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有机、无公害与常规蔬菜生产模式的比较研究
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摘要
本文通过有机、无公害和常规生产模式连续三茬蔬菜(即黄瓜、西红柿、芹菜)生产试验,对不同生产模式进行了土壤养分、蔬菜长势、品质、产量、病虫害的发生、经济效益进行分析比较,为替代常规蔬菜生产提供技术依据。
     (1)经过三茬蔬菜试验,有机生产模式0~20cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效钾含量分别比常规生产模式高48.5%、25.4%、-14.3%、130.1%;无公害模式生产模式0~20cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效钾含量分别比常规生产模式高5.1%、4.3%、-29.4%、81.6%;有机生产模式20~40cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效钾含量分别比常规生产模式高35.2%、5.7%、-2.9%、94.9%;无公害生产模式20~40cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效钾含量分别比常规生产模式高6.6%、-10.4%、-14.7%、67.4%。
     (2)有机、无公害生产模式黄瓜的株高分别比常规生产模式高34.2%和22.9%;有机、无公害生产模式黄瓜的单果重分别比常规生产模式高8.8%和7.6%;有机生产模式西红柿的株高、单果重、产量分别比无公害模式高3.3%、14.5%、15.6%,比常规生产模式分别高1%、11%、0.2%;有机、无公害生产模式每公斤氮的产出量比常规生产模式高6.2%和6.3%;有机、无公害生产模式芹菜的株高比常规生产模式分别高20.5%和10.3%,每公斤氮的产出量有机、无公害生产模式比常规生产模式分别高13.7%和25.2%。
     (3)有机生产模式西红柿的Vc、总糖、可溶性固形物含量分别比常规生产模式高11.9%、14.1%、3.9%;有机生产模式芹菜的Vc、总糖、可溶性固形物含量分别比常规生产模式高11.2%、12.5%、43.8%。有机、无公害、常规生产模式芹菜硝酸盐含量分别为739.24 mg/kg、789.44 mg/kg、1065.73 mg/kg。
     (4)有机生产模式黄瓜的收益比常规生产模式低80.4%,无公害生产模式比常规生产模式高96.0%;无公害生产模式西红柿的收益比常规生产模式低44.1%,有机生产模式比常规生产模式高16.4%;有机、无公害生产模式芹菜的收益比常规生产模式分别高5.5%和-12.4%。
In this study , we have continuously planted cucumber-tomato-celery and compared the three different planting patterns of vegetable crops, organic, integrated and conventional, in soil nutrients, growth, quality, yield, plant diseases and insect pests, economic benefit. By the comparison we want to put forth technical base for conventional vegetable producing.
    (1) The organic matter total N, total P, available K in organic pattern were higher compared to conventional pattern by 48.5%, 25.4%, -14.3%, 130.1% in the soil of 0~20cm; those in integrated pattern were higher than conventional by 5.1%, 4.3%, -29.4%, 81.6% in the soil of 0~20cm. And in organic pattern are higher than conventional by 35.2%, 5.7%, -2.9%, 94.9%in the soil of 20~40cm; integrated higher than conventional by 6.6%, -10.4%, -14.7%, 67.4%
    (2) Individual plant in organic and integrated patterns were respectively higher 34.2% and 22.9%; fruit weight of cucumber were higher 8.8% and 7.6% than conventional. Plant height, single fruit weight and yield in organic pattern were over 3.3%, 14.5%, 15.6 than integrated, 1%, 11%, 0.2% than conventional. Specific output of nitrogenous fertilizer of organic and integrated were more 6.2% and 6.3% than conventional; plant height of celery in organic and integrated patterns were respectively over 20.5% and 10.3%, output of each kilogram nitrogenous in organic and integrated patterns were higher 13.7% and 25.2%.
    (3 ) V c, total saccharide, dissoluble solid of tomato in organic produce were respectively more 11.9%, 14.1%, 3.9%than conventional; and those of celery in organic produce were morel 1.2%, 12.5%,43.8% than conventional.. The nitrate content of celery in organic, integrated and conventional patterns were 739.24mg/kg, 789.44mg/kg, 1065.73mg/kg.
    (4 ) The income of organic cucumber was lower 80.4% than conventional, that of integrated higher 96.0% than conventional; the income of integrated tomato was lower 44.1% than conventional; 16.4% organic over than conventional; that of organic and integrated celery were respectively 5.5% and -12.4% over than conventional.
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