差分吸收激光雷达系统性能分析及信息处理系统仿真研究
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摘要
基于二氧化碳激光器的差分吸收激光雷达（CO2 DIAL）系统被广泛地应用于对大气分子种类以及微量气体进行遥感的测量之中，具有非常重要的军事和民用价值。
为研制出有实用价值的DIAL系统，本文在参考大量国内外文献的基础上，对系统原理以及影响系统测量精度和灵敏度的各种因素进行了详细讨论，并且着重分析了大气湍流和目标斑纹这两个最重要因素对高脉冲能量的CO2 DIAL系统测量灵敏度的影响。在课题实验条件下，模拟计算了直接检测DIAL系统的测量灵敏度。在考虑大气折射率结构常数对系统测量灵敏度影响的基础上，并对各种系统参数如光束半径、束散角和探测距离对测量灵敏度的影响运用Matlab程序做了仿真计算，为合理选择系统设计参数提供了依据。
对于DIAL系统中的数据处理，本文着重讨论了信号平均技术和激光器回波信号时域自相关以及激光器互相关对CO2 DIAL系统测量灵敏度的影响。运用信号平均技术之后，本课题研制的系统其测量灵敏度完全可以满足设计要求。此外，本文还专门进行了DIAL系统中信号处理部分的仿真研究，证实了系统数据处理的可行性。
由于项目开发处于初期，本文的很多结论都是建立在国外有关文献实验数据资料的基础上，只是在理论上进行了切实的研究。
CO2 laser-based differential absorption lidar(DIAL) systems have been used extensively for the remote sensing measurement of molecular species in the atmosphere and trace gases, therefore, have important value in military and civilian fields.
For the needs of researching a useful DIAL system, in this thesis, we studied a vast Chinese and English literature and discussed the principle of DIAL system in detail. We analyzed the factor of influencing the accuracy and sensitivity of measurements, in special, discussed the influence of atmospheric turbulence and laser speckle. Under our task experimental condition, we calculated the sensitivity of our planning to develop DIAL system with direct detection, besides, we studied the relationship between the sensitivity of measurement and atmospheric refractive-index structure constant and applied Matlab program simulated the system parameters such as beam diameter, laser divergence angle, detection distance and gained relevant relationship curves. It is useful for selecting reasonable system parameters through it.
For the data process in DIAL system, we discussed the combined effects of temporal autocorrelation and lasers cross correlation and signal averaging. If signal averaging technology was used in our CO2 DIAL system, then would improved the sensitivity of measurement clearly and could meet the demand of development. Moreover, this thesis simulate the part of signal processing in DIAL system and validate the feasibility of our signal processing methods.
Because all of this research began in the front of task, the results just based on the experimental data of abroad literature, so, this is a theoretically research.
为研制出有实用价值的DIAL系统，本文在参考大量国内外文献的基础上，对系统原理以及影响系统测量精度和灵敏度的各种因素进行了详细讨论，并且着重分析了大气湍流和目标斑纹这两个最重要因素对高脉冲能量的CO2 DIAL系统测量灵敏度的影响。在课题实验条件下，模拟计算了直接检测DIAL系统的测量灵敏度。在考虑大气折射率结构常数对系统测量灵敏度影响的基础上，并对各种系统参数如光束半径、束散角和探测距离对测量灵敏度的影响运用Matlab程序做了仿真计算，为合理选择系统设计参数提供了依据。
对于DIAL系统中的数据处理，本文着重讨论了信号平均技术和激光器回波信号时域自相关以及激光器互相关对CO2 DIAL系统测量灵敏度的影响。运用信号平均技术之后，本课题研制的系统其测量灵敏度完全可以满足设计要求。此外，本文还专门进行了DIAL系统中信号处理部分的仿真研究，证实了系统数据处理的可行性。
由于项目开发处于初期，本文的很多结论都是建立在国外有关文献实验数据资料的基础上，只是在理论上进行了切实的研究。
CO2 laser-based differential absorption lidar(DIAL) systems have been used extensively for the remote sensing measurement of molecular species in the atmosphere and trace gases, therefore, have important value in military and civilian fields.
For the needs of researching a useful DIAL system, in this thesis, we studied a vast Chinese and English literature and discussed the principle of DIAL system in detail. We analyzed the factor of influencing the accuracy and sensitivity of measurements, in special, discussed the influence of atmospheric turbulence and laser speckle. Under our task experimental condition, we calculated the sensitivity of our planning to develop DIAL system with direct detection, besides, we studied the relationship between the sensitivity of measurement and atmospheric refractive-index structure constant and applied Matlab program simulated the system parameters such as beam diameter, laser divergence angle, detection distance and gained relevant relationship curves. It is useful for selecting reasonable system parameters through it.
For the data process in DIAL system, we discussed the combined effects of temporal autocorrelation and lasers cross correlation and signal averaging. If signal averaging technology was used in our CO2 DIAL system, then would improved the sensitivity of measurement clearly and could meet the demand of development. Moreover, this thesis simulate the part of signal processing in DIAL system and validate the feasibility of our signal processing methods.
Because all of this research began in the front of task, the results just based on the experimental data of abroad literature, so, this is a theoretically research.
引文
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[2] 郭子祺.激光雷达在油气直接勘查中的应用前景.国土资源遥感，1995，第1期:46-54
[3] 张承铨.国外军用激光仪器手册.北京：兵器工业出版社，1989
[4] Charles.R. Quick, et al. Development of Frequency-Agile High-Repetition-Rate CO2 DIAL Systems for Long Range Chemical Remote Sensing. SPIE,1999,Vol.3757:192-200
[5] Russell E. Warren. Detection and discrimination using multiple-wavelength differential absorption lidar. Applied Optics,1985,Vol.24:3541-3545
[6] Avishai Ben-David, et al. High pulse repetition frequency, multiple wavelength, pulsed CO2 lidar system for atmospheric transmission and target reflectance measurements. Applied Optics,1992,Vol.31:4224-4232
[7] E.T. Scharlemann. Comparison of analysis techniques for multiwavelength DIAL. SPIE,1997,Vol.3127:275-285
[8] Richard G. Vanderbeek, Avishai Ben-David, et al. Detection and estimation of the column content of one or more vapors with a frequency-agile lidar. SPIE,1999,Vol.3757:103-112
[9] 刘会平，是度芳，贺渝龙，少先武，谢建平.双端差分吸收激光雷达系统.光电工程，2001，Vol.28:40-43
[10]Daniel C. Senft, Marsha J. Fox, et al. Ground test results and analysis advancements for the AFRL airborne CO2 DIAL system. SPIE, 1999, Vol.3757:113-125
[11]Roger R. Petrin, Douglas H. Nelson, et al. Atmospheric effects on CO2 differential absorption lidar sensitivity. SPIE,1996,Vol.2702:28-39
[12]John R. Quagliano, Page O. Stoutland, et al. Spectroscopic analysis of infrared DIAL measurements. SPIE,1996,Vol.2702:16-26
[13]Edward V. Browell. Differential Absorption Lidar Sensing of Ozone. IEEE,1989,Vol.77:419-432
[14]王志恩，胡欢陵，周军.双差分吸收激光雷达：一种能有效减小气溶胶对臭氧测量影响的方法.气象学报，1996，Vol.54:437-445
[15]刘会平，是度芳，贺渝龙，少先武，谢建平.双端差分吸收激光雷达及其大气污染测试.光电子·激光，2001，Vol.12:65-66
[16]齐玉明，魏晓明.He-Ne激光差分吸收测量甲烷浓度.内蒙古工业大学学报，1994，Vol.13:59-60
[17]胡欢陵，王志恩等.紫外差分吸收激光雷达测量平流层臭氧.大气科学，1998，Vol.22:701-708
[18]Coorg R. Prasad. Tunable IR Differential Absorption Lidar for Remote Sensing of Chemicals. SPIE,1999,Vol.3757:87-95
[19]B.T. Kelly, R.E. Pierson, T.J. Dropka, J.A. Dowling, et al. Laser airborne remote sensing real-time acquisition, processing, and control system.SPIE,1997, Vol.3127:286-295
[20]B.T. Kelly, D.C. Senft, J.A. Dowling. Conceptual design of an acquisition, processing, and control system for a semi-autonomous, airborne, differential absorption lidar system. SPIE,1999,Vol.3707:156-164
[21]Mark Schmitt, Brian McVey, Brad Cooke and George Busch. Comprehensive system model for CO2 DIAL. SPIE,1996,Vol.2702:95-103
[22]E.P. MacKerrow, J.J. Tiee', et al. Laser speckle effects on hard target differential absorption lidar. SPIE,1996,Vol.2702:65-83
[23]Brad Cooke, Mark Schmitt, et al. CO2 DIAL Transmitter/Receiver Noise Characterization and Related Correlated Noise Issues. SPIE,1996,Vol.2702:2-14
[24]Douglas H.Nelson, Roger R. Petrin, et al. Wave optics simulation of atmospheric turbulence and reflective speckle effects in CO2 differential absorption LIDAR(DIAL). SPIE,1998,Vol.3381:147-158
[25]Douglas H.Nelson, Roger R. Petrin, et al. Huygens-Fresnel Wave-optics simulation of atmospheric optical turbulence and reflective speckle effects in CO2 differential absorption lidar(DIAL). SPIE,1999,Vol.3763:218-229
[26]杨洋，乔立杰等.日本大气激光雷达技术的进展.激光与红外，1999，Vol.30:139-141
[27]是度芳，洪伟，贺渝龙，谢建平.双端差分吸收激光雷达及其激光系统.华中理工大学学报，1999，Vol.27:96-100
[28]邓开发，夏守之，是度芳.差分吸收激光雷达光学系统与定标测试.武汉化工学院学报，2000，Vol.22:75-77
[29]王玉田，郭廷荣等.差分吸收式光纤甲烷传感器的研究.传感器技术，2000，Vol.19:42-43
[30]郭冠军，邵芸.地面对激光雷达信号散射的统计研究.物理学报，2002，Vol.51:228-234
[31]戴永江，蔡喜平等.用于大气监测的全固态激光雷达网络.激光与红外，2000，Vol.30:314-317
[32]朱世德，向安平，任基.差分吸收法测量大气压强的误差研究.应用光学，1995，Vol.16:53-57
[33]G.W. Kamerman. "Laser Radar", Chapter 1 of Active Electro-Optical System, Vol.6, The Infrared and Electro-Optical System Handbook. SPIE Press,1993
[34]Russell E. Warren. Optimum detection of multiple vapor materials with frequency-agile lidar. Applied Optics,1996,Vol.35:4180-4193
[35]N. Menyuk, D.K. Killinger. Assessment of relative error sources in IR DIAL measurement accuracy. Applied Optics,1983,Vol.22:2690-2698
[36]L.S. Rothman, R.R. Gamache, et al. The HITRAN database: 1986 edition. Applied Optics,1987,Vol.26:4058-4097
[37]Norman Menyuk, Dennis K. Killinger, et al. Error reduction in laser remote sensing: combined effects of cross correlation and signal averaging. Applied Optics,1985,Vol.24:118-131
[38]D.K. 凯林格，A. 穆拉迪.光和激光遥感.成都：成都电讯工程学院出版社，1987
[39]王正清，胡渝，林崇杰.光电探测技术.北京：电子工业出版社，1984
[40]上海红外物理与技术译从编辑组.红外大气传输的研究.上海：上海科学技术情报研究所，1975
[41]Frederik G. Smith. "Atmosphere Propagation of Radiation", Chapter 2 of Active Electro-Optical System,Vol.2,The Infrared and Electro-Optical System Handbook. SPIE Press,1993
[42]李田泽.单程大气传输的能量衰减研究.应用光学，1996，Vol.17:28-29
[43]张逸新，迟泽英.光波在大气中的传输与成像.北京：国防工业出版社，1997
[44]伏·耶·祖也夫.激光的大气传播.绵阳：中国工程物理研究院，1990
[45]陈武喝.大气湍流横向相干长度的计算.光电子·激光，1999，Vol.10:375-376
[46]B.N.塔塔尔斯基.湍流大气中波的传播理论.北京：科学出版社，1978
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