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飞行视景仿真系统研究与开发
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摘要
随着计算机仿真技术的发展,仿真技术越来越广泛地应用于导弹等武器的研制。然而对于像导弹系统这样的大系统仿真将产生大量的数据,工程技术人员要分析这些数据是非常费时的而且分析过程又显得非常枯燥。视景仿真采用计算机图形图像技术,根据仿真目的,构造仿真对象的三维模型或再现真实的环境,能够达到非常逼真的仿真效果,客观、实时地再现仿真过程,可以为导弹飞行仿真、航迹规划等提供一种直观、便捷的仿真分析手段。
     本文针对当前国内在飞行仿真中对可视化系统开发的迫切需求,采用当前可视化开发的先进技术,研究开发了某型空面导弹的飞行视景仿真系统,并对视景仿真中的几个关键技术进行初步研究。
     本文首先分析了视景系统的构成和视景的生成过程,视景系统的图形管道流水线处理方式和多进程的视景渲染机制,以及实现视景的实时生成与显示的几种常用的技术。
     接着研究了视景仿真系统中的三维地形的建模过程,包括地形的数据源、数字高程模型和对数字高程模型的表面建模生成三维地形模型。并论述了视景仿真中的大地形的处理,包括实现大地形的实时显示的两种方法和Vega中的大面积地形数据库管理。
     根据飞行仿真的需要,采用模块化和面向对象的思想,建立了某型空面导弹的弹道仿真模型,并对模型进行模块划分,论文详细介绍了各个模块的功能、数学关系式和输入输出。同时还介绍了仿真模型的数据结构、仿真算法、基于消息驱动的仿真机制以及弹道仿真程序与视景系统的数据接口。弹道仿真程序与视景仿真程序按照分布仿真的思想,通过SBS实时网络作为网络中介,组成一个较为完整的飞行仿真系统。
     文章最后介绍了视景仿真软件的设计与实现,给出了视景仿真软件的设计思路,并按照设计思路开发了可在外部进行装配定制的视景仿真软件,视景仿真软件通过SBS网络接收弹道仿真程序的仿真数据,实时反映弹道仿真的全过程。
     本文所搭建的以SBS实时网络为中介的由弹道仿真程序和视景仿真程序组成的飞行仿真系统,在工程实践中有一定的实用价值和借鉴意义。
With the development of computer simulation technology, simulation technology has been more and more widely applied to the weapon system design such as missile system. But the missile system simulation will generate a great number of data as simulation result, engineer should take much time to analyze the data, and the analysis is boring. According to simulation purpose, build up the 3D model of simulation objects, and take advantage of computer graphics technology, scene simulation can create a vivid virtual scene, objectively express the simulation process in image style. Scene simulation provides flight simulation an efficient analysis means.
    Considering the current domestic urgent requirement on visual system in flight simulation, use advanced technology of development of visual system, a flight scene simulation system on a certain type air-to-ground missile is developed. The following aspects are mainly studied in this paper.
    Firstly, some objects of scene simulation were discussed, include how to develop a scene simulation system, elements that build up a scene simulation system, graphics pipeline of scene simulation, and multi-process render style. Some methods that used to display virtual scene in real time are studied as well.
    Secondly, 3D terrain processing is studied, include the data source of terrains, digital elevation model, and surface process of digital elevation model. Large terrain in scene simulation is also discussed, include two methods that used to display large terrain in real time and LADBM (Large Area Data Base Manage) module in Vega.
    According to the purpose of the flight simulation, adopting the object-oriented (OO) technology, a simulation model for a certain type air-to-ground missile trajectory simulation is set up. The model makes up with some modules, such as dynamics subsystem and control subsystem. In this paper these modules are discussed in detail. Data structure and simulation algorithms and data interface to scene simulation are also discussed. Use distributed simulation methodology, missile trajectory simulation and scene simulation make up a relatively complete flight simulation system through SBS real-time network as intermedium.
    At the end of this paper, scene simulation software design is discussed, include design idea and the detail design process according to the design idea. A scene
    
    
    
    simulation software whose scene can be customized is developed. The scene simulation program get data from trajectory simulation program and objectively express the full process of the trajectory simulation.
    In engineering practice, the flight simulation system made up with missile trajectory simulation and scene simulation through SBS real-time network mentioned in this paper has some value.
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