GIS在城域交通仿真分析软件中的应用及车载信息平台的研发
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摘要
中国是当今世界上道路建设速度最快的国家。但是她面临着运输效率低、交通事故严重、受到能源和环境的制约、道路的增长赶不上机动车的增长等问题。城市交通拥挤堵塞已经严重影响我国经济发展和人民的日常生活。中国迫切需要进行智能交通系统的开发与建设来解决棘手的交通问题。因此，交通部门急需一种用于改善当前交通监管水平的软件支撑平台配合我国智能交通系统的现代化建设。
然而，由于我国城市交通网络是以机动车、非机动车与行人混合的交通流为特色，不同于国外发达国家以机动车为绝对主流的道路交通基础，故进口的国外软件不能完全适用于国内的交通流状况。因此，对国内外交通仿真分析软件的进展情况进行比较研究是极其必要的，在此基础上才有可能开发出符合我国混合交通流特性的交通仿真分析软件平台，为交通监管智能化提供决策支持服务，辅助交通监管和道路规划等部门完成交通宏观层面的全局管理控制和统一规划。
另一方面，作为交通网络微观层面的驾驶员本身对交通道路网中主要信息(如：停车场、加油站、单行线和环线等信息)的熟知程度同样是影响道路交通畅通的重要因素。车载自主导航系统正是旨在辅助驾驶员获得道路交通网路况信息而设计开发的智能信息系统。因此，开发车载自主导航系统具有很强的现实意义。
本文以智能交通系统、地理信息系统和嵌入式系统为研究背景，以《城域交通网络混合交通流仿真分析系统软件》及车载自主导航系统为研发对象，主要完成以下工作：
1)以我国城域道路交通仿真分析软件为研究对象，对国内外现有的交通仿真分析软件进行了较为全面地分析与比较，详细地介绍了交通流仿真模型在软件系统中的应用，并且对目前应用与影响较广的几类商业化交通仿真分析软件进行了评述，在此基础上提出一个先进的交通集成一体化仿真平台的概念原型。
2)分析GIS如何应用于交通仿真分析系统，完成一个面向城域交通微观仿真路网数据库的GIS实现方法，并在《城域交通网络混合交通流仿真分析系统软件》中实现了基于GIS的微观路网仿真数据库。该软件已于2003-9-25通过浙江省经贸委鉴定，见附录Ⅱ。
一Vl一摘要
3)以车载自主导航系统的智能要素车载信息平台为对象，对车载自主导航系统进
行了描述，提出一个高处理能力、高集成性、低成本和低功耗的车载信息平
台—基于ARMLinux的嵌入式智能信息系统平台，并已经初步完成了系统的软
硬件设计，其中完成的车载信息平台电路板见附录工。
全文的组织结构:首先，概括本文研究工作的意义和目的，较全面分析综述本文
工作将要涉及到的地理信息系统在交通仿真分析软件中的应用以及车载自主导航系统
中车载信息平台的功用;其次，对目前国内外交通仿真软件领域中的交通模型应用、
交通分析软件包、交通仿真软件包等进行了研究分析，提出了一个以开放性为主要特
色的先进的交通集成一体化仿真平台的概念原型;再次，针对目前交通仿真分析软件
路网设计中存在的问题，提出一种基于地理信息系统GIS建立城域交通微观路网模型
数据库的方法;接着，在介绍车载自主导航系统发展情况的基础上，提出设计开发低
成本车载信息平台的方案，然后对车载信息平台的设计开发进行了详细的描述;最
后，对全文所作的工作进行阶段性总结，并对本课题的延续性科研工作进行展望。
The road development of china is progressing at a rapid rate in the world. But it is faced with several problems, such as the low transportation efficiency, grave traffic accident, the limit of energy sources and environment, and so on. The economy of our country and people's day life has being influenced by urban traffic jam. China is in dire need of the solution to traffic jam through ITS. So the department of traffic needs a software platform for developing Chinese ITS.
However, our urban traffic network has own mix characteristic, which comprises motor vehicles, non-motor vehicles, and foot passengers. The mixed characteristic differs from other countries which nearly comprise motor vehicles. So foreign traffic software is not appropriate to our traffic condition. It is very important that the native or foreign traffic simulation & analysis software improve statuses are compared, on which we are able to develop the software for our mixed traffic in order to serve for ITS.
On the other hand, the drivers need require traffic information, such as park, gas station, one-way street, round street and so on. The driver familiarity to traffic information is one of the factors in traffic jam. Onboard self-determination navigation system is developed for helping drivers to obtain traffic information. So the development of onboard self-determination navigation system is very meaningful.
This paper accomplishes thereinafter content, which is in the background of ITS, GIS and Embedded System.
1) Our urban traffic simulation & analysis software is looked upon research object. Native or foreign traffic softwares in existence are all-round analyzed and compared. The traffic flow simulation model applied to software system is introduced in detail, and some kinds of commercial traffic software are reviewed. On that based advanced traffic integration unified simulation platform prototype model.
2) The application of GIS to traffic simulation & analysis system is analyzed. A GIS method
oriented to urban traffic micro-simulation road network database is completed, which is
applied to project. See appendix
II. 3) Onboard self-determination navigation system is looked upon object of R&D. Onboard
unit based ARMLinux is produced, which is high processing ability, high integrated,
lower cost and lower power cost. See appendix I.
The organized structure of this paper: First, the meaning and aim of this paper is generalized. The difficulty of GIS application to traffic software and onboard unit is analyzed. Second, the traffic model applications and kinds of traffic project software packages in the Traffic Analysis & Simulation Software region based on the traffic model has been studied. A prototype of the traffic advanced integration uniformed simulation platform is presented in the end. Third, according to the problems in traffic software network design, one method is put forward that the urban traffic micro-network model database is based on GIS. Fourth, based on the development condition of onboard self-determination navigation system, the project of developing lower cost onboard unit is put forward. The process of design and development of onboard unit is described in detail. Last, the paper completed work is summarized and possible continued scientific research is prospected.
然而，由于我国城市交通网络是以机动车、非机动车与行人混合的交通流为特色，不同于国外发达国家以机动车为绝对主流的道路交通基础，故进口的国外软件不能完全适用于国内的交通流状况。因此，对国内外交通仿真分析软件的进展情况进行比较研究是极其必要的，在此基础上才有可能开发出符合我国混合交通流特性的交通仿真分析软件平台，为交通监管智能化提供决策支持服务，辅助交通监管和道路规划等部门完成交通宏观层面的全局管理控制和统一规划。
另一方面，作为交通网络微观层面的驾驶员本身对交通道路网中主要信息(如：停车场、加油站、单行线和环线等信息)的熟知程度同样是影响道路交通畅通的重要因素。车载自主导航系统正是旨在辅助驾驶员获得道路交通网路况信息而设计开发的智能信息系统。因此，开发车载自主导航系统具有很强的现实意义。
本文以智能交通系统、地理信息系统和嵌入式系统为研究背景，以《城域交通网络混合交通流仿真分析系统软件》及车载自主导航系统为研发对象，主要完成以下工作：
1)以我国城域道路交通仿真分析软件为研究对象，对国内外现有的交通仿真分析软件进行了较为全面地分析与比较，详细地介绍了交通流仿真模型在软件系统中的应用，并且对目前应用与影响较广的几类商业化交通仿真分析软件进行了评述，在此基础上提出一个先进的交通集成一体化仿真平台的概念原型。
2)分析GIS如何应用于交通仿真分析系统，完成一个面向城域交通微观仿真路网数据库的GIS实现方法，并在《城域交通网络混合交通流仿真分析系统软件》中实现了基于GIS的微观路网仿真数据库。该软件已于2003-9-25通过浙江省经贸委鉴定，见附录Ⅱ。
一Vl一摘要
3)以车载自主导航系统的智能要素车载信息平台为对象，对车载自主导航系统进
行了描述，提出一个高处理能力、高集成性、低成本和低功耗的车载信息平
台—基于ARMLinux的嵌入式智能信息系统平台，并已经初步完成了系统的软
硬件设计，其中完成的车载信息平台电路板见附录工。
全文的组织结构:首先，概括本文研究工作的意义和目的，较全面分析综述本文
工作将要涉及到的地理信息系统在交通仿真分析软件中的应用以及车载自主导航系统
中车载信息平台的功用;其次，对目前国内外交通仿真软件领域中的交通模型应用、
交通分析软件包、交通仿真软件包等进行了研究分析，提出了一个以开放性为主要特
色的先进的交通集成一体化仿真平台的概念原型;再次，针对目前交通仿真分析软件
路网设计中存在的问题，提出一种基于地理信息系统GIS建立城域交通微观路网模型
数据库的方法;接着，在介绍车载自主导航系统发展情况的基础上，提出设计开发低
成本车载信息平台的方案，然后对车载信息平台的设计开发进行了详细的描述;最
后，对全文所作的工作进行阶段性总结，并对本课题的延续性科研工作进行展望。
The road development of china is progressing at a rapid rate in the world. But it is faced with several problems, such as the low transportation efficiency, grave traffic accident, the limit of energy sources and environment, and so on. The economy of our country and people's day life has being influenced by urban traffic jam. China is in dire need of the solution to traffic jam through ITS. So the department of traffic needs a software platform for developing Chinese ITS.
However, our urban traffic network has own mix characteristic, which comprises motor vehicles, non-motor vehicles, and foot passengers. The mixed characteristic differs from other countries which nearly comprise motor vehicles. So foreign traffic software is not appropriate to our traffic condition. It is very important that the native or foreign traffic simulation & analysis software improve statuses are compared, on which we are able to develop the software for our mixed traffic in order to serve for ITS.
On the other hand, the drivers need require traffic information, such as park, gas station, one-way street, round street and so on. The driver familiarity to traffic information is one of the factors in traffic jam. Onboard self-determination navigation system is developed for helping drivers to obtain traffic information. So the development of onboard self-determination navigation system is very meaningful.
This paper accomplishes thereinafter content, which is in the background of ITS, GIS and Embedded System.
1) Our urban traffic simulation & analysis software is looked upon research object. Native or foreign traffic softwares in existence are all-round analyzed and compared. The traffic flow simulation model applied to software system is introduced in detail, and some kinds of commercial traffic software are reviewed. On that based advanced traffic integration unified simulation platform prototype model.
2) The application of GIS to traffic simulation & analysis system is analyzed. A GIS method
oriented to urban traffic micro-simulation road network database is completed, which is
applied to
II. 3) Onboard self-determination navigation system is looked upon object of R&D. Onboard
unit based ARMLinux is produced, which is high processing ability, high integrated,
lower cost and lower power cost. See appendix I.
The organized structure of this paper: First, the meaning and aim of this paper is generalized. The difficulty of GIS application to traffic software and onboard unit is analyzed. Second, the traffic model applications and kinds of traffic project software packages in the Traffic Analysis & Simulation Software region based on the traffic model has been studied. A prototype of the traffic advanced integration uniformed simulation platform is presented in the end. Third, according to the problems in traffic software network design, one method is put forward that the urban traffic micro-network model database is based on GIS. Fourth, based on the development condition of onboard self-determination navigation system, the project of developing lower cost onboard unit is put forward. The process of design and development of onboard unit is described in detail. Last, the paper completed work is summarized and possible continued scientific research is prospected.
引文
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[2] 邹智军，杨东援．道路交通仿真研究综述．交通运输工程学报．2001，1(2)．88-91．
[3] 邹智军．城市道路交通仿真研究．上海：同济大学博士论文[D]．2000．
[4] 邹智军．城市交通仿真实验系统的面向对象开发．系统仿真学报．Vol．14 No．7 2002．
[5] 陈炜，胡思继等．大规模城市交通仿真系统．系统仿真学报．Vol．13 No．6 2001．
[6] 毛保华，陈海波等．道路交通仿真技术与系统研究．北方交通大学学报．2002，26(5)．37-46．
[7] 钟邦秀，杨晓光．面向对象微观交通仿真系统的研究与实现．系统仿真学报．2002，14(4)．418-421．
[8] 杨冰等．智能运输系统中国铁道出版社 北京2000．
[9] 边馥苓主编．GIS地理信息系统原理和方法[M]．北京：测绘出版社，1996．7-8．
[10] 荆便顺编著．道路交通控制工程．北京：人民交通出版社．1995．
[11] 蒋熙，杨肇夏．城市交通综合仿真系统开放式仿真体系结构研究．计算机仿真研究．Vol．19 No．3 2002．5．
[12] 冯兴乐，丁岳伟．多交叉路口车流模拟软件的设计．上海理工大学学报．Vol．22No．4 2000．
[13] L.Montero. Combining Macroscopic and Microscopic Approaches for Transportation Planning and Design of Road Networks. 19th Conference of the Australian Road Research Board. Proceedings of the 19th ARRB Transport Research Conference. Sidney, 1998.
[14] 熊光楞等．先进仿真技术与仿真环境．国防工业出版社．
[15] Mark Brackstone, Mike McDonald. Car-following: A Historical Review. Transportation Research Part F 2 (1999) 181-196.
[16] Dirk Helbing, Ansgar Hennecke, Vladimir Shvetsov, Martin Treiber. Master: Macroscopic Traffic Simulation Based on a Gas-kinetic, Non-local Traffic Model. Transportation Research Part B 35 (2001) 183-211.
[17] Michiya Takahashi, Toshio Nakanishi, Isao Miyoshi, Tomokazu, Fujikura. An Evaluation of the Road Traffic Simulator PIMTRACS by PIM. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 59 (2002) 45-56.
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