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浅析我国应对跨国并购方略
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摘要
自20世纪80年代以来,全球经济一体化进程的持续推进,以及世界大市场的形成都使我国企业无可避免地卷入了世界经济的发展潮流中,市场需求和市场竞争情况发生了巨大的变化。同时我国改革开放继续深化、企业现代化进程日渐推进,及至2001年年底加入世界贸易组织,这一切都给我国企业带来了极大的冲击。在吸引外商投资方面,原有的绿地投资正在逐渐被跨国并购所替代。我们可以看出随着中国入世后与国际市场的不断接轨,跨国并购将成为今后外商投资及我国企业海外投资的必然选择。因此,了解跨国并购的特点、现状及发展趋势,并提早采取对策将是我们今后面临的一项重要课题。
     本文为作者在结束在职研究生课程后,查阅大量资料并结合自身工作体会,对跨国并购及我国应对跨国并购应采取方略所发表的一些看法。在文中,作者力图通过对跨国并购理论上的一些研究及在我国的发展现状和今后的发展趋势,来阐述我国政府和企业尽快与国际接轨,通过法规的完善和企业竞争力的提高来迎接跨国并购,参与国际竞争的必要性,并在论文最后针对我国现状,提出了我国政府、企业和相关机构三方面应采取的政策和对策。尽管不尽完善,但是相信仍然对我国处理跨国并购问题具有一定的借鉴作用。
     全文共分四章:
     第一章“跨国并购的理论解释”。文章首先点出始于上世纪90年代的第五次并购浪潮正是跨国公司出于全球市场一体化的考虑所完成的跨国并购,然后引出跨国并购的概念。在介绍跨国并购的类型时,分别从并购双方的行业相互关系、是否接触、是否上市三个方面进行划分。在介绍跨国并购理论时,列举了货币平价理论、市场互补理论、区位理论等常见理论。在第一章中,作者力图通过对跨国并购的理论介绍,使读者能够对跨国并购有一个理性的认识。
     第二章“跨国并购的特点、动因及发展趋势”。现阶段的跨国并购主要以水平并购和混合并购为主。发达国家的并购下降,而发展中国家的并购上升,单个并购规模逐步上升,且并购的产业方面由传统制造业向服务业和高科技产业转移的倾向日益增强,同时中介机构在跨国并购中发挥了重大作用。通过跨国并购,跨国公司可以以最快捷的方式进入国外市场,获取技术和人才优势,使公司快速成长,有效实现其全球战略。由上所述,跨国并购近几年得以飞速发展。2000年,全球的跨国并购规模曾经创纪录地达到1.1万亿美元。虽然2001年跨国并购有所降温,但是从亚洲尤其是中国的发展趋势来看,跨国并购在我国及我国所在的亚洲地区必将进一步蓬勃发展。
     第三章“跨国并购在我国的发展现状”。与以美国为首的世界经济陷入低谷相反,中国的经济却连续多年保持着7%的增长率,成为国际经济舞台上一道亮丽的风景线。因此国外投资者都对在中国投资充满信心,只是伴随着中国入世,跨国并购将取代绿地投资成为今后外商投资的主要方式。随着我国的逐步开放,外商跨国并购的对象将不止是国有大中型企业,还将全面函盖广大中小型企业。但是由于政策法规的限制,以及缺少《并购法》等法律规范,使得跨国并购在我国依然困难重重。很多问题,依然需要我们去面对、去解决。跨国并购带给我们的冲击是全方位的,既有正面效应,又有负面效应,更多的时候还是对我们观念上的冲击。
     第四章“我国应对跨国并购之方略”。本章分别从政府、企业和相关机构三方面提出应对跨国并购应采取的政策和对策。作为我国政府,首先应完善法律法规,变限制为引导,充分发挥投资银行、律师事物所和会计师事物所等中介机构的作用,减少跨国并购的负面影响。同时还应尽快建立跨国并购领导小组,对跨国并购有序管理。作为我国企业,则应以提高企
    
    业竞争力、增强信用为目标,向跨国公司方向发展,或组建战略联盟应对并购,在必要时企
    业还应学习一些反并购策略。作为我国相关机构,则可以从学术角度建立跨国并购研究机构
    和协会组织,加强国际间交流,培养我国自己的跨国并购人才。
Along with the economic globalization and taking shape of world market that came into view since 1980' s, enterprises of China have been also aware clearly of the necessity to adhere to the worldwide market economy. At the same time, Chinese enterprises were profoundly impacted by carrying out of the policy of the reform and opening-up to the outside world and China' s accession to WTO at the end of 2001. The obvious change is that green-field investment will be more and more replaced by cross-border M&A in the coming days. Now it' s very important for us to make close research in Cross-border M&A because it is main choice for international companies when they face the choice of investment.
    The thesis was written by the author at the end of his master courses and after he had a serious research. The thesis offers some ideas about cross-border M&A which are meaningful for Chinese enterprises. The author tries to clarify the outstanding necessity of enhancing our business law and regulations in the whole effort of promoting our enterprise' s efficiency. At least, the author points out that business policies should be assumed jointly by the government, enterprises and other social organization, although it' s not perfect, it is still better.
    The thesis is consists of four chapters.
    The first chapter is focused on the theory of cross-border M&A. In this chapter, the author clarifies the definition, types and principles of cross-border M&A and clarifies the relationship between merger and acquisition. He tries to make his readers a profile of cross-border M&A through concise introduction to the theory.
    The second chapter is focused on the characters of cross-border M&A. The author points out the reasons for cross-border M&A and its main characters, intention of development in the future. In recent years, on the reverse of depressed world economy, the growth rate of China economy has been kept up above 7% every year and it attracts more and more foreign companies to invest in China. Cross-border M&A is the most possible method of investment, cross-border company could enter into the aim market through the most convenient method and achieve their global strategy ASAP. At the
    
    
    
    end of this chapter, the author indicates that cross-border M&A will see great development in China.
    The third chapter is focused on the current situation of cross-border M&A in China. Due to lack of law and regulations concerned in M&A, such as M&A Act etc., there are many obstacles in the way of developing M&A in China. M&A has both advantages and disadvantages at same time, we must pay attention to it and avoid such bad impact. The most important thing is to change our mind and face the new world.
    The fourth chapter is focused on the policy of China when facing to cross-border M&A. The author clarify respectively policies concerned about government, enterprises and the social associations. For government, it should perfect all law concerned of M&A in the country and liberate the function of investment bank and curb bad effects of cross-border M&A. For enterprises, they must do the best to promote organizational efficiency, set up cross-border development strategy, or found strategy alliance. Where necessary, they also need learn something about anti-M&A. For associations, they should establish some research institute, make communication with their counterparts in other country and train talents in the major of cross-border M&A.
引文
1.荆林波:《中国企业大并购》,社会科学文献出版社,北京,2002
    2.王巍:《中国并购报告(2002)》,华夏出版社,北京,2002
    3.王松奇:《金融学》(第二版),中国金融出版社,北京,2000
    4.刘恒:《外资并购行为与政府规制》,法律出版社,2000
    5.段爱群:《跨国并购原理与实证分析》,法律出版社,1999
    6.史建三:《跨国并购论》,立信会计出版社,1999
    7.李扬、王国刚:《资本市场导论》,经济管理出版社,北京,1998
    8.毕肖辉:《企业兼并论》,陕西人民出版社,陕西,1997
    9.龚维敬:《企业兼并论》,复旦大学出版社,上海,1996
    10.张秋生、王东:《企业兼并与收购》,北方交通大学出版社,北京,2001
    11.维高:《兼并--资本运营核心论》,中国物资出版社,北京,1997
    12.谢佩苓:《企业购并概论》,华东师范大学出版社,上海,1998
    13.任晓芳:“充分发挥投资银行在企业购并活动中的中介作用”,《经济与金融》,2001.10
    14.王来福、张春涛:《企业并购与国企改革》
    15.“资本大潮汹涌袭来,媒体演义兼并重组”,《中国经营报》,2000年10月5日
    16.“国际航空业兼并“战事”再起”,《中国证券报》,2000年1月20日
    17.黄丽:“兼并收购浪席卷资本市场,外资如潮涌”,《全景网络证券时报》,2001年11月15日
    18.童第轶:“全球金融业再掀兼并浪潮”,《中国证券报》,2001年4月6日
    19.马杰:“全球跨国并购经历五次浪潮具八大特点”,《国际金融报》,2002年4月9日
    20.黎静:“外资并购的第二次浪潮”,《大经贸》,2002.06
    21.宋群、陈长缨:“加入WTO后跨国并购对我国经济的影响及应对方略”,http://www.cq.gov.cn/sk/jcdk/jcdk200205/200205
    22.“历史性的兼并—AOL并购时代华纳述评”,http://tech,sina.com.cn/news/review/2000-01-18/15862,shtml
    23.“上兵伐谋-海尔兼并谋略”,http://health,zbinfo,net/public/mentalworld/success/200012/5950820001220,htm
    24.霍虹:“艾默生收购安圣电气跨国公司的‘四两拨千斤’”,http://202.84.17.28/csnews/20020515/229700.asp
    25.“并购,危险的游戏”,http://202.84.17.28/csnews/20020321/204127.asp
    26.孙芳:“日本经济缘何赶不上美国” ,http://202.84.17.28/csnews/20020225/191885.asp.
    27.《浅析世界汽车企业收购兼并成败得失》,http://www.e-works.com.cn/zt67/2001810/33102.htm.
    28.良欣:“汽车业面临大洗牌”,http://202.84.17.28/csnews/20020325/205699.asp
    29.尹涛:“竞争力从何而来”,http://202.84.17.28/csnews/20020202/188106.asp
    30.石建勋:“战略规划中国跨国公司”,http://202.84.17.28/csaews/20011227/173453.htm
    31.宋群:“跨国并购对我国经济的影响及对策研究”,http://www.hh.gov.cn/jjzh/check.asp?hm=1827
    32.潘建亭:“美国企业并购简析及对我国企业并购的政策建议”,
    
    http://www.e-works.net.cn/zbyz/zc35.htm
    33.荆林波:“多视角看:京沪联合打造中国‘商业航母’”,http://www.china-review.com/jinglinbo
    34.程桢、李晓宁:“我国企业并购问题及对策”,http://www.cqjy.net/zjlt/detail.asp?id=56
    35.郑作时:“美加净:合资7年之痛”,http://www.nfcmag.com/2002-08-1/article/991292.htm
    36.张韬:“反收购战役”,http://www.ceoun.com/zc/zbyy/index3.htm
    37.潘爱玲:“积极应对跨国公司在华并购”,http://www.cfs.com.cn/zfzq/content/html
    38.周到:“外资并购打开大门,五大焦点值得关注”,http://www.chinafiw.com/e_m/site

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