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云南屏边大围山自然保护区藓类植物区系研究
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摘要
云南大围山自然保护区的地理状况—地理位置、地形、地貌、气候、水文、土壤和植被等提示此地区属多种区划交界的过渡地区,藓类植物种类丰富,区系特殊,但尚未有人做全面系统的研究。
     本文通过两次采集共1546份标本,通过室内鉴定研究隶属于36科129属323个种(包括种以下分类单位),发现中国新记录藓类5个种,云南新记录2个科,新记录种54种(隶属16科38属)。在海拔1800-1900m的水围城及其附近藓类种数最多。较进化的侧蒴藓类,特别是热带、亚热带分布的科属构成了优势科、属的主体。
     本文研究了大围山自然保护区藓类植物区系与邻近地区的关系。对九个地区进行了地理环境、气候及植被类型的比较;然后是物种丰富度对比;优势科对比;属、种的相似性对比和区系地理成分的对比。其中,区系地理成分的对比又包括:植物区系谱系,主成分分析(PCA)和聚类图分析;接着进行了具体地理成分的比较:热带成分、温带成分、东亚成分及东亚特有属的比较。还讨论了与中国台湾、日本以及热带亚洲的4个地区的关系。得出以下主要结论:
     1.大围山自然保护区的藓类植物区系主要特点为:种类丰富,特有性较高,东亚成分占主导地位,具热带亲缘性质。具体表现为:本区在9个相比较的地区中物种丰富度最高。中国特有种有44个,占总种数的13.62%,东亚特有属有8个,占总属数的6.2%。东亚成分(32.5%)最多,热带成分多(32.4%)而且复杂。其中东亚成分又以东亚广布成分和中日成分为主;热带成分中以热带亚洲成分居多(66.67%),温带成分较少(9.0%)。
     2.除去世界广布成分的属、种相似性系数分析表明:大围山自然保护区与九万山、鸡足山和大帽山相似程度高,发育生态环境相似,同具有热带—亚热带的过渡性质。各地区属与种的相似性系数反映的亲密程度基本一致,与各个地区的地理位置和气候、植被状况相一致。
     3.大围山自然保护区的藓类植物和日本的共有属(84.50%)、种(58.51%)及台湾共有属(91.47%)、种(57.28%)比例都非常高,支持藓类植物的“云南东南部—台湾—日本”迁移路线及孢粉传播路线。
     4.根据以上研究,形成对大围山自然保护区所处的各种过渡性区划界线的
    
    中文摘要
     再认识:
     l)属A介与As夺区的交接的过渡性地带,属于AsZ区。
     2)在岭南区和云贵区的交界上,更适合归于岭南区。
     3)位于泛北极植物区和古热带植物区之交,应属于泛北极植物区。
     上述所有这些都提示该区域是一个值得进一步深入研究的苔醉植物分布区。
     本文附有云南屏边大围山自然保护区醉类植物名录及相关参考资料了’0余
    篇,文内有图n张,表12个。
The geographical information of Daweishan Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province including position, topographty and physiognomy, climate, water features, soil and vegetation. It indicated that it was in a trasitional area with multi-delimitations. The mossflora was abundant and special. There's no comprehensive research conducted yet.
    A total of 323 moss species (including subspecies and varieties) in 36 families and 129 genera were found in Daweishan Nature Reserve after a careful examination and identification of 1546 moss specimen by two collections. Among them, 5 species were new to China and 2 families and 48 species (in 18 families and 32 genera) were new to Yunnan province. The highest number of moss species was around Shuiweicheng which has an elevation of 1800-1900m. The Pleudocarpous mosses, especially some tropiacal-subtropical distributed families and genera were dominant.
    In thesis, we studied the relationship of mossflora between Daweishan Nature Reserve and its adjacent areas. The comparisons of geography, climate and vegetation types of the nine areas were made. The species abundance, dominant families, similarity coefficient of genus and species and geographical elements were compared. The comparison items of geographical elements covered floristic spectrum and its Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method as well as its hierarchical cluster analysis. The specific geographical elements of mossflora were evaluated by comparing with that of tropical, temperate and East Asian elements in detail. Furthermore, we discussed the relationship between Daweishan Nature Reserve and Taiwan, Japan and 4 tropical Asian areas. Research results are as follows:
    1. The main characteristics of the mossflora of Daweishan Nature Reserve were plentiful species, high level of endemism, dominanting east Asian elements and tropical affinities. The Daweishan Nature Reserve had a highest species abundance with 44 species endemic to China (13.62%) and 8 genera endemic to East Asian (6.2%). East Asian elements (32.5%) were dominant, mostly including widely-distributed East Asian element and Sino-Japan element. Tropical elements, the major part of which was
    
    
    
    Tropical Asian element (66.67%), were abundant and complex (32.4%), whereas Temperate elements were declining (9.0%).
    2.Except for cosmopolitan, the similarity coefficient of both genera and species showed that Daweishan Nature Reserve had more similarity with Jiuwanshan Mountain, Jizushan Mountain and Tai Mao Shan due to the homologous circumstances for species development and a transitional climate belt where the tropical and subtropical elements meet. For each sites, the intimacy correlation reflected by the two coefficients was in a general accord and coincided with its geographical location, climate and vegetation type.
    3.Based on the above study, we reconsidered the borderlines of some transitional belt which Daweishan Nature Reserve lies in:
    (1) between As2 zone As4-zone, but is better put in As2 zone.
    (2) between Lingnan zone and Yungui zone, but is better put in Lingnan
    zone.
    (3) between Holarctic zone and Paleotropical zone, but is preferably
    belongs to Holarctic zone.
    All above indicate that this area is worth further exploring for its bryophytes. In adition, a moss checklist of Daweishan Nature Reserve, a list of cited literature, 11 figures and 12 charts are included.
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