电力测功机计算机测控系统研究与设计
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摘要
在许多企业和大学的实验室内，对传动装置的效率测试设备还处于比较落后的状况。电力测功机是常用的负载与吸功设备，主要用来对中等大小的扭矩测功。它具有控制结构简单、系统的转矩响应迅速且无超调、电能可通过其回馈单元回馈电网等众多优点。目前，在传动实验室做的部分效率实验仍然用80年代的测功机电控系统。这套系统在使用过程中经常出现问题，测试的可靠性不高，需对此系统进行改造。本课题就是在此背景下提出来的。
本文在分析和比较国内外相关的测控产品的基础上，采用了较为先进的计算机测控技术，以软件方法代替以往需要复杂硬件电路才能实现的功能，能够对测功机的各项参数的实时检测。这种电力测功机计算机测控技术不仅具有广泛的适应性和柔性，而且提高了系统的可靠性和实时性。
本文根据电力测功机的工作原理和控制理论基础，主要阐述了测功机的数学模型和调速原理以及整个测控系统的硬件和软件设计的原理和方法，并辅助框图和界面对软硬件进行了详细描述，重点介绍了系统软件的设计。软件设计主要包括数据采集、数据管理、界面设计和控制量输出等。同时，完全采用软件的方案代替硬件电路中的放大、滤波和计数等典型电路，如模糊PID控制器程序、滤波程序等，大大简化了硬件电路，降低了成本，提高了系统的可靠性和实时性。此课题中的软件设计采用了通用高级语言VC++6.0编制程序和MATLAB 6.1进行控制系统仿真，避免使用价格昂贵的专业开发软件。
通过本课题的工作，应用计算机测控技术开发出能对测功机各参数进行测量和控制的测控系统。该系统的仿真结果表明系统的跟随性好。在进一步完善的基础上，可将此系统广泛地应用在汽车、摩托车和传动测试行业，对测功机测功的自动监测具有重要的意义。
It is more lagging status that testing devices are used for efficiency of transmission equipment in many company and laboratories of university. Electric power ergograph is a load or device of absorbing power, which mainly is used of measuring power for middling torque. It has much merit that controlling structure is simple, and the torque response of system is rapid and has no overtaking melody, and electrical energy can inpour electrified wire netting by returning unit. At present, the electrical control system that were manufactured in 1980's is however being used for a part of efficiency experiments in laboratory. Because this system has many problems in use and low testing reliability, it must be reconstructed. The topic is advanced under this background.
This paper, on base of analyzing and comparing the correlational measure and control product of domestic home and overseas, achieves real-timely inspecting and measuring every parameter of ergograph with more advance technology of computer measure and control and a method that software can achieve the function in substitute of complex hardware circuit. This computer measure and control system of electrical power ergograph not only possesses abroad adjustability and flexibility, but also enhances the reliability and real-time charter of system.
On the running theory of electrical power ergograph and the basic control theory basis, this paper expatiate on the mathematic model and modulating speed of ergograph, and expounds the principle and ways of design of hardware and software for measure and control system, and describes the hardware and software with some frames and interfaces, and importantly recommends the way of designing software. This paper's software mainly includes data collection, data manager, interface design and output of control variables. It introduces synchronously a scheme that software covers for some typical magnifying, filtering wave and count circuit in hardware circuit such as fuzzy-PID controller, filter program, which greatly simplify hardware and reduces cost and enhances the reliability and real-time charter of system. The paper makes programs for software design with general high language VC++6.0 and simulates for control system by MATLAB 6.1, and avoids using costly professional development software in price.
Via the work of this paper, it is feasible that the measure and control system can test
and control every parameters of ergograph by applying computer measure and control technology. The simulational result of system indicates the tracking is good. On base of doing more perfectly, the system will be used in automobile, motorcycle and testing field of transmission. It is important significance that detects and controls measuring power with ergograph.
本文在分析和比较国内外相关的测控产品的基础上，采用了较为先进的计算机测控技术，以软件方法代替以往需要复杂硬件电路才能实现的功能，能够对测功机的各项参数的实时检测。这种电力测功机计算机测控技术不仅具有广泛的适应性和柔性，而且提高了系统的可靠性和实时性。
本文根据电力测功机的工作原理和控制理论基础，主要阐述了测功机的数学模型和调速原理以及整个测控系统的硬件和软件设计的原理和方法，并辅助框图和界面对软硬件进行了详细描述，重点介绍了系统软件的设计。软件设计主要包括数据采集、数据管理、界面设计和控制量输出等。同时，完全采用软件的方案代替硬件电路中的放大、滤波和计数等典型电路，如模糊PID控制器程序、滤波程序等，大大简化了硬件电路，降低了成本，提高了系统的可靠性和实时性。此课题中的软件设计采用了通用高级语言VC++6.0编制程序和MATLAB 6.1进行控制系统仿真，避免使用价格昂贵的专业开发软件。
通过本课题的工作，应用计算机测控技术开发出能对测功机各参数进行测量和控制的测控系统。该系统的仿真结果表明系统的跟随性好。在进一步完善的基础上，可将此系统广泛地应用在汽车、摩托车和传动测试行业，对测功机测功的自动监测具有重要的意义。
It is more lagging status that testing devices are used for efficiency of transmission equipment in many company and laboratories of university. Electric power ergograph is a load or device of absorbing power, which mainly is used of measuring power for middling torque. It has much merit that controlling structure is simple, and the torque response of system is rapid and has no overtaking melody, and electrical energy can inpour electrified wire netting by returning unit. At present, the electrical control system that were manufactured in 1980's is however being used for a part of efficiency experiments in laboratory. Because this system has many problems in use and low testing reliability, it must be reconstructed. The topic is advanced under this background.
This paper, on base of analyzing and comparing the correlational measure and control product of domestic home and overseas, achieves real-timely inspecting and measuring every parameter of ergograph with more advance technology of computer measure and control and a method that software can achieve the function in substitute of complex hardware circuit. This computer measure and control system of electrical power ergograph not only possesses abroad adjustability and flexibility, but also enhances the reliability and real-time charter of system.
On the running theory of electrical power ergograph and the basic control theory basis, this paper expatiate on the mathematic model and modulating speed of ergograph, and expounds the principle and ways of design of hardware and software for measure and control system, and describes the hardware and software with some frames and interfaces, and importantly recommends the way of designing software. This paper's software mainly includes data collection, data manager, interface design and output of control variables. It introduces synchronously a scheme that software covers for some typical magnifying, filtering wave and count circuit in hardware circuit such as fuzzy-PID controller, filter program, which greatly simplify hardware and reduces cost and enhances the reliability and real-time charter of system. The paper makes programs for software design with general high language VC++6.0 and simulates for control system by MATLAB 6.1, and avoids using costly professional development software in price.
Via the work of this paper, it is feasible that the measure and control system can test
and control every parameters of ergograph by applying computer measure and control technology. The simulational result of system indicates the tracking is good. On base of doing more perfectly, the system will be used in automobile, motorcycle and testing field of transmission. It is important significance that detects and controls measuring power with ergograph.
引文
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[6] 李贵山. 微型计算机测控技术. 北京. 机械工业出版社. 2002.2
[7] 邓星钟，周祖德. 机电传动控制. 华中理工大学出版社. 1996.5
[8] 路林吉，饶家明.虚拟仪器.电子技术.2000.1，2，3，4，5，6期
[9] W.Leonhard, Control of Electical Drives. Berlin Germany: Springer -Verlag,1985
[10] Gayakward,Ramakant.Analog and Digital Control Systems. New York American,1985,P112-P493
[11] 凌澄. PC总路线工业控制系统精粹. 北京. 清华大学出版社. 1998.5
[12] 黄华江.测控系统硬件集成.微型机与应用.1999.第六期
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[23] Gaber, S.E.，Yousef, H.A. Efficiency optimized speed control of DC motors based on self
tuning regulator. Industrial Electronics, 1993
[24] Hussein.K.H.;Muta, I.;Hoshino;T. Osakada.M. Field and armature control for separately excited DC motors powered by photovoltaic cells. Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 1994
[25] 张凤生.齿轮传动运动和动力学特性测试分析系统的研究.重庆大学博士学位论文.1995
[26] 黄惟一.测试技术.北京.国防科技出版社.1988
[27] 吴正毅.测试技术与测试信号处理.北京.清华大学出版社.1991
[28] 王耀德.交直流电力拖动控制系统.北京.机械工业出版社.1994
[29] 诸静.模糊控制原理与应用.北京.机械工业出版社.1995
[30] 张晓卫.基于Windows 98平台的电机实验控制系统.工业控制计算机.2001.第14卷第10期
[31] Martin.S. PC-based data acquisition in an industrial environment PC-Based Instrumentation, IEE Colloquium on , 31 Jan 1990
[32] Deming Zhu;Wu, M.;Hsia;J.J.A Controlling And Data Acquisition System For The Reference Diffuse Reflectance Spectrophotometer Based On The IBM-PC/XT Computer. Precision Electromagnetic Measurements, 1988
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[35] 李诚人.现代机电控制系统.西安.西北工业大学出版社.1999
[36] 邵裕森.过程控制及仪表.上海.上海交通大学出版社.1999
[37] 研祥智能股份有限公司.PCL-812PG多功能数据采集卡说明书.1996
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