四种镍钛圆丝在两种模拟口腔环境中力学性能的比较研究
摘要
研究目的
比较四种不同品牌的镍钛圆丝在人工唾液和含氟人工唾液中疲劳性能的差异,并分析探讨氟化物对其疲劳性能的影响,为临床上镍钛丝的选择和局部氟制剂的应用提供参考。
材料和方法
选用不同公司生产的直径为0.41mm的预成弓形镍钛圆丝,分别为3M超弹镍钛丝、AO镍钛记忆丝、中国镍钛牙弓丝、Ormco镍钛丝,每种弓丝共截取16根2cm长的末端,并各取8根用人工唾液和含氟人工唾液浸泡一周,采用DMA 242C型动态力学分析仪进行动态力学实验至弓丝断裂,记录实验时间和弓丝的储能模量,扫描电镜观察实验前和实验后镍钛丝的表面和断面结构。
结果
1同一种镍钛丝在不同溶液中浸泡后疲劳寿命之间的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);浸泡于同一种溶液中的不同镍钛丝之间的疲劳寿命差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),在含氟人工唾液组中3M镍钛丝和AO镍钛丝的疲劳寿命长于另外两种镍钛丝,其中中国镍钛牙弓丝的疲劳寿命最短;在人工唾液组中3M镍钛丝、AO镍钛丝、Ormco镍钛丝的疲劳寿命均长于中国镍钛牙弓丝。
2同一种镍钛丝在不同溶液中浸泡后储能模量之间的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);四种镍钛丝在断裂前储能模量都较稳定,浸泡在同一种溶液中的不同镍钛丝之间的储能模量差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),在含氟人工唾液组中3M镍钛丝的储能模量最小,其他三种弓丝的储能模量之间无统计学差异,在人工唾液组中储能模量最小的是3M镍钛丝,储能模量最大的是Ormco镍钛丝。
3四种镍钛丝断面的电镜扫描图像显示,3M镍钛丝和AO镍钛丝的横截面为多孔结构,中国镍钛牙弓丝的横截面较光滑,Ormco镍钛丝的横截面为条纹状结构;3M镍钛丝、AO镍钛丝、Ormco镍钛丝实验后的断面都可见到大量的贝纹线,中国镍钛牙弓丝的贝纹线则非常稀疏,四种镍钛丝在两种液体中浸泡后表面都可见到点蚀现象的发生。
结论
1在四种镍钛丝中,3M镍钛丝和AO镍钛丝的疲劳寿命较中国镍钛牙弓丝和Ormco镍钛丝长,中国镍钛牙弓丝的疲劳寿命最短。
2四种镍钛丝在断裂前机械性能均较恒定,其中3M镍钛丝的韧性最好,Ormco镍钛丝的韧性最差。
3氟化物不影响这四种镍钛丝的疲劳性能和机械性能。
Objective The purpose of this paper is to provide some references for the selections of nickel-titanium-based(Ni-Ti) orthodontic wires and the application of fluoride in clinical practice,making the comparion of the fatigue properties differences of round Ni-Ti wires of four different brands in artificial saliva and fluoride artificial saliva, and the analysis of the effect of fluoride on the fatigue properties of the four-different-brands of Ni-Ti orthodontic wires.
Materials and methods The 2cm extremities of four-different-brands Ni-Ti archwires,including Nitinol SuperElastic(3M),Ni-Ti Memory Wire(AO),Chinese Ni-Ti archwires,Kleen Pak~(TM) System NiTi(Ormco),were selected for the study.For each brand,sixteen specimens were chosen,half of which was immersed into artificial saliva while the others into the fluoride artificial saliva.After a week,the dynamic mechanics analysis was carried out until the wire fracture.The experiment time and the storage modulus of the orthodontic wires were recorded.Scanning electron microscopy was used to scan the surfaces and the fracture surfaces of the Ni-Ti orthodontic wires before and after the experiment.
Results
1 There're no significant differences in fatigue lives of the same Ni-Ti orthodontic immersing into artificial saliva and fluoride artificial saliva(P＞0.05).There're significant differences in fatigue lives between Ni-Ti orthodontic wires of the different brands immersing into the same solution(P＜0.05).For the fluoride artificial saliva group,the 3M and AO Ni-Ti orthodontic wires showed the longer fatigue live than the other two Ni-Ti wires,while the Chinese Ni-Ti wire showed the shortest one. For the artificial saliva group,3M,AO and Ormco Ni-Ti wires showed longer fatigue lives than the Chinese Ni-Ti wire.
2 There're no significant differences in storage modules of the same Ni-Ti orthodontic immersing into artificial saliva and fluoride artificial saliva(P＞0.05).Every Ni-Ti orthodontic wires showed stable storage modules before fracture.There're significant differences in storage modules between Ni-Ti orthodontic wires of different brands immersing into the same solution(P＜0.05).Among the fluoride artificial saliva group, 3M Ni-Ti orthodontic wire had the minimum storage module in the fluoride artificial saliva.However,there're no significant differences in storage modules among Ni-Ti orthodontic wires of the other three brands.For the artificial saliva group,the 3M Ni-Ti orthodontic wire showed the minimum storage module while the Ormco Ni-Ti wire showed the maximum one.
3 The scanning electron micrographs showed that the fracture surfaces of 3M and AO Ni-Ti wires were porous structure while the Chinese one was smoother.The fracture surface of the Ormco Ni-Ti orthodontic wire presented strip structure.There're many shell dermal ridges on the fracture surfaces of the 3M,AO and Ormco Ni-Ti orthodontic wires.However,when it came to the Chinese Ni-Ti orthodontic wire,they were rare.Spot corrosion was observed on the surfaces of Ni-Ti orthodontic wires of four brands immersing into both solutions.
Conclusion
1 Among these four orthodontic wires,the fatigue lives of 3M and AO Ni-Ti orthodontic wires were longer than Ormco and Chinese Ni-Ti orthodontic wires,the Chinese Ni-Ti orthodontic wire has the shortest fatigue lives.
2 The Ni-Ti orthodontic wires of all brands in this study have stable mechanical properties.Among which,the 3M Ni-Ti orthodontic wire has the strongest toughness while the Ormco Ni-Ti orthodontic wire has the weakest one.
3 There is no effect of fluoride on the fatigue properties and mechanical properties of the Ni-Ti orthodontic wires in this study.
比较四种不同品牌的镍钛圆丝在人工唾液和含氟人工唾液中疲劳性能的差异,并分析探讨氟化物对其疲劳性能的影响,为临床上镍钛丝的选择和局部氟制剂的应用提供参考。
材料和方法
选用不同公司生产的直径为0.41mm的预成弓形镍钛圆丝,分别为3M超弹镍钛丝、AO镍钛记忆丝、中国镍钛牙弓丝、Ormco镍钛丝,每种弓丝共截取16根2cm长的末端,并各取8根用人工唾液和含氟人工唾液浸泡一周,采用DMA 242C型动态力学分析仪进行动态力学实验至弓丝断裂,记录实验时间和弓丝的储能模量,扫描电镜观察实验前和实验后镍钛丝的表面和断面结构。
结果
1同一种镍钛丝在不同溶液中浸泡后疲劳寿命之间的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);浸泡于同一种溶液中的不同镍钛丝之间的疲劳寿命差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),在含氟人工唾液组中3M镍钛丝和AO镍钛丝的疲劳寿命长于另外两种镍钛丝,其中中国镍钛牙弓丝的疲劳寿命最短;在人工唾液组中3M镍钛丝、AO镍钛丝、Ormco镍钛丝的疲劳寿命均长于中国镍钛牙弓丝。
2同一种镍钛丝在不同溶液中浸泡后储能模量之间的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);四种镍钛丝在断裂前储能模量都较稳定,浸泡在同一种溶液中的不同镍钛丝之间的储能模量差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),在含氟人工唾液组中3M镍钛丝的储能模量最小,其他三种弓丝的储能模量之间无统计学差异,在人工唾液组中储能模量最小的是3M镍钛丝,储能模量最大的是Ormco镍钛丝。
3四种镍钛丝断面的电镜扫描图像显示,3M镍钛丝和AO镍钛丝的横截面为多孔结构,中国镍钛牙弓丝的横截面较光滑,Ormco镍钛丝的横截面为条纹状结构;3M镍钛丝、AO镍钛丝、Ormco镍钛丝实验后的断面都可见到大量的贝纹线,中国镍钛牙弓丝的贝纹线则非常稀疏,四种镍钛丝在两种液体中浸泡后表面都可见到点蚀现象的发生。
结论
1在四种镍钛丝中,3M镍钛丝和AO镍钛丝的疲劳寿命较中国镍钛牙弓丝和Ormco镍钛丝长,中国镍钛牙弓丝的疲劳寿命最短。
2四种镍钛丝在断裂前机械性能均较恒定,其中3M镍钛丝的韧性最好,Ormco镍钛丝的韧性最差。
3氟化物不影响这四种镍钛丝的疲劳性能和机械性能。
Objective The purpose of this paper is to provide some references for the selections of nickel-titanium-based(Ni-Ti) orthodontic wires and the application of fluoride in clinical practice,making the comparion of the fatigue properties differences of round Ni-Ti wires of four different brands in artificial saliva and fluoride artificial saliva, and the analysis of the effect of fluoride on the fatigue properties of the four-different-brands of Ni-Ti orthodontic wires.
Materials and methods The 2cm extremities of four-different-brands Ni-Ti archwires,including Nitinol SuperElastic(3M),Ni-Ti Memory Wire(AO),Chinese Ni-Ti archwires,Kleen Pak~(TM) System NiTi(Ormco),were selected for the study.For each brand,sixteen specimens were chosen,half of which was immersed into artificial saliva while the others into the fluoride artificial saliva.After a week,the dynamic mechanics analysis was carried out until the wire fracture.The experiment time and the storage modulus of the orthodontic wires were recorded.Scanning electron microscopy was used to scan the surfaces and the fracture surfaces of the Ni-Ti orthodontic wires before and after the experiment.
Results
1 There're no significant differences in fatigue lives of the same Ni-Ti orthodontic immersing into artificial saliva and fluoride artificial saliva(P＞0.05).There're significant differences in fatigue lives between Ni-Ti orthodontic wires of the different brands immersing into the same solution(P＜0.05).For the fluoride artificial saliva group,the 3M and AO Ni-Ti orthodontic wires showed the longer fatigue live than the other two Ni-Ti wires,while the Chinese Ni-Ti wire showed the shortest one. For the artificial saliva group,3M,AO and Ormco Ni-Ti wires showed longer fatigue lives than the Chinese Ni-Ti wire.
2 There're no significant differences in storage modules of the same Ni-Ti orthodontic immersing into artificial saliva and fluoride artificial saliva(P＞0.05).Every Ni-Ti orthodontic wires showed stable storage modules before fracture.There're significant differences in storage modules between Ni-Ti orthodontic wires of different brands immersing into the same solution(P＜0.05).Among the fluoride artificial saliva group, 3M Ni-Ti orthodontic wire had the minimum storage module in the fluoride artificial saliva.However,there're no significant differences in storage modules among Ni-Ti orthodontic wires of the other three brands.For the artificial saliva group,the 3M Ni-Ti orthodontic wire showed the minimum storage module while the Ormco Ni-Ti wire showed the maximum one.
3 The scanning electron micrographs showed that the fracture surfaces of 3M and AO Ni-Ti wires were porous structure while the Chinese one was smoother.The fracture surface of the Ormco Ni-Ti orthodontic wire presented strip structure.There're many shell dermal ridges on the fracture surfaces of the 3M,AO and Ormco Ni-Ti orthodontic wires.However,when it came to the Chinese Ni-Ti orthodontic wire,they were rare.Spot corrosion was observed on the surfaces of Ni-Ti orthodontic wires of four brands immersing into both solutions.
Conclusion
1 Among these four orthodontic wires,the fatigue lives of 3M and AO Ni-Ti orthodontic wires were longer than Ormco and Chinese Ni-Ti orthodontic wires,the Chinese Ni-Ti orthodontic wire has the shortest fatigue lives.
2 The Ni-Ti orthodontic wires of all brands in this study have stable mechanical properties.Among which,the 3M Ni-Ti orthodontic wire has the strongest toughness while the Ormco Ni-Ti orthodontic wire has the weakest one.
3 There is no effect of fluoride on the fatigue properties and mechanical properties of the Ni-Ti orthodontic wires in this study.
引文
[1]吴光炜.口腔正畸用弓丝折断的原因分析[J].南京医科大学学报,2000,20(1):81.
[2]曹军.口腔正畸Ricketts生物渐进性技术[M].第1版,西安:第四军医大学出版社,2006:2-3.
[3]吴小玉,薛淼.矫治弓丝材料的力学性能分析[J].国外医学.口腔医学分册,1989,6:332-334.
[4]许天民,林久祥.正畸弓丝的性能及其临床应用[J].国外医学口腔医学分册.1992.19(2):94-98.
[5]Buehler W.J,Gilfrich J.V,Wiley R.C.Effect of Low-Temperature Phase Changes on the Mechanical Properties of Alloys near Composition TiNi[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1963,34(5):1475-1477.
[6]Bartzela TN,Senn C,Wichelhaus A.Load-deflection characteristics of superelastic nickel-titanium wires[J].Angle Orthod,2007,77(6):991-998.
[7]Thayer TA,Bagby MD,Moore RN.X-ray diffraction of nitinol orthodontic arch wires[J].Am J Orthod Dentofac Orhop,1995,107(6):604-612.
[8]Kujala S,Ryhanen J,Danilov A,Tuukkanen J.Effect of porosity on the osteointegration and bone ingrowth of a weight-bearing nickel-titanium bone graft substitute[J].Biomaterials,2003,24(25):4691-4697.
[9]Seung-Baik Kang,Kang-Sup Yoon,Ji-Soon Kim,Tae-Hyun Nam,Gjunter Victor E.In vivo results of porous TiNi shape memory alloy:Bone response and growth[J].Materials Transactions,2002,43(5):1045-1048.
[10]诸幼义.形状记忆合金在医学应用研究的新动向[J].医用生物力学,1995,10(2):1-3.
[11]Li B.Y,Rong J.L,Li Y.L.Porous NITi alloy prepared from element Powder sintering[J].J.Mater.Res,1998,13(10):2847-2851.
[12]Martynov I,Skorohod V,Solonin S.Shape memory and superelasticity behavior of porous Ti-Ni material[J].J de Physique,1991,4(1):421.
[13]曾祥龙.镍钛合金弓丝[J].口腔正畸学,2001,8(1):39-43.
[14]郭天文.口腔科用钛理论和技术[M].北京,人民军医出版社,2005:164.
[15]卢红飞,艾虹,王大为,刘国萍.镍钛丝与附开大垂直曲的澳丝在前牙反骀矫治中的应用比较[J].广东牙病防治,2000,8(S1):329-330.
[16]李雪艳,吴斌,俞立英.上前牙严重舌倾的澳丝与镍钛丝矫正比较[J].中国临床医学,2004,11(4):632-633.
[17]李罡,冯云霞,武红梅,张春香,韩冰,弓国梁.不同摇椅形镍钛丝力学性能的比较分析[J].山西医科大学学报,2008,39(4):378-380.
[18]曹军,段银钟,张云飞.双股直钛镍丝扩弓应用的临床研究[J].口腔正畸学,1997,4(4):169-171.
[19]Gorelick L,Geiger AM,Ginnett AJ.Incidence of white spot formation after bonding and banding[J].Am J Orthod,1982,81:93-98.
[20]胡炜,王勤.口腔正畸固定矫治器应用中牙釉质脱矿的临床调查[J].口腔正畸学,2001,8(2):51-54.
[21]黄晓峰,张丁.使用正畸菌斑指数评价固定矫治器患者的菌斑分布状况[J].北京口腔医学,2005,1 3(4):234-239.
[22]Jordan C,LeBlanc DJ.Influences of orthodontic appliances on oral populations of mutans st reptococci[J].Oral Microbiol Immunol,2002,17(2):652-711.
[23]徐学良,张梅,卞野勉.正畸与非正畸儿童龋病活跃性的比较[J].实用口腔医学杂志,2003,19(6):634-636.
[24]张永忠,胡渝芳.固定矫治器对正畸患者龋病活跃性的影响[J].辽宁医学杂志,2008,22(4):188-190.
[25]章卓鸣.综合防治措施对正畸儿童龋的影响[J].浙江预防医学,2006,18(2):54-56.
[26]Bradshaw DJ,Marsh PD,Hodgson RJ.Effects of glucose and fluoride on competition and metabolism within in vitro dental bacterial communities and biofilms[J].Caries Res,2002,36(2):812-861.
[27]华咏梅,陈捷,Jean Gong.不同浓度含氟牙膏对正畸牙龋病与脱矿的预防效果[J].华西口腔医学杂志,2006,24(2):146-147.
[28]陈亚刚,胡德渝,李克增,尹伟,冯岩.应用含氟漱口液防治正畸治疗中釉质脱矿 的临床研究[J].徐州医学院学报,2007,27(7):467-469.
[29]陈亚刚,邢牧,佘玲,彭玲玲.含氟漱口液在正畸治疗中釉质脱矿的应用研究[J].现代预防医学,2008,35(19):3832-3834.
[30]徐芸,冯慧,穆锦全,陈文静.氟化泡沫防止正畸固定矫治患者釉质脱矿的实验研究[J].口腔医学,2008,28(5):266-267.
[31]Todd MA,Staley RN,Kanellis MJ.Effect of a fluoride varnish on demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets[J].Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop,1999,116(2):159-167.
[32]胡炜,傅民魁,王勤.氟涂料预防正畸治疗中釉质脱矿的实验研究[J].现代口腔医学杂志,2002,16(3):272-273.
[33]张晓燕.氟保护漆在正畸防脱矿中的应用研究[J].口腔医学,2003,23(3):155-156.
[34]蔡志斌,邓辉,倪振宇.两种局部用氟方法预防口腔固定正畸矫治中釉质脱矿的临床研究[J].牙体牙髓牙周病学杂志,2007,17(1):30-32.
[35]陈少武,吴敏.含氟复合体预防正畸治疗中釉质脱矿的临床研究[J].北京口腔医学,2003,11(3):144-145.
[36]Millett DT,McCluskey LA,McAuley F.A comparative clinical trial of a compomer and a resin adhesive for orthodontic bonding[J].Angle Orthod,2000,70(3):233.
[37]胡振梅,高振涛,王丽娟,林健.含氟酸蚀液防治正畸牙釉质脱矿的临床观察[J].实用口腔医学杂志,2006,22(1):29.
[38]李黎.氟元素与正畸治疗中牙釉质脱矿的关系探讨[J].微量元素与健康研究,2001,18(3):79.
[39]闫嘉群,李天侠,徐文秀,于肖洋.纯钛在不同漱口液中耐腐蚀性能的研究[J].口腔医学,2009,29(2):77-80.
[40]N Figueira,Silva T.M,Carmezim M.J,Fernandes J.C.S.Corrosion behaviour of NiTi alloy[J].Electrochimica Acta,2009,54(3):921-926
[41]Kwon YH,Cheon YD,Seo HJ,Lee JH,Kim HI.Changes on NiTi orthodontic wired due to acidic fluoride solution[J].Dent Mater J,2004,23(4):557-65.
[42]Watanabe I,Watanabe E.Surface changes induced by fluoride prophylactic agents on titanium-based orthodontic wires[J].American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics,2003,123(6):653-656.
[43]Bourauel C,Scharold W,Jager A,Eliades T.Fatigue failure of as-received and retrieved NiTi orthodontic archwires[J].dental materials,,2008,24(8):1095-1101.
[44]Eliadesa.T,Bourauel.C.Intraoral aging of orthodontic materials:the picture we miss and its clinical relevance[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,2005,127(4):403-412.
[45]Zinelis.S,Eliades.E,Pandis.I,Eliades.G,,Bourauel.C.Why do nickel-titanium archwires fracture intraorally? Fractographic analysis and failure mechanism of in-vivo fractured wires[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,2007,132(1):84-89.
[46]Wu S,Liu X,Chan YL,Chu PK,Chung CY,Chu C,Yeung KW,Lu WW,Cheung KM,Luk KD.Nickel release behavior and surface characteristics of porous NiTi shape memory alloy modified by different chemical processes[J].J Biomed Mater Res A,2009,89(2):483-489.
[47]Wu S,Liu X,Chan YL,Ho JP,Chung CY,Chu PK,Chu CL,Yeung KW,Lu WW,Cheung KM,Luk KD.Nickel release behavior,cytocompatibility,and superelasticity of oxidized porous single-phase NiTi[J].J Biomed Mater Res A,2007,81(4):948-55.
[48]Slutsker J,Alexander L,Roytbard.Control of intrinsic instability of superelastic deformation[J].International jounal of plasticity,2002,18(11):1561-1581.
[49]Thamburagia P,Anand L.Superelastic behavior in tension-torsion of and initially textured Ti-Ni shape memory alloy[J].International journal of plasticity,2002,18(11):1607-1617.[50]Schiff.N,Grosgogeat.B,Lissac.M.M,Dalard.F.Influence of fluoridated mouthwashes on corrosion resistance of orthodontics wires[J].Biomaterials,2004,25(19):4535-4542.
[51]Prymak O,Klocke A,Kahl-Nieke B,Epple M.Fatigue of orthodontic nickel-titanium(NiTi) wires in different fluids under constant mechanical stress[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2004,378(1-2):110-114.
[52]李艳锋,米绪军,高宝东,谭冀.TiNi基形状记忆合金的疲劳行为研究现状[J].材料导报,2007,(6):84-86.
[53]杨恒,刘礼华,曹文涛,王兰英.热处理对镍钛合金丝材弯曲疲劳性能的影响[J].材料科学与工艺,1997,5(1):95-99.
[54]Eggeler G,Hornbogen E,YawnyA.Structural and functional ftigue of NiTi shape memory alloys[J].Materials Science and Engineering,2004,378(1-2):24-33.
[55]Wanger M,Sawaguchi T,Kaustrater G.,Hoffken D.Structural ftigue of pseudoelastic NiTi shape memory wires[J].Materials Science and Engineering,2004,1-2(378):105-109.
[56]徐建光,,步捷,李娜,宋楠.临床使用时间对正畸镍钛弓丝机械性能的影响[J].山东大学学报(医学版),2009,47(1):85-87.
[57]Wang JQ,Li XL,Rao G.B,Han EH,Wei K.Stress corrosion cracking of NiTi in artificial saliva[J].Dental materials,2007,23(2):133-137.
[58]Kwon YH,Jang CM,Jang JH,Park JH,Kim TH,Kim HI.Effect of fluoride released from fluoride-containing dental restoratives on NiTi orthodontic wires[J].Dent Mater J,2008,27(1):133-138.
[59]戚宝德,缪卫东,王江波,冯昭伟,朱明.杂质对Ti-55.8%Ni SMA 低周弯曲疲劳性能的影响[J].稀有金属,2008,32(2):52-56.
[60]饶光斌,王俭秋,韩恩厚.应力诱发马氏体相变对TiNi形状记忆合金疲劳过程影响的原位实验观察[J].金属学报,2002,38(6):575-582.
[61]董元源,任万才,王成名.镍钛记忆合金低周疲劳研究[J].机械工程材料,2004,[60]28(10):41-43.
[62]步捷.常用正畸镍钛弓丝机械性能的研究[D],山东大学,2007.
[63]孟康,张丁,傅民魁,孙志辉.多曲弓丝与国产超弹镍钛方丝载荷形变率的对比研究[J].口腔正畸学,2005,12(4):173-176.
[64]Walker M.P,White R.J,Kula K.S.Effect of fluoride prophylactic agents on the mechanical properties of nickel-titanium-based orthodontic wires[J].American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics,2005,127(6):662-669.
[65]任超超,白玉兴,秦晓桐.不同正畸镍钛矫正弓丝机械性能差异的对比研究[J]. 现代口腔医学杂志,2008,22(3):244-247.
[66]宋建成,成永红,高乃奎,谢恒堃.基于动态力学分析的大电机主绝缘老化诊断[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(5):99-105.
[67]张钧林,严标,王德平,袁华.材料科学基础[M].第一版,北京,化学工业出版社,2006,325.
[68]卞金有.预防口腔医学[M].第5版,北京,人民卫生出版社,2008:145-146.
[2]曹军.口腔正畸Ricketts生物渐进性技术[M].第1版,西安:第四军医大学出版社,2006:2-3.
[3]吴小玉,薛淼.矫治弓丝材料的力学性能分析[J].国外医学.口腔医学分册,1989,6:332-334.
[4]许天民,林久祥.正畸弓丝的性能及其临床应用[J].国外医学口腔医学分册.1992.19(2):94-98.
[5]Buehler W.J,Gilfrich J.V,Wiley R.C.Effect of Low-Temperature Phase Changes on the Mechanical Properties of Alloys near Composition TiNi[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1963,34(5):1475-1477.
[6]Bartzela TN,Senn C,Wichelhaus A.Load-deflection characteristics of superelastic nickel-titanium wires[J].Angle Orthod,2007,77(6):991-998.
[7]Thayer TA,Bagby MD,Moore RN.X-ray diffraction of nitinol orthodontic arch wires[J].Am J Orthod Dentofac Orhop,1995,107(6):604-612.
[8]Kujala S,Ryhanen J,Danilov A,Tuukkanen J.Effect of porosity on the osteointegration and bone ingrowth of a weight-bearing nickel-titanium bone graft substitute[J].Biomaterials,2003,24(25):4691-4697.
[9]Seung-Baik Kang,Kang-Sup Yoon,Ji-Soon Kim,Tae-Hyun Nam,Gjunter Victor E.In vivo results of porous TiNi shape memory alloy:Bone response and growth[J].Materials Transactions,2002,43(5):1045-1048.
[10]诸幼义.形状记忆合金在医学应用研究的新动向[J].医用生物力学,1995,10(2):1-3.
[11]Li B.Y,Rong J.L,Li Y.L.Porous NITi alloy prepared from element Powder sintering[J].J.Mater.Res,1998,13(10):2847-2851.
[12]Martynov I,Skorohod V,Solonin S.Shape memory and superelasticity behavior of porous Ti-Ni material[J].J de Physique,1991,4(1):421.
[13]曾祥龙.镍钛合金弓丝[J].口腔正畸学,2001,8(1):39-43.
[14]郭天文.口腔科用钛理论和技术[M].北京,人民军医出版社,2005:164.
[15]卢红飞,艾虹,王大为,刘国萍.镍钛丝与附开大垂直曲的澳丝在前牙反骀矫治中的应用比较[J].广东牙病防治,2000,8(S1):329-330.
[16]李雪艳,吴斌,俞立英.上前牙严重舌倾的澳丝与镍钛丝矫正比较[J].中国临床医学,2004,11(4):632-633.
[17]李罡,冯云霞,武红梅,张春香,韩冰,弓国梁.不同摇椅形镍钛丝力学性能的比较分析[J].山西医科大学学报,2008,39(4):378-380.
[18]曹军,段银钟,张云飞.双股直钛镍丝扩弓应用的临床研究[J].口腔正畸学,1997,4(4):169-171.
[19]Gorelick L,Geiger AM,Ginnett AJ.Incidence of white spot formation after bonding and banding[J].Am J Orthod,1982,81:93-98.
[20]胡炜,王勤.口腔正畸固定矫治器应用中牙釉质脱矿的临床调查[J].口腔正畸学,2001,8(2):51-54.
[21]黄晓峰,张丁.使用正畸菌斑指数评价固定矫治器患者的菌斑分布状况[J].北京口腔医学,2005,1 3(4):234-239.
[22]Jordan C,LeBlanc DJ.Influences of orthodontic appliances on oral populations of mutans st reptococci[J].Oral Microbiol Immunol,2002,17(2):652-711.
[23]徐学良,张梅,卞野勉.正畸与非正畸儿童龋病活跃性的比较[J].实用口腔医学杂志,2003,19(6):634-636.
[24]张永忠,胡渝芳.固定矫治器对正畸患者龋病活跃性的影响[J].辽宁医学杂志,2008,22(4):188-190.
[25]章卓鸣.综合防治措施对正畸儿童龋的影响[J].浙江预防医学,2006,18(2):54-56.
[26]Bradshaw DJ,Marsh PD,Hodgson RJ.Effects of glucose and fluoride on competition and metabolism within in vitro dental bacterial communities and biofilms[J].Caries Res,2002,36(2):812-861.
[27]华咏梅,陈捷,Jean Gong.不同浓度含氟牙膏对正畸牙龋病与脱矿的预防效果[J].华西口腔医学杂志,2006,24(2):146-147.
[28]陈亚刚,胡德渝,李克增,尹伟,冯岩.应用含氟漱口液防治正畸治疗中釉质脱矿 的临床研究[J].徐州医学院学报,2007,27(7):467-469.
[29]陈亚刚,邢牧,佘玲,彭玲玲.含氟漱口液在正畸治疗中釉质脱矿的应用研究[J].现代预防医学,2008,35(19):3832-3834.
[30]徐芸,冯慧,穆锦全,陈文静.氟化泡沫防止正畸固定矫治患者釉质脱矿的实验研究[J].口腔医学,2008,28(5):266-267.
[31]Todd MA,Staley RN,Kanellis MJ.Effect of a fluoride varnish on demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets[J].Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop,1999,116(2):159-167.
[32]胡炜,傅民魁,王勤.氟涂料预防正畸治疗中釉质脱矿的实验研究[J].现代口腔医学杂志,2002,16(3):272-273.
[33]张晓燕.氟保护漆在正畸防脱矿中的应用研究[J].口腔医学,2003,23(3):155-156.
[34]蔡志斌,邓辉,倪振宇.两种局部用氟方法预防口腔固定正畸矫治中釉质脱矿的临床研究[J].牙体牙髓牙周病学杂志,2007,17(1):30-32.
[35]陈少武,吴敏.含氟复合体预防正畸治疗中釉质脱矿的临床研究[J].北京口腔医学,2003,11(3):144-145.
[36]Millett DT,McCluskey LA,McAuley F.A comparative clinical trial of a compomer and a resin adhesive for orthodontic bonding[J].Angle Orthod,2000,70(3):233.
[37]胡振梅,高振涛,王丽娟,林健.含氟酸蚀液防治正畸牙釉质脱矿的临床观察[J].实用口腔医学杂志,2006,22(1):29.
[38]李黎.氟元素与正畸治疗中牙釉质脱矿的关系探讨[J].微量元素与健康研究,2001,18(3):79.
[39]闫嘉群,李天侠,徐文秀,于肖洋.纯钛在不同漱口液中耐腐蚀性能的研究[J].口腔医学,2009,29(2):77-80.
[40]N Figueira,Silva T.M,Carmezim M.J,Fernandes J.C.S.Corrosion behaviour of NiTi alloy[J].Electrochimica Acta,2009,54(3):921-926
[41]Kwon YH,Cheon YD,Seo HJ,Lee JH,Kim HI.Changes on NiTi orthodontic wired due to acidic fluoride solution[J].Dent Mater J,2004,23(4):557-65.
[42]Watanabe I,Watanabe E.Surface changes induced by fluoride prophylactic agents on titanium-based orthodontic wires[J].American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics,2003,123(6):653-656.
[43]Bourauel C,Scharold W,Jager A,Eliades T.Fatigue failure of as-received and retrieved NiTi orthodontic archwires[J].dental materials,,2008,24(8):1095-1101.
[44]Eliadesa.T,Bourauel.C.Intraoral aging of orthodontic materials:the picture we miss and its clinical relevance[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,2005,127(4):403-412.
[45]Zinelis.S,Eliades.E,Pandis.I,Eliades.G,,Bourauel.C.Why do nickel-titanium archwires fracture intraorally? Fractographic analysis and failure mechanism of in-vivo fractured wires[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,2007,132(1):84-89.
[46]Wu S,Liu X,Chan YL,Chu PK,Chung CY,Chu C,Yeung KW,Lu WW,Cheung KM,Luk KD.Nickel release behavior and surface characteristics of porous NiTi shape memory alloy modified by different chemical processes[J].J Biomed Mater Res A,2009,89(2):483-489.
[47]Wu S,Liu X,Chan YL,Ho JP,Chung CY,Chu PK,Chu CL,Yeung KW,Lu WW,Cheung KM,Luk KD.Nickel release behavior,cytocompatibility,and superelasticity of oxidized porous single-phase NiTi[J].J Biomed Mater Res A,2007,81(4):948-55.
[48]Slutsker J,Alexander L,Roytbard.Control of intrinsic instability of superelastic deformation[J].International jounal of plasticity,2002,18(11):1561-1581.
[49]Thamburagia P,Anand L.Superelastic behavior in tension-torsion of and initially textured Ti-Ni shape memory alloy[J].International journal of plasticity,2002,18(11):1607-1617.[50]Schiff.N,Grosgogeat.B,Lissac.M.M,Dalard.F.Influence of fluoridated mouthwashes on corrosion resistance of orthodontics wires[J].Biomaterials,2004,25(19):4535-4542.
[51]Prymak O,Klocke A,Kahl-Nieke B,Epple M.Fatigue of orthodontic nickel-titanium(NiTi) wires in different fluids under constant mechanical stress[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2004,378(1-2):110-114.
[52]李艳锋,米绪军,高宝东,谭冀.TiNi基形状记忆合金的疲劳行为研究现状[J].材料导报,2007,(6):84-86.
[53]杨恒,刘礼华,曹文涛,王兰英.热处理对镍钛合金丝材弯曲疲劳性能的影响[J].材料科学与工艺,1997,5(1):95-99.
[54]Eggeler G,Hornbogen E,YawnyA.Structural and functional ftigue of NiTi shape memory alloys[J].Materials Science and Engineering,2004,378(1-2):24-33.
[55]Wanger M,Sawaguchi T,Kaustrater G.,Hoffken D.Structural ftigue of pseudoelastic NiTi shape memory wires[J].Materials Science and Engineering,2004,1-2(378):105-109.
[56]徐建光,,步捷,李娜,宋楠.临床使用时间对正畸镍钛弓丝机械性能的影响[J].山东大学学报(医学版),2009,47(1):85-87.
[57]Wang JQ,Li XL,Rao G.B,Han EH,Wei K.Stress corrosion cracking of NiTi in artificial saliva[J].Dental materials,2007,23(2):133-137.
[58]Kwon YH,Jang CM,Jang JH,Park JH,Kim TH,Kim HI.Effect of fluoride released from fluoride-containing dental restoratives on NiTi orthodontic wires[J].Dent Mater J,2008,27(1):133-138.
[59]戚宝德,缪卫东,王江波,冯昭伟,朱明.杂质对Ti-55.8%Ni SMA 低周弯曲疲劳性能的影响[J].稀有金属,2008,32(2):52-56.
[60]饶光斌,王俭秋,韩恩厚.应力诱发马氏体相变对TiNi形状记忆合金疲劳过程影响的原位实验观察[J].金属学报,2002,38(6):575-582.
[61]董元源,任万才,王成名.镍钛记忆合金低周疲劳研究[J].机械工程材料,2004,[60]28(10):41-43.
[62]步捷.常用正畸镍钛弓丝机械性能的研究[D],山东大学,2007.
[63]孟康,张丁,傅民魁,孙志辉.多曲弓丝与国产超弹镍钛方丝载荷形变率的对比研究[J].口腔正畸学,2005,12(4):173-176.
[64]Walker M.P,White R.J,Kula K.S.Effect of fluoride prophylactic agents on the mechanical properties of nickel-titanium-based orthodontic wires[J].American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics,2005,127(6):662-669.
[65]任超超,白玉兴,秦晓桐.不同正畸镍钛矫正弓丝机械性能差异的对比研究[J]. 现代口腔医学杂志,2008,22(3):244-247.
[66]宋建成,成永红,高乃奎,谢恒堃.基于动态力学分析的大电机主绝缘老化诊断[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(5):99-105.
[67]张钧林,严标,王德平,袁华.材料科学基础[M].第一版,北京,化学工业出版社,2006,325.
[68]卞金有.预防口腔医学[M].第5版,北京,人民卫生出版社,2008:145-146.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |