无孔型轧制技术的研究与开发
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摘要
无孔型轧制是一项可以优化棒材生产的先进技术。本文研究了国外无孔型轧制技术的发展概况及其应用成果，分析了在国内自主开发无孔型轧制技术的可行性，并依托八钢的小型连轧机组开展了无孔型轧制工业试验和研究。
在研究与开发中，详细分析了无孔型轧制的宽展特性，指出了其宽展由滑动宽展、翻平宽展和鼓形宽展构成，并给出了它们之间的关系。同时对比无孔型轧制与孔型轧制状态下轧件的受力特点，分析得出了无孔型轧制时轧件受力简单，变形均匀，但较难控制的特点，并以轧件的宽展和受力为基础，采用回归法确定了适用于长间距小型连轧机组无孔型轧制的宽展模型。
在轧制稳定性研究中，借鉴前人的研究成果，得出了在小型连轧机上保证轧件稳定轧制的轧件最大倾歪角的计算公式，并根据轧制稳定性的要求设计出了适合无孔型轧制的专用导卫装置。
最后，通过质量检验和金相分析，证明采用无孔型轧制技术能达到较高的产品质量要求，有利于品种钢的生产。实践表明，无孔型轧制可优化轧制工序，能达到统一坯料、去除氧化铁皮、节约生产时间、降低轧辊和导卫消耗、降低劳动强度和减少固定资产投入等目的。无孔型轧制技术可以在横列式轧机、可逆式轧机和小型连轧机上应用。该技术具有广阔的发展应用前景，技术价值和经济价值较大，特别适合小型材生产的老线改造和新线建设。
Pass-free Rolling is an advanced technology which can optimize steel bar production. The paper investigates the development trend of pass-free rolling technology and its application results at abroad, and analyzes the feasibility of self-exploitation on pass-free rolling technology in China. The industrial experiment and the research of pass-free rolling technology are conducted on the continuous bar mill of Xinjiang Bayi Iron & Steel Co.Ltd.
In the research and development, the spread characteristics of pass-free rolling are analyzed in details and the relationship among free spread, over turn spread and drum spread is pointed out. At the same time, through comparing the rolling force brought to the rolling stock by pass-free rolling and pass rolling status, it is concluded that pass-free rolling has the characteristics such as simple rolling force, uniform deformation, but difficult control, etc. On the basis of spread and rolling force on rolling stock, a spread model suitable for continuous bar mill train with long interval between stands is set up by Regression analysis.
In the research of rolling stability, using predecessor's experience for reference to set up rolling model, it is concluded that the formula of max. incline angle to maintain rolling stability on continuous bar mill. Meantime, the special guide fittings suitable for pass-free rolling are designed in order to meet rolling stability.
In conclusion, through quality inspection and metallographic analysis, it is proved that the pass-free rolling technology can meet higher product quality requirement and is good for production of quality steel. Practice shows that the pass-free rolling can optimize rolling sequence and can help achieve the purposes like unifying billets, descaling, saving production time, lowering roll and guide consumption, reducing work
strength and reducing fixed assets investment, etc. The pass-free rolling is a new technology, which can be applied for rank, reversible and continuous rolling mills, esp. suitable for exploitation on continuous bar mills. With greater technical and economic values, this technology has broad development and application perspective, esp. in the remoulding of old system and construction of new system in small shape production.
在研究与开发中，详细分析了无孔型轧制的宽展特性，指出了其宽展由滑动宽展、翻平宽展和鼓形宽展构成，并给出了它们之间的关系。同时对比无孔型轧制与孔型轧制状态下轧件的受力特点，分析得出了无孔型轧制时轧件受力简单，变形均匀，但较难控制的特点，并以轧件的宽展和受力为基础，采用回归法确定了适用于长间距小型连轧机组无孔型轧制的宽展模型。
在轧制稳定性研究中，借鉴前人的研究成果，得出了在小型连轧机上保证轧件稳定轧制的轧件最大倾歪角的计算公式，并根据轧制稳定性的要求设计出了适合无孔型轧制的专用导卫装置。
最后，通过质量检验和金相分析，证明采用无孔型轧制技术能达到较高的产品质量要求，有利于品种钢的生产。实践表明，无孔型轧制可优化轧制工序，能达到统一坯料、去除氧化铁皮、节约生产时间、降低轧辊和导卫消耗、降低劳动强度和减少固定资产投入等目的。无孔型轧制技术可以在横列式轧机、可逆式轧机和小型连轧机上应用。该技术具有广阔的发展应用前景，技术价值和经济价值较大，特别适合小型材生产的老线改造和新线建设。
Pass-free Rolling is an advanced technology which can optimize steel bar production. The paper investigates the development trend of pass-free rolling technology and its application results at abroad, and analyzes the feasibility of self-exploitation on pass-free rolling technology in China. The industrial experiment and the research of pass-free rolling technology are conducted on the continuous bar mill of Xinjiang Bayi Iron & Steel Co.Ltd.
In the research and development, the spread characteristics of pass-free rolling are analyzed in details and the relationship among free spread, over turn spread and drum spread is pointed out. At the same time, through comparing the rolling force brought to the rolling stock by pass-free rolling and pass rolling status, it is concluded that pass-free rolling has the characteristics such as simple rolling force, uniform deformation, but difficult control, etc. On the basis of spread and rolling force on rolling stock, a spread model suitable for continuous bar mill train with long interval between stands is set up by Regression analysis.
In the research of rolling stability, using predecessor's experience for reference to set up rolling model, it is concluded that the formula of max. incline angle to maintain rolling stability on continuous bar mill. Meantime, the special guide fittings suitable for pass-free rolling are designed in order to meet rolling stability.
In conclusion, through quality inspection and metallographic analysis, it is proved that the pass-free rolling technology can meet higher product quality requirement and is good for production of quality steel. Practice shows that the pass-free rolling can optimize rolling sequence and can help achieve the purposes like unifying billets, descaling, saving production time, lowering roll and guide consumption, reducing work
strength and reducing fixed assets investment, etc. The pass-free rolling is a new technology, which can be applied for rank, reversible and continuous rolling mills, esp. suitable for exploitation on continuous bar mills. With greater technical and economic values, this technology has broad development and application perspective, esp. in the remoulding of old system and construction of new system in small shape production.
引文
[1] 谢显宏，周玉蓉等．无孔型轧制的研究[J]．四川冶金，1989，(2)：43-45
[2] 贺望松．硕士学位论文[D]．东北工学院，1984
[3] J.A.Nelder, R Meach. A Simplex Methods for Function Minimization[J]. Computer Journal, 1965:308
[4] R.D.Weber. Wire rod rolling on fiat rolls[J]. WIRE INDUSTRY, 1975, (3): 200-203
[5] .F.S.Remmev. Dvevloping Non-Ferrous Wire Manufacture[J]. WIRE INDUSTRY, 1968(2): 149-150
[6] R.Colin, R.Leger. Morgan's Compact Mill-Design parameters,applications and operations benefits[J]. Iron and Steel Engineer, 1982, (11): 25-30
[7] S.Yanagimoto. An Experimental Study on the Deformation of Plate Stock in Hot Rolling[J]. Plasticity and Working, 1961, (6): 37-40
[8] 程鼎，吴迪，白光润．无孔型轧制压下规程制定方法的试验研究[J]．钢铁研究，1999，(5)：22-24
[9] R.D.Weber. Developing Non-ferrous Wire Manufacture[J]. WIREI INDUSTRY, February, 1968
[10] R.Sayer, R.Moller. Are Your Grooves Rally Necessary?[J]. WIRE JOURNAL, 1978, (2): 68-72
[11] 韦东滨，程鼎等．无孔型轧制轧件角部尖化变形的实验研究[J]．钢铁，1999，(1)：27-30
[12] K．F．Simons．采用无孔型轧制的经验[C]．八十年代棒、线材生产，1981：179-180
[13] N.H.Mcbroom. Selection of novel rolling techniques for quality bar production[J]. Metals Technology, January 1982:26-29
[14] 冀伟．无孔型(平辊)轧制工艺[J]．天津冶金，2001，(6)：63
[15] T.Yanazawa, N.Hiral, T.Tanaka. Development of grooveless rolling for a billet mill[J]. Iron and Steel Engineer, 1984, (8): 27-32
[16] A.A. 1991, (1): 54-55
[17] 刘京华．无槽轧制的研究及其展望[J]．首钢科技，1983，(6)：15-17
[18] 张卫刚，白光润．无孔型轧制时轧件稳定条件的研究[J]．湖南冶金，1989，(3)：11-14
[19] 梁启华，许梦元．应用全阶梯无孔型轧制扁钢[J]．特殊钢，1997，(2)：40-43
[20] 冯贺滨．唐钢引进的C．C．C轧机介绍[J]．轧钢，1990，(3)：21-24
[21] 宋德贤．无孔型轧制初探[J]．江苏冶金，2000，(5)：10-13
[22] 钟昌栋等．棒材无孔型轧制的生产实践[J]．水钢科技，1994，(2)
[23] 何声泉，罗卫平．在Φ650轧机上无孔型轧制扁坯的设想[J]．四川冶金，1989，(3)：92-96
[24] 齐作玉等．钢坯轧机平辊轧制的研究[J]．轧钢，1986，(4)：37-39
[25] 姜振峰，肖国栋，李子文．可优化棒材生产的实用技术[J]．新疆钢铁，2003，(4)：21-23
[26] 刘京华，李子文．小型连轧机的工艺与电器控制[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，2000：101-107
[27] 黄守汉．塑性变形与轧制原理[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，1991：172-200
[28] 曲克．轧钢工艺学[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，1991：230-235
[29] 冯贺滨．紧凑式轧机无孔型轧制轧件宽展模型的建立[J]．轧钢，2000，(3)：18-20
[30] 吴继庚．实用数值计算方法与程序[M]，北京：冶金工业出版社，1991
[31] 赵松筠，唐文林．型钢孔型设计[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，2000：236-245
[32] T.Shinokura. Spread Characteristics of Grooved Rolling and its Mathematical Formulation[J]. Plasticity and Working, 1978, (29): 109-111
[33] 赵志业．金属塑性变形与轧制理论[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，2002：248-250
[34] V.Nagpal.,W.R.Clough.Plane Strain Forging-A Lower Upper Bound Approach[J]. Eng forInd,1973: 74
[35] K. Sevenler. Spread and bulging in bar and rod rolling using flat rolls. Iron and Steel Engineer,march 1986:57-59
[36] 韦东滨．无孔型轧制轧件自由表面形状的刚塑性有限元分析[J]．钢铁研究，1999，(4)：40-42
[37] E.C.Hewitt. The steel industry in the eighties[J]. The Metals Society, November 1980:86-87
[38] 崔忠圻．金属学与热处理[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1990：356-362
[2] 贺望松．硕士学位论文[D]．东北工学院，1984
[3] J.A.Nelder, R Meach. A Simplex Methods for Function Minimization[J]. Computer Journal, 1965:308
[4] R.D.Weber. Wire rod rolling on fiat rolls[J]. WIRE INDUSTRY, 1975, (3): 200-203
[5] .F.S.Remmev. Dvevloping Non-Ferrous Wire Manufacture[J]. WIRE INDUSTRY, 1968(2): 149-150
[6] R.Colin, R.Leger. Morgan's Compact Mill-Design parameters,applications and operations benefits[J]. Iron and Steel Engineer, 1982, (11): 25-30
[7] S.Yanagimoto. An Experimental Study on the Deformation of Plate Stock in Hot Rolling[J]. Plasticity and Working, 1961, (6): 37-40
[8] 程鼎，吴迪，白光润．无孔型轧制压下规程制定方法的试验研究[J]．钢铁研究，1999，(5)：22-24
[9] R.D.Weber. Developing Non-ferrous Wire Manufacture[J]. WIREI INDUSTRY, February, 1968
[10] R.Sayer, R.Moller. Are Your Grooves Rally Necessary?[J]. WIRE JOURNAL, 1978, (2): 68-72
[11] 韦东滨，程鼎等．无孔型轧制轧件角部尖化变形的实验研究[J]．钢铁，1999，(1)：27-30
[12] K．F．Simons．采用无孔型轧制的经验[C]．八十年代棒、线材生产，1981：179-180
[13] N.H.Mcbroom. Selection of novel rolling techniques for quality bar production[J]. Metals Technology, January 1982:26-29
[14] 冀伟．无孔型(平辊)轧制工艺[J]．天津冶金，2001，(6)：63
[15] T.Yanazawa, N.Hiral, T.Tanaka. Development of grooveless rolling for a billet mill[J]. Iron and Steel Engineer, 1984, (8): 27-32
[16] A.A. 1991, (1): 54-55
[17] 刘京华．无槽轧制的研究及其展望[J]．首钢科技，1983，(6)：15-17
[18] 张卫刚，白光润．无孔型轧制时轧件稳定条件的研究[J]．湖南冶金，1989，(3)：11-14
[19] 梁启华，许梦元．应用全阶梯无孔型轧制扁钢[J]．特殊钢，1997，(2)：40-43
[20] 冯贺滨．唐钢引进的C．C．C轧机介绍[J]．轧钢，1990，(3)：21-24
[21] 宋德贤．无孔型轧制初探[J]．江苏冶金，2000，(5)：10-13
[22] 钟昌栋等．棒材无孔型轧制的生产实践[J]．水钢科技，1994，(2)
[23] 何声泉，罗卫平．在Φ650轧机上无孔型轧制扁坯的设想[J]．四川冶金，1989，(3)：92-96
[24] 齐作玉等．钢坯轧机平辊轧制的研究[J]．轧钢，1986，(4)：37-39
[25] 姜振峰，肖国栋，李子文．可优化棒材生产的实用技术[J]．新疆钢铁，2003，(4)：21-23
[26] 刘京华，李子文．小型连轧机的工艺与电器控制[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，2000：101-107
[27] 黄守汉．塑性变形与轧制原理[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，1991：172-200
[28] 曲克．轧钢工艺学[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，1991：230-235
[29] 冯贺滨．紧凑式轧机无孔型轧制轧件宽展模型的建立[J]．轧钢，2000，(3)：18-20
[30] 吴继庚．实用数值计算方法与程序[M]，北京：冶金工业出版社，1991
[31] 赵松筠，唐文林．型钢孔型设计[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，2000：236-245
[32] T.Shinokura. Spread Characteristics of Grooved Rolling and its Mathematical Formulation[J]. Plasticity and Working, 1978, (29): 109-111
[33] 赵志业．金属塑性变形与轧制理论[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，2002：248-250
[34] V.Nagpal.,W.R.Clough.Plane Strain Forging-A Lower Upper Bound Approach[J]. Eng forInd,1973: 74
[35] K. Sevenler. Spread and bulging in bar and rod rolling using flat rolls. Iron and Steel Engineer,march 1986:57-59
[36] 韦东滨．无孔型轧制轧件自由表面形状的刚塑性有限元分析[J]．钢铁研究，1999，(4)：40-42
[37] E.C.Hewitt. The steel industry in the eighties[J]. The Metals Society, November 1980:86-87
[38] 崔忠圻．金属学与热处理[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1990：356-362