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基于投影光栅相位法的三维物体表面轮廓测量系统的研究
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摘要
随着计算机技术和信号处理技术的不断发展,利用机器视觉检测技术进行物体三维表面轮廓形状的测量在各个领域的应用日益广泛。用于机器视觉检测技术的测量方法有多种,其中相位测量法以其测量精度高、速度快而成为最有前途的三维轮廓测量方法之一。本论文主要研究的就是投影光栅相位法测量系统,主要从理论和实际测量系统的建立等方面作了研究:
     分析了各种相位测量方法的数学模型,以及高度和相位之间的转换关系,并针对FTP工程测量方法及工程测量过程中遇到的问题进行了深入研究。
     研究了测量系统中摄像机拍摄图象的景深问题,建立了图象中离焦面区域的距离与所产生的相位误差之间的关系,从而提高了系统的测量精度。
     研制了由LCD投影仪、CCD摄像机、图象采集卡和工作台等组成的三维物体测量系统硬件装置,并用Visual C++6.0开发了测量系统软件;实现了系统调整、系统标定、图象处理及图象分析等功能的集成。
     通过实际测量验证了测量系统的可靠性。对系统误差和随机误差的产生进行分析,并提出了改进方案。
     为进一步完善相位法,提出了将小波变换用于FTP中。描述了小波变换的原理,并采用db4小波对所拍摄的图象进行处理,用以去除背景光的影响,以及指导变频投影光栅的选择和柔性自适应性光栅的构造。
With the development of computer and signal processing technology, the application of 3D object surface measurement plays an important role in many domain. There are many ways of 3D object surface measurement, but the phase measurement method is one of most promising methods because of its high precision and fastness of data acquisition. This dissertation studies the theories and application of phase measurement system.
    The mathematical model of each phase measurement method and the relationship between the phase and the height are analyzed. At the same time, the FTP theory and process of engineering measurement are studied.
    The depth of field of camera is studied and the relationship of the area out of focus in the image and the phase errors is presented to improve the precision of the measurement system,
    A measurement system that consists of LCD, CCD camera, and image card is designed. At the same time, a software system that integrates the function of system calibration, image processing and also image analyzing is developed with Visual C++ 6.0.
    The availability of the measurement system is proved by a lot of practical measurements. The system errors and the random errors are analyzed and the improvement scheme is proposed.
    To improve phase measurement method the wavelet transform is applied to FTP. The theory of wavelet transform is described. The image is processed with db4 wavelet to eliminate the light of background. It will also direct the choosing of multi-frequency grating and the construction of self-adaptive grating.
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