交互式铁路线路方案比选决策支持系统技术的研究
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摘要
交互式铁路线路方案比选决策支持系统(Decision Support System—DSS)是铁路线路勘测设计计算机决策支持的主要部分。本文从系统分析和系统设计出发，对线路方案比选的工作流程进行了分析，提出了系统设计的总体目标，选择了适当的开发工具，完成了系统的设计和开发。该系统已被用于青藏线格拉段等多条建设项目的勘测设计中，使用效果良好，获国家工程勘察优秀计算机软件“铜奖”。
本文主要完成了以下几个方面的工作：以系统的观点对线路方案比选工作做了详细分析，设计了本系统的结构和功能；通过对线路方案比选过程中所涉及数据的分析，提出并实现了对线路方案比选综合数据的管理；通过对线路方案设计过程的分析，完成了交互式线路方案设计子系统的开发。在系统的开发过程中，解决了以下技术难点：
1、提出了交互式铁路线路方案比选DSS的设计思想与要求，为系统的开发应用打下了坚实的基础。
2、用面向对象的数据封装和继承技术实现了项目管理和方案数据的安全保护；
3、选择应用VC++DAO数据库应用技术，完成了方案比选共用数据库的开发；
4、用AutoCAD ObjectARX定制实体技术，实现了线路平面拖放式交互设计；
5、用VC++与AutoCAD相结合的多窗口编程技术，实现了平面、纵断面、横断面三种图形的对比显示，实现了纵断面交互设计、横断面定线和桥隧工程设置；
6、就纵断面优化在线路方案比选工作中的应用模式提出了自己的观点，并在系统开发中得到应用；
7、总结专业设计应用模式，建立了内插纵横断面地面高程、自动设桥、自动设隧数学模型。
论文共分六章，第一章阐述了铁路线路方案比选工作的重要性、DSS技术的应用、选择该课题的意义以及需要说明的几个问题。第二章通过对线路方案
第n页
比选常规工作方法的分析，完成了线路方案比选DSS的可行性分析、系统的总
体设计、开发系统的选择以及开发环境的建立。第三章分析了线路方案比选工
作过程中所涉及的数据情况以及数据管理方法，完成了方案比选综合数据管理
子系统的开发工作，第四章通过对线路平面交互设计、内插纵横断面地面高程、
纵断面自动与交互设计、横断面定线、桥隧工程设置等与交互设计密切相关的
重点模块的分析与设计，完成了交互式线路设计子系统的开发。第五章介绍了
本系统的应用情况，对一个应用实例进行了重点说明。第六章对全文进行了总
结，并提出了该系统今后的研究方向。
The Scheme Comparison of Railway Location by Interactive Design (SCRLID) DSS is the main part of the railway survey and design decision support. The thesis analyzes the flow of the SCRLID on the basis of system analysis and system design, puts forward the general goal of the system design, selects proper development tool, and completes the design and development of the system. The system has been used in several railway line with good result, such as: Ge Er Mu-La Sa section of Qing Zang line, etc. This software system won Prize of State Engineering Survey Design Excellent Software.
The thesis accomplishes the following works. Firstly, it designs the structure and functions of the system by the systematic analysis of the design work of the comparison of railway location projects. Then, by analyzing the data involved in SCRLID, the management of synthesis data in the design environment are proposed and implemented. Finally, according to the conventional flow of the SCRLID, the development of the subsystem of Interactive Design for Railway Location has been implemented. During the course of system development, some difficult problems are solved, they are:
1 This thesis proposed design idea and requirement of the SCRLID DSS, and provided a solid foundation for software system development and application.
2 Using technology of encapsulation and inheritance in object-oriented development, this thesis implemented project management function and safe protection of data.
3 By selecting and using VC++ DAO technology, This thesis implemented the SCRLID public database.
4 By using custom object mechanism of AutoCAD ObjectARX, This thesis implemented railway horizontal line drag- dropping interactive design.
5 By using multi-window programming technology to combine VC++ with AutoCAD, This thesis implemented comparison of plane, profile and across section, Interactive Design of profile, railway location by across section and setting location of bridge and tunnel.
6 This thesis expounded itself viewpoint on application model of profile
optimization in SCRLID, and has been used in system development. 7 By putting forward the summaries on the application model of professional design, this thesis established mathematics model of calculating terrain height of profile and across section, automatic setting location of the bridge and the tunnel.
The thesis consists of six chapters. In the first chapter, the importance of the SCRLID, application of the DSS technology, the significance of the research subject and several problems needed explanation are introduced. The second chapter analyzes the feasibility of the SCRLID DSS, designs the system totally, selects the development tools and establishes the development environment by the analysis of the conventional SCRLID method. In the third chapter, the data involved in the SCRLID and the method of the data management are discussed, and the development of the design environment synthesis data management subsystem is completed. In the fourth chapter, based on the analysis and design of some modules closely relating to interactive design, the thesis completes the development of the railway location interactive design subsystem, and these modules are: railway horizontal line interactive design, comparison of plane, profile and across section, automatic and interactive design of profile, designing railway location by across section and setting location of the bridge and the tunnel. In the fifth chapter, this thesis introduces application of SCRLID DSS, and specially introduces an example of the application. The sixth chapter concludes the overall development of the system and indicates the directions of further research.
本文主要完成了以下几个方面的工作：以系统的观点对线路方案比选工作做了详细分析，设计了本系统的结构和功能；通过对线路方案比选过程中所涉及数据的分析，提出并实现了对线路方案比选综合数据的管理；通过对线路方案设计过程的分析，完成了交互式线路方案设计子系统的开发。在系统的开发过程中，解决了以下技术难点：
1、提出了交互式铁路线路方案比选DSS的设计思想与要求，为系统的开发应用打下了坚实的基础。
2、用面向对象的数据封装和继承技术实现了项目管理和方案数据的安全保护；
3、选择应用VC++DAO数据库应用技术，完成了方案比选共用数据库的开发；
4、用AutoCAD ObjectARX定制实体技术，实现了线路平面拖放式交互设计；
5、用VC++与AutoCAD相结合的多窗口编程技术，实现了平面、纵断面、横断面三种图形的对比显示，实现了纵断面交互设计、横断面定线和桥隧工程设置；
6、就纵断面优化在线路方案比选工作中的应用模式提出了自己的观点，并在系统开发中得到应用；
7、总结专业设计应用模式，建立了内插纵横断面地面高程、自动设桥、自动设隧数学模型。
论文共分六章，第一章阐述了铁路线路方案比选工作的重要性、DSS技术的应用、选择该课题的意义以及需要说明的几个问题。第二章通过对线路方案
第n页
比选常规工作方法的分析，完成了线路方案比选DSS的可行性分析、系统的总
体设计、开发系统的选择以及开发环境的建立。第三章分析了线路方案比选工
作过程中所涉及的数据情况以及数据管理方法，完成了方案比选综合数据管理
子系统的开发工作，第四章通过对线路平面交互设计、内插纵横断面地面高程、
纵断面自动与交互设计、横断面定线、桥隧工程设置等与交互设计密切相关的
重点模块的分析与设计，完成了交互式线路设计子系统的开发。第五章介绍了
本系统的应用情况，对一个应用实例进行了重点说明。第六章对全文进行了总
结，并提出了该系统今后的研究方向。
The Scheme Comparison of Railway Location by Interactive Design (SCRLID) DSS is the main part of the railway survey and design decision support. The thesis analyzes the flow of the SCRLID on the basis of system analysis and system design, puts forward the general goal of the system design, selects proper development tool, and completes the design and development of the system. The system has been used in several railway line with good result, such as: Ge Er Mu-La Sa section of Qing Zang line, etc. This software system won Prize of State Engineering Survey Design Excellent Software.
The thesis accomplishes the following works. Firstly, it designs the structure and functions of the system by the systematic analysis of the design work of the comparison of railway location projects. Then, by analyzing the data involved in SCRLID, the management of synthesis data in the design environment are proposed and implemented. Finally, according to the conventional flow of the SCRLID, the development of the subsystem of Interactive Design for Railway Location has been implemented. During the course of system development, some difficult problems are solved, they are:
1 This thesis proposed design idea and requirement of the SCRLID DSS, and provided a solid foundation for software system development and application.
2 Using technology of encapsulation and inheritance in object-oriented development, this thesis implemented project management function and safe protection of data.
3 By selecting and using VC++ DAO technology, This thesis implemented the SCRLID public database.
4 By using custom object mechanism of AutoCAD ObjectARX, This thesis implemented railway horizontal line drag- dropping interactive design.
5 By using multi-window programming technology to combine VC++ with AutoCAD, This thesis implemented comparison of plane, profile and across section, Interactive Design of profile, railway location by across section and setting location of bridge and tunnel.
6 This thesis expounded itself viewpoint on application model of profile
optimization in SCRLID, and has been used in system development. 7 By putting forward the summaries on the application model of professional design, this thesis established mathematics model of calculating terrain height of profile and across section, automatic setting location of the bridge and the tunnel.
The thesis consists of six chapters. In the first chapter, the importance of the SCRLID, application of the DSS technology, the significance of the research subject and several problems needed explanation are introduced. The second chapter analyzes the feasibility of the SCRLID DSS, designs the system totally, selects the development tools and establishes the development environment by the analysis of the conventional SCRLID method. In the third chapter, the data involved in the SCRLID and the method of the data management are discussed, and the development of the design environment synthesis data management subsystem is completed. In the fourth chapter, based on the analysis and design of some modules closely relating to interactive design, the thesis completes the development of the railway location interactive design subsystem, and these modules are: railway horizontal line interactive design, comparison of plane, profile and across section, automatic and interactive design of profile, designing railway location by across section and setting location of the bridge and the tunnel. In the fifth chapter, this thesis introduces application of SCRLID DSS, and specially introduces an example of the application. The sixth chapter concludes the overall development of the system and indicates the directions of further research.
引文
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(2) 朱成磷 王照祥 主编。铁道工程测量学。中国铁道出版社
(3) 铁道第一勘察设计院主编。铁路线路设计规范。中国铁道出版社
(4) 西南交通大学主编。铁路选线设计。中国铁道出版社
(5) 西南交通大学刘文熙 许伦 北方交通大学 吴景坤。摄影测量与遥感。中国铁道出版社
(6) 李世国编著。AutoCAD高级开发技术ARX编程及应用。机械工业出版社
(7) (美)Kate Gregory著 康博创作室译。Visual C++5开发使用手册。机械工业出版社
(8) ObjectARX Developer's Guide Autodesk, Inc. 13603-000000-5000 March 21, 1997
(9) 铁道第一勘察设计院主编。方案比选。中国铁道出版社
(10) 易思蓉 邓域才。铁路线路局部走向选择智能CAD方法。铁道学报 2000．5
(11) 孟存喜。铁路线路初步设计方案比选系统及其在青藏线格拉段勘测设计中的应用。铁路勘测设计技术信息交流研讨会专集。铁道部建设司编 2001。12
(12) 孟存喜。面向对象的程序设计方法及在《铁路勘测信息处理系统》开发中的应用。网络技术与计算机应用研讨会论文
(13) 孟存喜 刘和贵 王明生等。铁路线路初步设计方案比选系统的研究与开发。铁路航测 2000．1
(14) 孟存喜。勘测数据自动采集及子系统接口技术的开发应用。铁路航测 1998．1
(15) 阚叔愚 方祁等。一个已用于政府工程咨询部门的专家系统
(16) 周宁 王富年。公路选线专家系统
(17) 钟诗胜。工程方案设计中的模糊理论与技术。哈尔滨工业大学出版社
(18) 童秉枢。现代CAD技术。清华大学出版社
(19) 王永庆。人工智能原理与方法。西安交通大学出版社
(20) 印鉴 刘星成 汤庸 译。专家系统原理与编程。机械工业出版社
(21) 铁路线路初步设计方案比选系统研究报告。铁道第一勘察设计院等
(22) 刘启淋 孙林夫。基于工程实例的推理策略一综合评判研究。西安交通大学学报
(23) Simon Szykman, Ram D. Sriram, Christophe Bochenek, Janusz W. Racz, and Joceiyn Senfaute。design Repositories: Engineering Design's New Knowledge Base。INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS & THEIR APPLICATIONS Vol.15 No3 Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineer, Inc
(24) 陈进杰 王明生 王祥琴。铁路平纵断面设计中不规则三角网联结方法研究。铁路航测，1995年第1期
(25) 汤曙曦 詹振炎 宋治伦。铁路纵断面优化设计方法的选择。铁路航测 1981．2
(26) Wang Di Wang Dashou. SYNTHETIC OPTIMIZATION IN ENGINEERING DECISIONS. Southwest jiaotong university press 2000.6
(27) Booch, Grady, Object_oriented Analysis and design with Application, The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, inc.,1994
(28) 常新生 詹振炎．铁路线路整体优化设计的研究．长沙铁道学院学报．Vol，8，No．3，pp．11～16，1990
(29) 李方．公路平面线形的一种新设计方法．中国公路学报 vol。52，1990
(30) Yi sirong, Research on Engineering Models for Railway Location CAD System, Procedings of International Conference on Construction Information Technology 2000, 2000, 1
(31) Turner,A.K.A Decade of Experience in Computer Aided Route Selection, Photogrammetrie Engineering and Remote Sensing, Dec. 1978
(32) A.N.Crossley, A Computer Program for the Design of Horizontal allignment, Highway Engineers, March,1973
(33) A.J.Nicholson,D.C.Elms,and a.Williman:A Variational approach to Optimal Route Location,The Highway Engineering,No.3,1976
(34) Б．К．马雅夫斯基著，汤曙曦，宋治伦译，最优化方法在铁路纵断面设计中的应用，人民铁道出版社
(35) G.H.SCHUT,Review of Interpolation Methods for digital Terrain Models,The CANADIAN SURVEYOR,Vol.30.No. 1-4,1978
(36) 何纬，公路CAD系统三维设计方法，长沙交通学院学报，VOL．16，No．1，Mar，2000
(37) 乐晓峰，周群强。InRoad的工作流程及在道路设计中的使用．公路．1997．8
(38) Froese,T.M.&Paulson,B.C.Integrating Project Management Systems Through Shared ObJect-Oriented Models.Artificial Integrating in Engineering, 1992
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(43) 成昆铁路技术总结委员会，成昆铁路，人民铁道出版社
(44) 章力，邓域才．铁路定线计算机辅助设计系统，西南交通大学学报，1993
(45) 铁道第三勘察设计院，铁路经济勘察设计，中国铁道出版社，1985
(46) 陈绍光，摄影测量与遥感在铁道工程中的应用，测绘出版社，1995
(47) 吴夯 魏庆朝，德国勘测设计一体化土木工程设计软件CARD／1的应用与二次开发，铁路工程建设科技动态科技动态报告文集，2001
(48) 许克亮，关于铁路勘测设计一体化及线路软件开发的几点看法，铁路工程建设科技动态科技动态报告文集，2001
(49) 高洪深著，决策支持系统(DSS)理论。方法。案例，清华大学出版社 广西科学技术出版社，2000
(50) 孟波编著，计算机决策支持系统，武汉大学出版社，2001
(51) Keen PGW, Scott Morton MS.Decision Support Systems,An Organizational Perspective,Reading,MA: Addison—Wesley,1978
(52) Moore JH, Chang MG, Design of Decision Support Systems. Data Base, 1,2,1980
(53) 陈文伟。决策支持系统及其开发，清华大学出版社，1994
(2) 朱成磷 王照祥 主编。铁道工程测量学。中国铁道出版社
(3) 铁道第一勘察设计院主编。铁路线路设计规范。中国铁道出版社
(4) 西南交通大学主编。铁路选线设计。中国铁道出版社
(5) 西南交通大学刘文熙 许伦 北方交通大学 吴景坤。摄影测量与遥感。中国铁道出版社
(6) 李世国编著。AutoCAD高级开发技术ARX编程及应用。机械工业出版社
(7) (美)Kate Gregory著 康博创作室译。Visual C++5开发使用手册。机械工业出版社
(8) ObjectARX Developer's Guide Autodesk, Inc. 13603-000000-5000 March 21, 1997
(9) 铁道第一勘察设计院主编。方案比选。中国铁道出版社
(10) 易思蓉 邓域才。铁路线路局部走向选择智能CAD方法。铁道学报 2000．5
(11) 孟存喜。铁路线路初步设计方案比选系统及其在青藏线格拉段勘测设计中的应用。铁路勘测设计技术信息交流研讨会专集。铁道部建设司编 2001。12
(12) 孟存喜。面向对象的程序设计方法及在《铁路勘测信息处理系统》开发中的应用。网络技术与计算机应用研讨会论文
(13) 孟存喜 刘和贵 王明生等。铁路线路初步设计方案比选系统的研究与开发。铁路航测 2000．1
(14) 孟存喜。勘测数据自动采集及子系统接口技术的开发应用。铁路航测 1998．1
(15) 阚叔愚 方祁等。一个已用于政府工程咨询部门的专家系统
(16) 周宁 王富年。公路选线专家系统
(17) 钟诗胜。工程方案设计中的模糊理论与技术。哈尔滨工业大学出版社
(18) 童秉枢。现代CAD技术。清华大学出版社
(19) 王永庆。人工智能原理与方法。西安交通大学出版社
(20) 印鉴 刘星成 汤庸 译。专家系统原理与编程。机械工业出版社
(21) 铁路线路初步设计方案比选系统研究报告。铁道第一勘察设计院等
(22) 刘启淋 孙林夫。基于工程实例的推理策略一综合评判研究。西安交通大学学报
(23) Simon Szykman, Ram D. Sriram, Christophe Bochenek, Janusz W. Racz, and Joceiyn Senfaute。design Repositories: Engineering Design's New Knowledge Base。INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS & THEIR APPLICATIONS Vol.15 No3 Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineer, Inc
(24) 陈进杰 王明生 王祥琴。铁路平纵断面设计中不规则三角网联结方法研究。铁路航测，1995年第1期
(25) 汤曙曦 詹振炎 宋治伦。铁路纵断面优化设计方法的选择。铁路航测 1981．2
(26) Wang Di Wang Dashou. SYNTHETIC OPTIMIZATION IN ENGINEERING DECISIONS. Southwest jiaotong university press 2000.6
(27) Booch, Grady, Object_oriented Analysis and design with Application, The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, inc.,1994
(28) 常新生 詹振炎．铁路线路整体优化设计的研究．长沙铁道学院学报．Vol，8，No．3，pp．11～16，1990
(29) 李方．公路平面线形的一种新设计方法．中国公路学报 vol。52，1990
(30) Yi sirong, Research on Engineering Models for Railway Location CAD System, Procedings of International Conference on Construction Information Technology 2000, 2000, 1
(31) Turner,A.K.A Decade of Experience in Computer Aided Route Selection, Photogrammetrie Engineering and Remote Sensing, Dec. 1978
(32) A.N.Crossley, A Computer Program for the Design of Horizontal allignment, Highway Engineers, March,1973
(33) A.J.Nicholson,D.C.Elms,and a.Williman:A Variational approach to Optimal Route Location,The Highway Engineering,No.3,1976
(34) Б．К．马雅夫斯基著，汤曙曦，宋治伦译，最优化方法在铁路纵断面设计中的应用，人民铁道出版社
(35) G.H.SCHUT,Review of Interpolation Methods for digital Terrain Models,The CANADIAN SURVEYOR,Vol.30.No. 1-4,1978
(36) 何纬，公路CAD系统三维设计方法，长沙交通学院学报，VOL．16，No．1，Mar，2000
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