碱减量印染废水剩余污泥减量化工艺研究
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摘要
本文以某地综合印染废水为调查对象，较详细的了解了碱减量印染废水的水质，研究了兼氧、接触氧化法处理特征污染物TA的技术，对其产生的大量污泥如何减量进行了工艺和理论分析，揭示了一些特征与本质问题。
与传统印染废水相比，碱减量印染废水具有高得多的有机污染物浓度、色度、pH，含有较高浓度的特征污染物——TA。废水COD为648～2265mg／L，BOD为325～1346mg／L，月平均B／C值为0.35～0.49，pH＞10的废水占75％，色度250～600；废水中COD：N：P=100：0．58：0.24，从生物处理角度而言，N、P含量明显偏低；TA浓度为286～1279mg／L。
在静态兼氧条件下考察了温度、微生物浓度、搅拌强度对模拟废水生物处理的影响，确定了生物处理的上限45℃～50℃左右，温度在35～40℃之间较适宜生物生长；随着污泥浓度的提高，可以提高水解的效率，污泥浓度过大对水力混合的影响不利；在试验叶轮直径下应当控制搅拌速度为30r／min，才能很好地完成对污泥的减量。
在连续式两级兼氧—好氧生化系统中考察了COD负荷、水力停留时间、污泥回流对生物处理的影响。确定了最佳COD负荷为2.4kgCOD／m~3·d；单反应器水力停留时间为10～12h；对有剩余污泥回流和无污泥回流情况下废水处理过程中的COD、色度、氨氮、SS、pH等水质指标进行全面探讨，从而确定了剩余污泥回流减量的可行性。结果表明，在剩余污泥全部回流减量的情况下，系统仍能够保持良好的印染废水处理效果，保证出水COD的去除率为91.3％、BOD_5的去除率为97％、SS的去除率为62％、色度的去除率为96％。剩余污泥的回流还可以有效补充系统内微生物正常生命活动所需的氮和磷，并有助于系统对于印染废水的脱色，降低出水色度37.5％。
在进行剩余污泥全回流的情况下，各反应器的污泥浓度都有所增加，好氧反应器的污泥排放量增加了约30％，由于好氧反应器产生的剩余污泥全部回流入系统成功进行了减量，从整体上看，有污泥回流的情况下污泥的排放量比无污泥回流的情况减少了4.48g／d，由于时间所限，在试验条件下缩减率达到100％。因此，该工艺可有效实现了剩余污泥零排放。
碱减量印染废水中的TA在好氧状态下，属于易降解有机物，HRT为12～16h，去除率在96％以上；在兼氧状态下，属于难降解有机物，HRT210h，其去除率只有η_(TA)15.3％。TA占碱减量印染废水COD的40～78％，平均为55％，TA的可好氧生物降解性决定了碱减量印染废水处理工艺有必要以好氧生物法为核心。
建立了剩余污泥水解酸化减量的模型和TA生物降解动力学模型。对TA降解动力学模型参数拟合的方差分析表明实验数据与模型的拟合是良好的。动力学分析表明，易降解有机质存在对TA降解有抑制，在一定程度的抑制范围内，分段运行可保持各反应器的正常运行。
In this paper, comprehensive dyeing printing industrial wastewater, which was made up most by alkali-minimization dyeing printing industrial wastewater from somewhere, was subjected to be investigated. From researching biological process treated with facultative-contact oxidation to remove the diagnostic pollutant terephthalic acid (TA), technical and theoretic analyzed how to reduce the enormous excess sludge. Opened out some intrinsical and diagnostic problem.
Compared with traditional dyeing printing industrial wastewater, alkali-minimization dyeing printing wastewater which was characterized with TA as the principal pollutant, had much higher organic concentration, color and pH. It usually had a high COD concentration of 648-2265 mg/L, BOD 325-1346mg/L, color 250~600(dilution ratio), TA 286-1279mg/L,month average B/C 0.35 ~ 0.49.Wastewater in which pH>10 took up 75% of total wastewater around a year. The ratio of COD:N:P was 100:0.58:0.24, which indicated the nutrient of N and P for microbe of bio-treatment were far less than the necessary.
Some important factors affecting wastewater biological treatment, such as temperature, MLSS (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid), stir intensity were researched in the facultative static state. The result showed that the limit temperature should be controlled below 45℃~50℃, temperature between 35~40℃ suit the microorganism growing. Along with the increasing of concentration of MLSS, the rate of hydrolysis also increased, but too high concentration MLSS blocked the hydraulic blending. To reduce excess sludge well, at the experimental stirrer impeller diameter, the stir rate should be control at 30r/min.
Some technique and parameter such as COD loading, HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time), sludge refluence, which affecting biological treatment, were optimized in the dynamic two-step facultative and contact oxidation bio-treatment system. The result showed that the COD loading should be 2.4kgCOD/m3 d, HRT of single reactor should be 10~12h. Comprehensive probed into wastewater quality parameter such as COD, color, NH3-N, SS, pH on both excess sludge refluence and no excess sludge refluence, consequently considered excess sludge refluence was feasible. The results showed that all the excess sludge can be reduced in the container, and can be got a good effluent quality. Ensured a removal efficiency of 91.3% CODCr, 97% BOD5, 62% SS, and 96% COL under experiment condition. And sludge cycled back to AI can be benefit to get rid of the color from wastewater and recruit nutrition and phosphor to the system, result showed that sludge cycled back can reduce 37.5% COL compared with no sludge refluence.
The concentration of MLSS in every container arise when the excess sludge full back to AI, the MLSS concentration of 0 (Oxidation) container arise about 30%, but the excess sludge reducing is successfully from integer. The quantity of excess sludge discharge reduced 4.48g/d compared with no excess sludge recycling. Within experimental time, under the condition of experiment, the excess sludge reducing rate is 100%, so use this process can get the result of no excess sludge discharge.
TA could be removed quickly from wastewater in aerobic condition, the removal rate of TA can be above 96% within 12~16h of HRT. By contrast, facultative system could only degraded 15.3% within 210h of HRT. TA made up 40-78% of the total COD of alkali-minimization dyeing printing wastewater, the mean is 55%. The biodegradation characteristic of TA illustrated that aerobic biological system should be in charge of this kind of wastewater treatment.
The modeling of excess sludge reducing by hydrolysis and the modeling of TA biodegraded kinetic were set up; the experimental data verification for model equation is satisfactory. According to the model analysis, easily biodegradable substrates co-existence is a inhibitors for TA biodegradation. Within the limit of range, a two-step facultative and contact oxidation bio-treatment system, dealing with this kind of wastewater is suggested.
与传统印染废水相比，碱减量印染废水具有高得多的有机污染物浓度、色度、pH，含有较高浓度的特征污染物——TA。废水COD为648～2265mg／L，BOD为325～1346mg／L，月平均B／C值为0.35～0.49，pH＞10的废水占75％，色度250～600；废水中COD：N：P=100：0．58：0.24，从生物处理角度而言，N、P含量明显偏低；TA浓度为286～1279mg／L。
在静态兼氧条件下考察了温度、微生物浓度、搅拌强度对模拟废水生物处理的影响，确定了生物处理的上限45℃～50℃左右，温度在35～40℃之间较适宜生物生长；随着污泥浓度的提高，可以提高水解的效率，污泥浓度过大对水力混合的影响不利；在试验叶轮直径下应当控制搅拌速度为30r／min，才能很好地完成对污泥的减量。
在连续式两级兼氧—好氧生化系统中考察了COD负荷、水力停留时间、污泥回流对生物处理的影响。确定了最佳COD负荷为2.4kgCOD／m~3·d；单反应器水力停留时间为10～12h；对有剩余污泥回流和无污泥回流情况下废水处理过程中的COD、色度、氨氮、SS、pH等水质指标进行全面探讨，从而确定了剩余污泥回流减量的可行性。结果表明，在剩余污泥全部回流减量的情况下，系统仍能够保持良好的印染废水处理效果，保证出水COD的去除率为91.3％、BOD_5的去除率为97％、SS的去除率为62％、色度的去除率为96％。剩余污泥的回流还可以有效补充系统内微生物正常生命活动所需的氮和磷，并有助于系统对于印染废水的脱色，降低出水色度37.5％。
在进行剩余污泥全回流的情况下，各反应器的污泥浓度都有所增加，好氧反应器的污泥排放量增加了约30％，由于好氧反应器产生的剩余污泥全部回流入系统成功进行了减量，从整体上看，有污泥回流的情况下污泥的排放量比无污泥回流的情况减少了4.48g／d，由于时间所限，在试验条件下缩减率达到100％。因此，该工艺可有效实现了剩余污泥零排放。
碱减量印染废水中的TA在好氧状态下，属于易降解有机物，HRT为12～16h，去除率在96％以上；在兼氧状态下，属于难降解有机物，HRT210h，其去除率只有η_(TA)15.3％。TA占碱减量印染废水COD的40～78％，平均为55％，TA的可好氧生物降解性决定了碱减量印染废水处理工艺有必要以好氧生物法为核心。
建立了剩余污泥水解酸化减量的模型和TA生物降解动力学模型。对TA降解动力学模型参数拟合的方差分析表明实验数据与模型的拟合是良好的。动力学分析表明，易降解有机质存在对TA降解有抑制，在一定程度的抑制范围内，分段运行可保持各反应器的正常运行。
In this paper, comprehensive dyeing printing industrial wastewater, which was made up most by alkali-minimization dyeing printing industrial wastewater from somewhere, was subjected to be investigated. From researching biological process treated with facultative-contact oxidation to remove the diagnostic pollutant terephthalic acid (TA), technical and theoretic analyzed how to reduce the enormous excess sludge. Opened out some intrinsical and diagnostic problem.
Compared with traditional dyeing printing industrial wastewater, alkali-minimization dyeing printing wastewater which was characterized with TA as the principal pollutant, had much higher organic concentration, color and pH. It usually had a high COD concentration of 648-2265 mg/L, BOD 325-1346mg/L, color 250~600(dilution ratio), TA 286-1279mg/L,month average B/C 0.35 ~ 0.49.Wastewater in which pH>10 took up 75% of total wastewater around a year. The ratio of COD:N:P was 100:0.58:0.24, which indicated the nutrient of N and P for microbe of bio-treatment were far less than the necessary.
Some important factors affecting wastewater biological treatment, such as temperature, MLSS (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid), stir intensity were researched in the facultative static state. The result showed that the limit temperature should be controlled below 45℃~50℃, temperature between 35~40℃ suit the microorganism growing. Along with the increasing of concentration of MLSS, the rate of hydrolysis also increased, but too high concentration MLSS blocked the hydraulic blending. To reduce excess sludge well, at the experimental stirrer impeller diameter, the stir rate should be control at 30r/min.
Some technique and parameter such as COD loading, HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time), sludge refluence, which affecting biological treatment, were optimized in the dynamic two-step facultative and contact oxidation bio-treatment system. The result showed that the COD loading should be 2.4kgCOD/m3 d, HRT of single reactor should be 10~12h. Comprehensive probed into wastewater quality parameter such as COD, color, NH3-N, SS, pH on both excess sludge refluence and no excess sludge refluence, consequently considered excess sludge refluence was feasible. The results showed that all the excess sludge can be reduced in the container, and can be got a good effluent quality. Ensured a removal efficiency of 91.3% CODCr, 97% BOD5, 62% SS, and 96% COL under experiment condition. And sludge cycled back to AI can be benefit to get rid of the color from wastewater and recruit nutrition and phosphor to the system, result showed that sludge cycled back can reduce 37.5% COL compared with no sludge refluence.
The concentration of MLSS in every container arise when the excess sludge full back to AI, the MLSS concentration of 0 (Oxidation) container arise about 30%, but the excess sludge reducing is successfully from integer. The quantity of excess sludge discharge reduced 4.48g/d compared with no excess sludge recycling. Within experimental time, under the condition of experiment, the excess sludge reducing rate is 100%, so use this process can get the result of no excess sludge discharge.
TA could be removed quickly from wastewater in aerobic condition, the removal rate of TA can be above 96% within 12~16h of HRT. By contrast, facultative system could only degraded 15.3% within 210h of HRT. TA made up 40-78% of the total COD of alkali-minimization dyeing printing wastewater, the mean is 55%. The biodegradation characteristic of TA illustrated that aerobic biological system should be in charge of this kind of wastewater treatment.
The modeling of excess sludge reducing by hydrolysis and the modeling of TA biodegraded kinetic were set up; the experimental data verification for model equation is satisfactory. According to the model analysis, easily biodegradable substrates co-existence is a inhibitors for TA biodegradation. Within the limit of range, a two-step facultative and contact oxidation bio-treatment system, dealing with this kind of wastewater is suggested.
引文
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