胶州湾具有抑菌活性海洋链霉菌的鉴定及应用探讨
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摘要
胶州湾是半封闭型的浅水港湾，蕴含丰富的微生物资源。过去几十年，对胶
州湾生态学研究积累了大量的资料，本文从海洋微生物活性物质开发应用的角度
对胶州湾海洋链霉菌进行了研究。
从青岛石老人海滨到李村河入海口采集泥样和水样，对其进行海洋链霉菌的
分离纯化，获得了 300 株纯化的海洋链霉菌。结合本实验室的工作，以抑菌圈大
于 8mm 为标准，其中能抑制大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas
areuginosa)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、八叠球菌(Sarcina sp.)、隐
球菌(Crytococcal meningitis)、白色念球菌(Candida albicans)、毛霉(Mucor miehei)、
链霉菌 Tu57（Streptomyces vividochromosenes）八株受试菌中至少一种的达 22%。
选择其中 7 株具有高抑菌活性的菌株进行生理生化以及 16S rRNA基因的鉴
定，结果表明，M046 和 M165 属于蓝色类群；M189 属于青色类群；M245 属于
白孢类群；M268 属于黄色类群，其它 2 株的聚类结果不明显，需要进一步的鉴
定。
海洋链霉菌 M259 能够产蓝色素，对其进行摇瓶发酵条件的优化，使其色价
达到 77.4。该蓝色素的色泽随 pH 的变化而变化，在 pH≤6.70 时呈红色，在 6.70
≤pH≤10.40 时呈蓝色，在 pH3 和 pH8 时最稳定；能溶于极性大的有机溶剂，
如甲醇、乙醇等，耐热性较好并且能耐受紫外线的照射；毒性实验结果表明此色
素无毒，LD50 为 9260 mg/kg体重，为其开发应用打下了基础。
海洋链霉菌 M259 对绿脓杆菌（Pseudomonas areuginosa）、隐球菌
（Crytococcal meningitis）有较强的抑菌活性。基于 16S rRNA 基因序列的聚类分
析和生理生化鉴定结果，M259 有可能是介于产蓝链霉菌（ Streptomyces
cyanogenus）和天蓝色链霉菌（Streptomyces ceolicolor）之间的一个变种，是否
是新种需要取得更多的证据支持。
More than 300 marine Streptomyces were isolated and pured by the way of
three-layers medium from the samples which were obtained from Jiaozhou Bay. The
strains which can inhibit at least one of eight sensitive microorganism including
Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas areuginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Sarcina sp.,
Crytococcal meningitis, Candida albicans, Mucor miehei and Streptomyces
vividochromosenes account for 22%.
The physiological characteristics and 16S rRNA of 7 strains which were of
highly antibacterial activity were studied. The results showed us that M046 and M165
belonged to Cyaneus group, M189 belonged to Glaucus group, M245 belonged to
Albosporus group, M268 belonged to Flavus group and another two need to make
more identification.
Streptomyces sp. M259 strain which can highly produce blue pigment was
studied. The blue pigment has no toxicity and is well dissolved in water or methanol.
The color of the pigment is red in the condition of pH≤6.70 and blue in the condition
of 6.70≤pH≤10.40.The sduty on this blue-pigment provided the key to look for
valuable microbial pigment.
Streptomyces sp. M259 was of strong anti-bacteria activity to Pseudomonas
areuginosa and Crytococcal meningitis. Phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA
sequences was constructed, which indicated that Strain M259 was a new mutant
between Streptomyces. cyanogenus and Streptomyces.ceolicolor .More evidences need
to be obtained to prove that it was a new species.
州湾生态学研究积累了大量的资料，本文从海洋微生物活性物质开发应用的角度
对胶州湾海洋链霉菌进行了研究。
从青岛石老人海滨到李村河入海口采集泥样和水样，对其进行海洋链霉菌的
分离纯化，获得了 300 株纯化的海洋链霉菌。结合本实验室的工作，以抑菌圈大
于 8mm 为标准，其中能抑制大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas
areuginosa)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、八叠球菌(Sarcina sp.)、隐
球菌(Crytococcal meningitis)、白色念球菌(Candida albicans)、毛霉(Mucor miehei)、
链霉菌 Tu57（Streptomyces vividochromosenes）八株受试菌中至少一种的达 22%。
选择其中 7 株具有高抑菌活性的菌株进行生理生化以及 16S rRNA基因的鉴
定，结果表明，M046 和 M165 属于蓝色类群；M189 属于青色类群；M245 属于
白孢类群；M268 属于黄色类群，其它 2 株的聚类结果不明显，需要进一步的鉴
定。
海洋链霉菌 M259 能够产蓝色素，对其进行摇瓶发酵条件的优化，使其色价
达到 77.4。该蓝色素的色泽随 pH 的变化而变化，在 pH≤6.70 时呈红色，在 6.70
≤pH≤10.40 时呈蓝色，在 pH3 和 pH8 时最稳定；能溶于极性大的有机溶剂，
如甲醇、乙醇等，耐热性较好并且能耐受紫外线的照射；毒性实验结果表明此色
素无毒，LD50 为 9260 mg/kg体重，为其开发应用打下了基础。
海洋链霉菌 M259 对绿脓杆菌（Pseudomonas areuginosa）、隐球菌
（Crytococcal meningitis）有较强的抑菌活性。基于 16S rRNA 基因序列的聚类分
析和生理生化鉴定结果，M259 有可能是介于产蓝链霉菌（ Streptomyces
cyanogenus）和天蓝色链霉菌（Streptomyces ceolicolor）之间的一个变种，是否
是新种需要取得更多的证据支持。
More than 300 marine Streptomyces were isolated and pured by the way of
three-layers medium from the samples which were obtained from Jiaozhou Bay. The
strains which can inhibit at least one of eight sensitive microorganism including
Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas areuginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Sarcina sp.,
Crytococcal meningitis, Candida albicans, Mucor miehei and Streptomyces
vividochromosenes account for 22%.
The physiological characteristics and 16S rRNA of 7 strains which were of
highly antibacterial activity were studied. The results showed us that M046 and M165
belonged to Cyaneus group, M189 belonged to Glaucus group, M245 belonged to
Albosporus group, M268 belonged to Flavus group and another two need to make
more identification.
Streptomyces sp. M259 strain which can highly produce blue pigment was
studied. The blue pigment has no toxicity and is well dissolved in water or methanol.
The color of the pigment is red in the condition of pH≤6.70 and blue in the condition
of 6.70≤pH≤10.40.The sduty on this blue-pigment provided the key to look for
valuable microbial pigment.
Streptomyces sp. M259 was of strong anti-bacteria activity to Pseudomonas
areuginosa and Crytococcal meningitis. Phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA
sequences was constructed, which indicated that Strain M259 was a new mutant
between Streptomyces. cyanogenus and Streptomyces.ceolicolor .More evidences need
to be obtained to prove that it was a new species.
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