猪用绿色饲料添加剂的开发与应用研究
摘要
本实验选择平均体重为15kg，平均日龄为40天的40头断乳仔猪，分为4个组，每组10头，在试验组1添加蜂胶、试验组2添加蜂胶和Penac-T，试验组3添加Penac-T，对照组不加，从仔猪生长至育肥结束出栏进行了为期122天的饲养试验。研究了绿色饲料添加剂蜂胶及Penac-T在对猪生产性能、血液生化指标、胴体品质及肉质品质的影响。
结果表明：(1)从生产性能影响来看，蜂胶、Penac-T及两者混合作用可提高猪的生长性能(P＜0.05)和饲料利用率(P＜0.05)；在育肥期，各试验组的饲料中的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维的消化率得到提高。(2)血液生化测定结果表明，蜂胶、Penac-T可提高血清总蛋白含量(P＜0.01)，有利于猪体代谢水平的提高；降低血清总脂和血清BUN含量(P＜0.01)，使饲料中的蛋白质利用率得到改善；AKP活性在正常范围内得到提高(P＜0.01)，GPT活性也同时得到提高(P＜0.05)。(3)从胴体品质和肉质测定结果来看，蜂胶Penac-T对降低背膘厚、皮脂率，提高眼肌面积和瘦肉率的作用不明显(P＞0.05)，肉中的人体必须氨基酸含量高于对照组(P＜0.01)，亚油酸(C18：2)含量得到提高(P＜0.05)，同时，试验组1、试验组2和试验组3分别降低胆固醇15.71％(P＜0.05)、63.22％(P＜0.01)和42.15％(P＜0.01)。(4)从经济效益分析情况看，绿色饲料添加剂蜂胶和Penac-T可促进养猪经济效益的提高。
The piglets were allotted randomly to four groups. There were ten piglets weaned at 40d of age in group 1 or 2 or 3 or control group. The basel diets of these groups were supplemented with the green feed additives. Group 1 with propolish, group 2 with propolish and Penac-T, grpoup 3with Penac-T and control group was not. Feed experiment lasted for 122 days. The results were as follows:
(1)The addition of the green feed additives significantly increased the average daily gains (P<0.05) and the ratios of feed to gain(P<0.05); (2) The green feed additives could increase the contents of serum protein and serum alkaline phosphatase(P<0.01) and reduce the contents of serum total lipid and urea nitrogen(P<0.01) and increase the activation of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(P<0.05). (3) The green feed additives markedly increased the contents of essential amino acid(P<0.01) and C18:2(P<0.05); Improved meat color and muscle marbling but not increased the eye muscle area and not reduced the average back thickness(P>0.05) and significantly reduced the contents of meal choleterol(group2 and group3 : P<0.01; group1 : P<0.05 ). (4) The green feed additives could increase the economic return for the producers.
结果表明：(1)从生产性能影响来看，蜂胶、Penac-T及两者混合作用可提高猪的生长性能(P＜0.05)和饲料利用率(P＜0.05)；在育肥期，各试验组的饲料中的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维的消化率得到提高。(2)血液生化测定结果表明，蜂胶、Penac-T可提高血清总蛋白含量(P＜0.01)，有利于猪体代谢水平的提高；降低血清总脂和血清BUN含量(P＜0.01)，使饲料中的蛋白质利用率得到改善；AKP活性在正常范围内得到提高(P＜0.01)，GPT活性也同时得到提高(P＜0.05)。(3)从胴体品质和肉质测定结果来看，蜂胶Penac-T对降低背膘厚、皮脂率，提高眼肌面积和瘦肉率的作用不明显(P＞0.05)，肉中的人体必须氨基酸含量高于对照组(P＜0.01)，亚油酸(C18：2)含量得到提高(P＜0.05)，同时，试验组1、试验组2和试验组3分别降低胆固醇15.71％(P＜0.05)、63.22％(P＜0.01)和42.15％(P＜0.01)。(4)从经济效益分析情况看，绿色饲料添加剂蜂胶和Penac-T可促进养猪经济效益的提高。
The piglets were allotted randomly to four groups. There were ten piglets weaned at 40d of age in group 1 or 2 or 3 or control group. The basel diets of these groups were supplemented with the green feed additives. Group 1 with propolish, group 2 with propolish and Penac-T, grpoup 3with Penac-T and control group was not. Feed experiment lasted for 122 days. The results were as follows:
(1)The addition of the green feed additives significantly increased the average daily gains (P<0.05) and the ratios of feed to gain(P<0.05); (2) The green feed additives could increase the contents of serum protein and serum alkaline phosphatase(P<0.01) and reduce the contents of serum total lipid and urea nitrogen(P<0.01) and increase the activation of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(P<0.05). (3) The green feed additives markedly increased the contents of essential amino acid(P<0.01) and C18:2(P<0.05); Improved meat color and muscle marbling but not increased the eye muscle area and not reduced the average back thickness(P>0.05) and significantly reduced the contents of meal choleterol(group2 and group3 : P<0.01; group1 : P<0.05 ). (4) The green feed additives could increase the economic return for the producers.
引文
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[2]房柱．蜂胶[M]．太原：山西科学技术出版社，1999
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[4]张常书，肖怀平．代抗生素(绿色)饲料添加剂的开发应用．兽药与饲料添加剂，1998，3(2)：19-22
[5]石现瑞，高峰等．抗生素添加的负面效应及其替代品的研究．饲料博览，2000，(3)：24-26
[6]邹胜龙，冯定远．猪肉品质的评定指标及影响因素．中国饲料，2000，(20)：31-32
[7]张昌莲．抗生素药物添加剂的替代品——营养保健添加剂的研究及应用前景．畜禽业。1999，(9)：30-32
[8]程忠刚．营养保健添加的研究及应用．饲料工业．1998，(5)：6-11
[9]马君，赵玉君等．蜂胶及其应用．动物医学进展．2002，21(1)：16-18
[10]杨立彬，李德发．日粮营养水平对生长猪生产性能、胴体品质和肉品质的影响．饲料研究，2000，(11)：10-11
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[24]黄文诚．蜂胶的化学成分和生物学活性．蜜蜂杂志．1998，(6)：9-14
[26]乞永艳，骆尚骅，刘富海．蜂胶抗氧化作用进展．蜜蜂杂志．2002，(12)：3-5
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[28]梁郁强，王俊，刘江，等．蜂胶抗菌作用的研究[J]．中国养蜂，1999，50(4)：5-6
[29]张伟，韩友文．铬对动物体内分泌代谢与免疫功能的影响．中国饲料．2000(9)：14-16
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[2]房柱．蜂胶[M]．太原：山西科学技术出版社，1999
[3]田允波．葛长容．韩剑从等．绿色饲料添加的研制与开发．饲料工业．1999，20(4)：43-46
[4]张常书，肖怀平．代抗生素(绿色)饲料添加剂的开发应用．兽药与饲料添加剂，1998，3(2)：19-22
[5]石现瑞，高峰等．抗生素添加的负面效应及其替代品的研究．饲料博览，2000，(3)：24-26
[6]邹胜龙，冯定远．猪肉品质的评定指标及影响因素．中国饲料，2000，(20)：31-32
[7]张昌莲．抗生素药物添加剂的替代品——营养保健添加剂的研究及应用前景．畜禽业。1999，(9)：30-32
[8]程忠刚．营养保健添加的研究及应用．饲料工业．1998，(5)：6-11
[9]马君，赵玉君等．蜂胶及其应用．动物医学进展．2002，21(1)：16-18
[10]杨立彬，李德发．日粮营养水平对生长猪生产性能、胴体品质和肉品质的影响．饲料研究，2000，(11)：10-11
[11]刘富海，许正鼎等主编．神奇蜂胶疗法[M]．北京：中国农业出版社，1997，201-203
[12]管武太，李德发，等．[J]．北京农业大学学报，1994，113—118．
[13]白凤梅，蔡同一等．类黄酮生物活性及其机理的研究进展[J]．食品科学．1999(8)11—13
[14]王丽娟，梅生棠．饲料营养对猪肉品质的调控．动物营养．2002，(2)：27-29
[15]王贻节．蜜蜂产品学[M]．北京：农业出版社，1995，289．
[16]梁纪兰，高芳等．蜂胶的药理特性及其应用．甘肃畜牧科技．1997，(2)：24-26
[17]房柱．蜂胶的抗癌作用．中国养蜂．1998，Vol79．NO．4
[18]黄卫平，刘放等．蜂胶的研究进展．养蜂科技．1998，(5)：6-11
[19]郭伽，周立东等．蜂胶的化学成份研究进展(综述)．中国养蜂．2000，(2)：17-18
[20]西尼亚夫．A．Φ．神奇的蜂胶．中国养蜂．1993，(2)：41-43
[21]张文建．日粮中添加蜂胶饲喂生长育肥猪的效果观察．饲料博览．2002，(3)：38-39
[22]吕泽田，姜德勇，田惠争．蜂胶中黄酮类化合物抑制肿瘤作用的试验与应用．蜜蜂杂志．1999，(3)：8-10
[23]黄文诚．蜂胶中的抗菌和抗肿瘤成分——阿替匹林．蜜蜂杂志。2002，(4)：7-8
[24]黄文诚．蜂胶的化学成分和生物学活性．蜜蜂杂志．1998，(6)：9-14
[26]乞永艳，骆尚骅，刘富海．蜂胶抗氧化作用进展．蜜蜂杂志．2002，(12)：3-5
[27]乞永艳，骆尚骅，刘富海．蜂胶乙醇提取物抗氧化性能研究．食品科技．2000，(4)：43-44
[28]梁郁强，王俊，刘江，等．蜂胶抗菌作用的研究[J]．中国养蜂，1999，50(4)：5-6
[29]张伟，韩友文．铬对动物体内分泌代谢与免疫功能的影响．中国饲料．2000(9)：14-16
[30]张伟，韩友文．维生素E与免疫功能影响的研究进展．中国饲料．2000(12)：14-16
[31]王得前．维生素C的生物学功能及在畜禽生产中的应用．2002(7)：29-30
[33]董霞，兰建强等．蜂胶防治大田烟草病害效果试验．蜜蜂杂志．2001(9)：6-7
[34]李里特．有机农业和绿色食品．中国农学会．中国农业可持续性发展研究．北京：中国农业科技出版社，1997．217
[35]梁扩寰，李绍白．肝脏病学[M]．北京：人民卫生出版社，1995．
[36]Chung, YK and Mahan, DC:The relative efficacy of injictable free or esterified DL-a-tocophreol in young pigs. Korean J.Anim. Sci.,38(2):153-158,1996.
[37]Grandhi, RR: Apparent absorbation and retention of nutrients during the postweaning period in sows fed supplemental fat or lysine.J.Anim.Sci., 74:1-6,1994.
[39]Jeon, BS,Kwang,JH,yoo,YH,Cha, JO and Park, HS: Effects of feeding enzymes, probiotics or yucca powder on pig growth and odor-generating substance in feces. Korean J. Anim. Sci,. 38(1): 52-58,1996
[40]Jones, SDM, Cliplef, RL, Fortin, AF, McKay, RM, Murray, AC, Pommier, SA, Sather, AP and Schaefer, AL: Production and ante-mortem factors influencing prok quality. Pig News and information 15: 15N.18N,1994.
[41]Kang, SW, Han, IK, Choi, YI and Yang, CJ: Effects of dietary cimaterol om growth rate and carcass characteristics in oigs. Korean J. Anita. Sci., 36(6):649-660,1994.
[42]Kim, DH, Um, JS, Nam, DS and Paik, IK: the effects of dietary plasma portien replacer in weanling pigs. Korean J. Anita. Sci., 38(4): 375-382,1996.
[43]Kim, TJ, Kim, JB, Lee,CH, Lee, WC and Yoo, HJ: Development of analytical
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