声发射技术在直升机部件疲劳裂纹检测中的应用研究
摘要
在直升机部件的疲劳试验及强度研究中，利用声发射技术监测可以更早发现裂纹的萌生、位置及扩展情况，能有效地发现损伤部位和损伤程度。改进及提高声发射技术对疲劳试验状态下的裂纹检测效率和精度，是准确评估直升机各重要构件寿命的关键。本文基于将声发射技术应用到直升机部件疲劳裂纹检测中，对噪声的抑制、声发射源定位的问题以及声发射特性典型参数数据库的构造进行了研究，主要工作如下：
·分析噪声的来源，对如何抑制环境噪声进行了研究。从软件和硬件两方面进行考虑，提出了六种抑制噪声的方法：空间滤波、幅值滤波、带通滤波、参数窗滤波以及声发射波击时间设置和图解分析滤波，这几种方法的共同点都是依据噪声和有效信号的差别进行处理。
·根据不同材料、不同形状样件的声发射特性，对如何布置检测探头，提高定位精度进行研究。分析了产生声源定位误差的主要因素：时差测量误差、波速测量误差及定位方法引起的误差，并提出了相应的解决办法。
·通过大量的实验，对声发射技术在直升机部件疲劳裂纹检测中的应用进行研究，验证了应用声发射技术进行监测所起到的预警作用，获得的大量实验数据可作为经验数据纳入到声发射特性参数数据库中。
·研究了声发射特性参数数据库系统的构造。按照任务的目的和要求，设计了其数据库系统结构：定义数据、表、创建数据关系模型及设计数据结构。
Using acoustic emission in fatigue test and intensity research of helicopter part, the fatigue crack initiation, location and crack growth can be found. It is an effective method to discover the position and degree of damage in the materials. It is important to evaluate accurately the longevity of the part by advance the efficiency of using AE method on detecting crack in fatigue test. For successfully applying AE on detecting crack during fatigue test, noise restraining, signal locating and the building of AE features database has been deeply investigated in this thesis. In brief, the following are the primary contents:
By analyzing the source of noise, several methods of restraining the noise are proposed: Space filter, Amplitude filter, BP filter, Parameters filter, Hit time setting and illustrate analysis.
According to the AE characteristic of sample with different materials and shapes, the location mode of AE transducers to increase the precision in location are described in detail. And aiming at the errors in time difference measuring, wave velocity measuring and the location mode, the resolvent is proposed.
To testify AE's prediction function, we use the acoustic emission in a great deal of fatigue experiments, and have attained experiential data which can be included in the AE features database.
The building of AE features database is investigated. According to the demands, the structure of the database has been designed: defining data, defining table, building relation data model and designing the data structure.
·分析噪声的来源，对如何抑制环境噪声进行了研究。从软件和硬件两方面进行考虑，提出了六种抑制噪声的方法：空间滤波、幅值滤波、带通滤波、参数窗滤波以及声发射波击时间设置和图解分析滤波，这几种方法的共同点都是依据噪声和有效信号的差别进行处理。
·根据不同材料、不同形状样件的声发射特性，对如何布置检测探头，提高定位精度进行研究。分析了产生声源定位误差的主要因素：时差测量误差、波速测量误差及定位方法引起的误差，并提出了相应的解决办法。
·通过大量的实验，对声发射技术在直升机部件疲劳裂纹检测中的应用进行研究，验证了应用声发射技术进行监测所起到的预警作用，获得的大量实验数据可作为经验数据纳入到声发射特性参数数据库中。
·研究了声发射特性参数数据库系统的构造。按照任务的目的和要求，设计了其数据库系统结构：定义数据、表、创建数据关系模型及设计数据结构。
Using acoustic emission in fatigue test and intensity research of helicopter part, the fatigue crack initiation, location and crack growth can be found. It is an effective method to discover the position and degree of damage in the materials. It is important to evaluate accurately the longevity of the part by advance the efficiency of using AE method on detecting crack in fatigue test. For successfully applying AE on detecting crack during fatigue test, noise restraining, signal locating and the building of AE features database has been deeply investigated in this thesis. In brief, the following are the primary contents:
By analyzing the source of noise, several methods of restraining the noise are proposed: Space filter, Amplitude filter, BP filter, Parameters filter, Hit time setting and illustrate analysis.
According to the AE characteristic of sample with different materials and shapes, the location mode of AE transducers to increase the precision in location are described in detail. And aiming at the errors in time difference measuring, wave velocity measuring and the location mode, the resolvent is proposed.
To testify AE's prediction function, we use the acoustic emission in a great deal of fatigue experiments, and have attained experiential data which can be included in the AE features database.
The building of AE features database is investigated. According to the demands, the structure of the database has been designed: defining data, defining table, building relation data model and designing the data structure.
引文
[1] 袁振明，马羽宽，何泽云。声发射技术及其应用．机械工业出版社．1985年
[2] Lars Lading, Malcolm McGugan, Peder Sendrup, Jorgen Rheinl(?)nder and Jens Rusborg, Fundamentals for Remote Structural Health Monitoring of Wind Turbine Blades - a Preproject, May 2002, pp. 5.
[3] 姚培元等．无损检测新技术．南昌航空工业学院．1983．11
[4] 许凤旌．声发射技术在飞机研制和生产中的应用．美国物理声学公司(PAC)北京办事处
[5] J.Kaiser, Ph.D. Thesis, Techniche Hochschulo Munchen Munich, Germany, 1950.
[6] A.T. Green et al, Acoustic Verification of Structural Integrily of Polaris chambers,Modem Plastics, MOPLAY,41(11)
[7] Christopher P. Fotos,Acoustic Emission technique Tests Aircraft Integrity, AVIATION WEEK&SPACE TECHNILOGY, 1989
[8] Donald J. Pointer, On Aircraft Analysis of F-14 Aircraft Wing Bearing Using Acoustic Emission.
[9] Flight Lieutenant N.Murry, An Application in the Proof Pressure Testing of Aircraft Structures Using Acoustic Emission,ASNT 1994.
[10] B.C.Dykes,W.T. Hardrath,D.S.Ulm, An Acoustic Emission Pre-failure Warning System For Composite Structural Test, Boeing Commercial Airplanes.
[11] Paul Berner, Acoustic Emission Inspection, 《AVIATION》.
[12] Jean Pierre Dupuis, Certification D'un Element de Voilure Composite De L'AIRBUS A340 Par Emission Acoustique,6th European Conference on Nondetructive Testing, 1994
[13] W.C.Boyce,Test Engineer, SIKORSKY AIRCRAFT, Assessment of Structural Damage in Composites Utilizing Acoustic Emission Technology, American Helicopter Society's 41st Annual, 1985.
[14] Aircraft. Available on WWW at http://www.carlcons.com/Aircraft.htm. April 06,1999
[15] 用声发射和超声-声发射监控老化结构．美国物理声学公司(PAC)北京办事处
[16] 刘时风，王勇．“全波形声发射测试技术研究”．北京：清华大学机械系无损检测技术工程中心
[17] 航空航天无损检测人员资格鉴定与培训参考教材．第三册．声发射检测讲义航空航天无损检测人员资格鉴定委员会编，1998年第一版
[18] 许凤旌，董卫平．中国第八届声发射学术研讨会论文集，上海，1999，P_(172-180)
[19] [美]哈里Y-F拉姆著，《模拟和数字滤波器设计与实现》，人民邮电出版社，
北京，1985年第11-13章
[20] 沈功田，周裕峰．中国第七届声发射学术研讨会论文集，北京，1997，P_(136-141)
[21] DiSP USER'S MANUAL. Revl. PHYSICAL ACOUSTICS CORPORATION.2001.9
[22] 耿荣生等．中国第七届声发射学术研讨会论文集．中国无损检测学会声发射专业委员会，1997年十月十三日至十七日
[23] 机电部通用机械研究所等．在役压力容器声发射检测评定方法．1997，7(3)
[24] T. Kishw, K.Takahashi, M.ohtsu. Proceeding of the 11th International Acoustic Emission Symposium, Japan: The Japanese Society for NDI, 1992
[25] 徐彦廷．中国第七届声发射学术研讨会论文集．北京，1997，P_(25-28)
[26] 高镇同主编．航空金属材料疲劳性能手册．北京航空材料研究所
[27] GJB 438A军用软件文档编制规范．
[28] 陈雪松，陆民燕，阮镰．基于面向对象技术的实时软件可靠性测试数据生成方法研究．《测控技术》2000年9月，P_(18)-P_(21)
[29] [美]Christopher J.Bockmann，Lars Klander,Lingyan Tang.Visual Basic程序员实用例库．电子工业出版社．1999
[30] Rick Dobson.Access2002程序设计手册．人民邮电出版社．2000
[2] Lars Lading, Malcolm McGugan, Peder Sendrup, Jorgen Rheinl(?)nder and Jens Rusborg, Fundamentals for Remote Structural Health Monitoring of Wind Turbine Blades - a Preproject, May 2002, pp. 5.
[3] 姚培元等．无损检测新技术．南昌航空工业学院．1983．11
[4] 许凤旌．声发射技术在飞机研制和生产中的应用．美国物理声学公司(PAC)北京办事处
[5] J.Kaiser, Ph.D. Thesis, Techniche Hochschulo Munchen Munich, Germany, 1950.
[6] A.T. Green et al, Acoustic Verification of Structural Integrily of Polaris chambers,Modem Plastics, MOPLAY,41(11)
[7] Christopher P. Fotos,Acoustic Emission technique Tests Aircraft Integrity, AVIATION WEEK&SPACE TECHNILOGY, 1989
[8] Donald J. Pointer, On Aircraft Analysis of F-14 Aircraft Wing Bearing Using Acoustic Emission.
[9] Flight Lieutenant N.Murry, An Application in the Proof Pressure Testing of Aircraft Structures Using Acoustic Emission,ASNT 1994.
[10] B.C.Dykes,W.T. Hardrath,D.S.Ulm, An Acoustic Emission Pre-failure Warning System For Composite Structural Test, Boeing Commercial Airplanes.
[11] Paul Berner, Acoustic Emission Inspection, 《AVIATION》.
[12] Jean Pierre Dupuis, Certification D'un Element de Voilure Composite De L'AIRBUS A340 Par Emission Acoustique,6th European Conference on Nondetructive Testing, 1994
[13] W.C.Boyce,Test Engineer, SIKORSKY AIRCRAFT, Assessment of Structural Damage in Composites Utilizing Acoustic Emission Technology, American Helicopter Society's 41st Annual, 1985.
[14] Aircraft. Available on WWW at http://www.carlcons.com/Aircraft.htm. April 06,1999
[15] 用声发射和超声-声发射监控老化结构．美国物理声学公司(PAC)北京办事处
[16] 刘时风，王勇．“全波形声发射测试技术研究”．北京：清华大学机械系无损检测技术工程中心
[17] 航空航天无损检测人员资格鉴定与培训参考教材．第三册．声发射检测讲义航空航天无损检测人员资格鉴定委员会编，1998年第一版
[18] 许凤旌，董卫平．中国第八届声发射学术研讨会论文集，上海，1999，P_(172-180)
[19] [美]哈里Y-F拉姆著，《模拟和数字滤波器设计与实现》，人民邮电出版社，
北京，1985年第11-13章
[20] 沈功田，周裕峰．中国第七届声发射学术研讨会论文集，北京，1997，P_(136-141)
[21] DiSP USER'S MANUAL. Revl. PHYSICAL ACOUSTICS CORPORATION.2001.9
[22] 耿荣生等．中国第七届声发射学术研讨会论文集．中国无损检测学会声发射专业委员会，1997年十月十三日至十七日
[23] 机电部通用机械研究所等．在役压力容器声发射检测评定方法．1997，7(3)
[24] T. Kishw, K.Takahashi, M.ohtsu. Proceeding of the 11th International Acoustic Emission Symposium, Japan: The Japanese Society for NDI, 1992
[25] 徐彦廷．中国第七届声发射学术研讨会论文集．北京，1997，P_(25-28)
[26] 高镇同主编．航空金属材料疲劳性能手册．北京航空材料研究所
[27] GJB 438A军用软件文档编制规范．
[28] 陈雪松，陆民燕，阮镰．基于面向对象技术的实时软件可靠性测试数据生成方法研究．《测控技术》2000年9月，P_(18)-P_(21)
[29] [美]Christopher J.Bockmann，Lars Klander,Lingyan Tang.Visual Basic程序员实用例库．电子工业出版社．1999
[30] Rick Dobson.Access2002程序设计手册．人民邮电出版社．2000
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |