蓿叶中含有丰富的钙，日粮中添加苜蓿叶粉，增加了日粮中可利用钙的含量，反映到蛋品质上则是蛋壳厚度增加，与对照组相比差异显著(P＜0.05)。添加苜蓿叶粉还可以降低血液中的胆固醇和甘油三脂的含量，从而降低了蛋黄中胆固醇的含量。添加苜蓿叶粉则对肝、肾功能没有明显的影响(P＞0.05)。
(2)在饲喂草粉的情况下，3％组明显降低了饲料采食量和料蛋比，而对蛋重和蛋壳厚度没有明显的影响，蛋黄比色度显著升高，与对照组相比差异极显著(P＜0.01)。蛋黄中胆固醇含量3％草粉组明显低于对照组，差异显著(P＜0.05)。从血液指标分析，蛋鸡日粮中添加苜蓿草粉，对血液中胆固醇和甘油三脂的含量没有显著影响，同时对肝、肾也没有明显的影响(P＞0.05)。
(3)从经济效益看，添加8％、10％的苜蓿精叶粉、8％的普通叶粉、3％的苜蓿草粉明显提高了蛋鸡饲料转化率和蛋品质，可以提高养殖业的市场竞争力，取得较高的经济效益。
480 Hyline White Laying hens, aged 50-weeks, were allocated to 10 groups at random and each group included 48 laying hens respectively. A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the performance, egg quality and serum parameters of layers fed 0 3% 6% 9% alfalfa meal(AM)and 6% 8% 10% alfalfa leaf meal(ALM),which was used as a protein supplement and sources of yolk pigmentation. Leaf meal was produced from dehydrated alfalfa (DA) and sundryed alfalfa(SA).
(l)The result indicated that layers fed dehydrated alfalfa leaf meal at level of 6%, 8%, 10% increased 2.98%, 3.72%, 3.73% in the rate of egg production than those of control and there is significant difference between the test group and control. Yolk index increased 4-6 at the level of 6%, 8%, 10% alfalfa leaf meal than treatment. Alfalfa leaf meal includes abundant Ca, therefore diet added by alfalfa leaf meal increased available Ca of diet, which make shell thickness increase. Layers fed alfalfa leaf meal have lower cholesterol of serum than those fed based diet. Layers fed leaf meal have apparent variance compared to treatment.
(2)Layers fed AM at level of 3%significantly reduced feed intake and increased feed conversion efficiency and yolk pigmentation while egg weight and shell thickness were not affected (P>0.05)by dietary treatments. Layers fed grass meal on 3% level significantly decreased CHO and TR of serum while there are not apparent effection on the function of liver and kidney.
(3)Through the analysis of economic benefit, layers fed 8%, 10% dehydrated leaf meal, 8% sundryed leaf meal and 3% grass meal can increase rate of egg production, feed coversion efficiency and egg quality. So rasiers can increase capability of competition in market and make economic benefit.
(2)在饲喂草粉的情况下，3％组明显降低了饲料采食量和料蛋比，而对蛋重和蛋壳厚度没有明显的影响，蛋黄比色度显著升高，与对照组相比差异极显著(P＜0.01)。蛋黄中胆固醇含量3％草粉组明显低于对照组，差异显著(P＜0.05)。从血液指标分析，蛋鸡日粮中添加苜蓿草粉，对血液中胆固醇和甘油三脂的含量没有显著影响，同时对肝、肾也没有明显的影响(P＞0.05)。
(3)从经济效益看，添加8％、10％的苜蓿精叶粉、8％的普通叶粉、3％的苜蓿草粉明显提高了蛋鸡饲料转化率和蛋品质，可以提高养殖业的市场竞争力，取得较高的经济效益。
480 Hyline White Laying hens, aged 50-weeks, were allocated to 10 groups at random and each group included 48 laying hens respectively. A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the performance, egg quality and serum parameters of layers fed 0 3% 6% 9% alfalfa meal(AM)and 6% 8% 10% alfalfa leaf meal(ALM),which was used as a protein supplement and sources of yolk pigmentation. Leaf meal was produced from dehydrated alfalfa (DA) and sundryed alfalfa(SA).
(l)The result indicated that layers fed dehydrated alfalfa leaf meal at level of 6%, 8%, 10% increased 2.98%, 3.72%, 3.73% in the rate of egg production than those of control and there is significant difference between the test group and control. Yolk index increased 4-6 at the level of 6%, 8%, 10% alfalfa leaf meal than treatment. Alfalfa leaf meal includes abundant Ca, therefore diet added by alfalfa leaf meal increased available Ca of diet, which make shell thickness increase. Layers fed alfalfa leaf meal have lower cholesterol of serum than those fed based diet. Layers fed leaf meal have apparent variance compared to treatment.
(2)Layers fed AM at level of 3%significantly reduced feed intake and increased feed conversion efficiency and yolk pigmentation while egg weight and shell thickness were not affected (P>0.05)by dietary treatments. Layers fed grass meal on 3% level significantly decreased CHO and TR of serum while there are not apparent effection on the function of liver and kidney.
(3)Through the analysis of economic benefit, layers fed 8%, 10% dehydrated leaf meal, 8% sundryed leaf meal and 3% grass meal can increase rate of egg production, feed coversion efficiency and egg quality. So rasiers can increase capability of competition in market and make economic benefit.
引文
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2．常根柱、叶永杰．优质牧草高产栽培及加工利用技术。中国农业科技出版社．2001
3．陈风琴、牛宝元等．我国草粉加工机械的研制进程．饲料工业．1994，(5)．16～17
4．陈立波等编．苜蓿优质高产栽培技术与综合利用．中国农业科技出版社．2001．128～130
5．崔国文．紫花苜蓿的国内外生产现状及市场分析预测．黑龙江畜牧兽医．2001，(8)．19～19
6．崔银学．外源性环核苷酸对海兰褐商品蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响．畜禽业1999，(11)．42～43
7．邓跃林 卢小良．柱花草精制草粉配合酶制剂饲喂黄羽肉鸡效果的研究．饲料研究．1998，(9)．28～29
8．丁成龙 顾洪如．添加黑麦草粉对蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋黄色泽的影响．畜禽业．2000，(9)．18～18
9．董宽虎编．苜蓿产业化生产与加工利用．金盾出版社．2002．86～96
10．高中起．陈德全．豆科草粉对猪、鸡生产性能影响的研究．农业与技术．1993，(5)．25～30
11．高中起．娄玉杰．豆科草粉对猪、鸡生产性能影响的研究．饲料研究 1994，(2)．13～14
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15．郭玉琴，孙彦等．几种牧草在猪鸡饲料中的应用．当代畜牧．2002，(7)．40～41
16．韩建国、马春晖编．优质牧草的栽培与加工贮藏。中国农业出版社．1998．69～72
17．何明福．草粉的开发利用．当代畜牧．1996，(3)．33～33，37
18．何欣、王晓霞等．苜蓿草粉对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响．当代畜牧．2001，(2)．33～33，39
19．黄玉德．苜蓿草粉对蛋黄色泽的影响．饲料研究．199l，(1)．27～27
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