真空堆载联合预压加固堤防软土地基沉降预测研究
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摘要
真空堆载联合预压法是在真空排水预压法的基础上发展起来的一种加固软土地基的有效方法。它可以消除软土地基大部分的固结沉降和次固结沉降。尽管如此，沉降仍在很长时间内存在。这对建在堤防软基上的建筑物的安全运行存在着隐患。因此研究和建立采用真空堆载联合预压加固堤防软土地基的沉降预测计算方法以指导施工建设具有重要意义。
(1)根据真空堆载联合预压施工方法在考虑多级加载的基础上，建立了与实际加载过程相符的一维沉降预测模型并推求了线性加载下的沉降计算公式。算例表明该预测模型是可行的、合理的。
(2)针对二维粘弹性沉降预测，确定了模型反演参数的取值范围，对于多层软土地基变量同时反演很难获得最优解的问题，提出结合工程勘察和现场实验以减少参数的方法获得最优解。针对粘弹性参数对沉降的影响在固结后期才能明显表现，提出通过对不同时间段观测信息反演获得的计算参数基本一致时，才可作为沉降预测的基本参数。
(3)根据实测曲线特点引入了更符合真空堆载联合预压沉降过程的推理曲线法。并且利用模型比选来比较其预测效果，提出了利用最后六个沉降计算值与实测值的平方差最小的模型为最优。最后通过工程实例，对各种预测方法进行对比分析并评价了各种方法的合理性，进而提出指导堤防工程建设更适用的方法。
The vacuum combined with surcharge preloading developing from vacuum preloading is a useful strengthening method to soft soil foundation. It can eliminate the majority of primary consolidation settlement and parts of secondary consolidation settlement. But the settlement of soft soil foundation still exists for a long period. And these potential settlements have hidden trouble to safety management of the buildings. Therefore, the research and establishment of computed method to settlement of construction have fatal significance to make prognosis settlement and actual settlement be closely and exact.
Based on considering the construction method of vacuum combined with surcharge preloading and considering multilevel preloading, this paper set up settlement prediction model in accord with process of actual preloading, and ascertain formulation of settlement considering linear loading. Some examples prove that the prediction mode is reliable and rational.
As to planar visco-elastic prediction of settlement, this paper fixes on range of the back-calculation parameters range , analyzes back-calculation parameters which are indispensably in the course of anti-analysis. Since it is difficult to acquire the optimization result in simultaneous back-calculation, this paper puts forward a calculation method which combined with investigation data and field experiment data to minimize the parameters to get optimization. Aimed at this property hi which the effect of visco-elastic parameters appeared in late period, this paper proposes that parameters are not adopted as basic ones to predict settlement unless this computed parameters are similar in the course of back-calculation.
Based on characteristic of field curve, this paper introduces a new reasoning-predictive-model which is suit for the settlement course of vacuum combined with surcharge preloading ,and compares its effect with others methods hi way of mode comparison. As to actual settlement velocity, this paper proposes that the mean square errors of the last six numbers between the measured results and calculated results are used at the criterion. Finally, all methods are compared by engineers examples, and rationality of every method is appraised. This paper points out the more applicable and feasible method to calculate the channel engineering.
(1)根据真空堆载联合预压施工方法在考虑多级加载的基础上，建立了与实际加载过程相符的一维沉降预测模型并推求了线性加载下的沉降计算公式。算例表明该预测模型是可行的、合理的。
(2)针对二维粘弹性沉降预测，确定了模型反演参数的取值范围，对于多层软土地基变量同时反演很难获得最优解的问题，提出结合工程勘察和现场实验以减少参数的方法获得最优解。针对粘弹性参数对沉降的影响在固结后期才能明显表现，提出通过对不同时间段观测信息反演获得的计算参数基本一致时，才可作为沉降预测的基本参数。
(3)根据实测曲线特点引入了更符合真空堆载联合预压沉降过程的推理曲线法。并且利用模型比选来比较其预测效果，提出了利用最后六个沉降计算值与实测值的平方差最小的模型为最优。最后通过工程实例，对各种预测方法进行对比分析并评价了各种方法的合理性，进而提出指导堤防工程建设更适用的方法。
The vacuum combined with surcharge preloading developing from vacuum preloading is a useful strengthening method to soft soil foundation. It can eliminate the majority of primary consolidation settlement and parts of secondary consolidation settlement. But the settlement of soft soil foundation still exists for a long period. And these potential settlements have hidden trouble to safety management of the buildings. Therefore, the research and establishment of computed method to settlement of construction have fatal significance to make prognosis settlement and actual settlement be closely and exact.
Based on considering the construction method of vacuum combined with surcharge preloading and considering multilevel preloading, this paper set up settlement prediction model in accord with process of actual preloading, and ascertain formulation of settlement considering linear loading. Some examples prove that the prediction mode is reliable and rational.
As to planar visco-elastic prediction of settlement, this paper fixes on range of the back-calculation parameters range , analyzes back-calculation parameters which are indispensably in the course of anti-analysis. Since it is difficult to acquire the optimization result in simultaneous back-calculation, this paper puts forward a calculation method which combined with investigation data and field experiment data to minimize the parameters to get optimization. Aimed at this property hi which the effect of visco-elastic parameters appeared in late period, this paper proposes that parameters are not adopted as basic ones to predict settlement unless this computed parameters are similar in the course of back-calculation.
Based on characteristic of field curve, this paper introduces a new reasoning-predictive-model which is suit for the settlement course of vacuum combined with surcharge preloading ,and compares its effect with others methods hi way of mode comparison. As to actual settlement velocity, this paper proposes that the mean square errors of the last six numbers between the measured results and calculated results are used at the criterion. Finally, all methods are compared by engineers examples, and rationality of every method is appraised. This paper points out the more applicable and feasible method to calculate the channel engineering.
引文
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[2]施建勇．地基基础理论及应用．南京：河海大学出版社，2002．
[3]龚晓南．高速公路软土地基处理技术．上海：上海大学出版社，1998．
[4]土工原理与计算(第二版)钱家欢 殷宗泽主编中国水利水电出版社，1980．9
[5]Kavanagh K T, Clough R B W. Finite element applications in characteri-zation of elastic solids. Int. J. Solids Structure, 1971,7.
[6]Kavanagh K T. Extension of classical experiment techniques for characterizing composite-material behavior. Experimental Methods,1972, 12(1).
[7]Beliveau J G. Identification of viscous damping in structures from model information J. Appl. Mech, 1976, 43(2).
[8]Tomizawa M. Identification of a one-dimensional model for a soil-layer-bedrock system during an earthquake. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 1980, 8(3).
[9]Gioda G A numerical procedure for defining the values of soil parameter affecting consolidation. In Proc. Of the 7th European Conf.On soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Design Parameter in Geotechnical Engineering .London: British Geotechnical Society,1979.1.
[10]Gioda G, Maier G。Direct search solution of an inverse problem in and elastoplasticity: Identification of cohension, prediction angle in situ stress by pressure tunnel tests.Int. J. for Numerical Methods ira Engineering,1980, 15.
[11]Cancelli A. Cividini A.An embankment on soft clav with sand drains numerical characterization of the parameters from in-situ measurements .In: Int. Conf. on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering.St. Louis, 1984.2.
[12]Katsuhiko Ariai et al,Estimation of soil parameters on monitored movement of subsoil under consolidation, Soils and Foundations Vol.24 Dec 1984.
[13]S. Sakurai and K. Takeuchi, Back-analysis by Measured Displacement of Tunnel, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.
[14]冯紫良，杨林德，李成江，初始地应力的反推原理，隧道工程，1983年第3，4期
[15]杨林德等，初始地应力及E值反演计算的边界单元法，第一界工程中的边界单元法会议文集，1985年12月．
[16]杨林德，初始地应力及地层E、μ值反演计算的边界单元法，同济大学情报站，1987年．
[17]杨林德，朱合华，线形分布初始地应力场和地层弹性参数的反演分析，水电地下建筑情报网会议资料，1989年．
[18]杨林德，朱合华等，天荒坪抽水蓄能电站实验洞的位移反分析研究，岩土工程学报，1992年第2期．
[19]Ohkami, T. et al, A boundary element method for identifying orthotropic material parameters, Int Jfor Num and Analy Meth in geomech,Vol.,15,No. 9, pp609～625,1991.
[20]陈子萌，时间序列反分析简介，岩土力学新反分析方法讨论会论文集，PP44～63，1989．
[21]Katsuhiko Ariai et al,Estimation of soil parameters on monitored movement of subsoil under consolidation, Soils and Foundations Vol.24 Dec 1984.
[22]Adachi,T., Kollma, K., Estimation of design parameters for earth tunnels, Proc Int Symp on Complex rock Formation, beijing, pp771～776,1986.
[23]S. Sakurai and K. Takeuchi,Back-analysis by Measured Displacement of Tunnel, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.
[24]T. Kailath,A view of -Three Decades of Linear Filtering Theory. IEEE Trans. Inform Theory,Vol. IT-20, No2 pp34～35, 1960.
[25]A. Cividini, L. Jurinaand G. Gioda, Someaspects of 'Characterization' provlems in geomechanics,Int. J. Rock Mech. Mining Sc,1981.
[26]Mikio Shoji and Hideki Ohta et al,Safety control of Embankment Foundation based on elastic-plastic back analysis,Soil and foun-dations ,Vol.26, No. 2, June 1989.
[27]娄炎，真空排水预压法加固软土技术，北京：人民交通出版社，2002．
[28]施建勇，地基处理，南京：河海大学出版社，2000．
[29]高志义，真空预压法的机理分析，岩土工程学报，1989．11(4)．45～56．
[30]龚晓南，岑仰润．真空预压加固软土地基机理探讨，哈尔滨建筑大学学报，2002．4．7～10．
[31]杨林德，初始地应力及地层E，μ值反演计算的边界单元法，同济大学情报
站，1987．
[32]土工原理与计算(第二版)钱家欢殷宗泽主编中国水利水电出版社，1980．9
[33]《第三届塑料板排水法加固软基技术研讨会论文集》河海大学出版社，主编刘家豪 《超长排水板施工期地基沉降的实验研究》．1996．10．1．
[34]岩土力学 张振营主编 中国水利水电出版社，2000，8．
[35]《公路建设质量通病分析与防治》黄晓明、张晓冰编著人民交通出版社，2002，8．
[36]地基与基础工程新技术实用手册(第四卷)；刘正峰主编，海潮出版社．
[37]赵维炳，陈永辉，龚友平．平面应变有限元分析中砂井的处理方法．水利学报．1998．6．
[38]朱百里，沈珠江．计算土力学．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1990．
[39]潭昌明，周建，罗嗣海．公路路堤软土地基沉降的二维反演与预测．公路交通科技，2001．10．
[40]孙钓，岩土材料流变及其工程应用，中国建筑工业出版社，北京，1999．
[41]殷宗泽，土体非线性及弹塑性比奥固结平面有限元程序(BCF)．见：水工结构与岩土工程的现代计算方法及程序．南京：河海大学出版社，1992．
[42]谢宁，土的室内流变试验探讨．岩土工程师，Vol．11．No．1．
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