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中药牛膝中甲基对硫磷的荧光光度法分析和微量元素的测定研究
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摘要
中药的生产质量管理规范即GAP(Good Agricultural Practice)研究是国家科技部十五重点科技攻关项目。牛膝属于四大怀药之一,是我国著名的道地药材。对于牛膝中有害成分例如农药残留和重金属等微量元素含量的测定及分析很少见报道。本论文主要对不同产地以及不同炮制方法的牛膝品种中的农药甲基对硫磷残留和铜、锌、铁、汞、砷等微量元素含量进行了系统研究,分析了由于产地、生长环境或加工方法的不同对其微量元素含量产生的影响,为牛膝中农药残留量的检测限量和重金属元素含量标准的制定方面提供有利的参考,这对于建立符合现代需求的中药牛膝的GAP是非常必要的,进而也为促进我国传统中药走向现代化和国际化做出了一定的贡献。
     本论文主要围绕着上述主题展开工作,具体包括:
     1.建立了一个新的应用钙黄绿素-氯化钯体系测定有机磷类农药甲基对硫磷残留的荧光光度法,对其实验条件进行优化,在选定的实验条件下,工作曲线在甲基对硫磷浓度为1.0×10~(-7)~1.2×10~(-6)mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数0.9969,检出限为5.0×10~(-8)mol/L,加标回收率为87.0~108.0%,相对标准偏差小于4.0%。
     2.选择甲基对硫磷这种使用广泛且毒性极高、危害较大的农药品种和铜、锌、铁三种重要的人体必需微量元素以及汞、砷两种常见有害重金属元素作为研究对象,针对不同产地、不同炮制方法的中药牛膝样品,分别采用上述新的方法测定了有机磷类农药甲基对硫磷的残留量;采用火焰原子吸收法测定微量元素铜、锌、铁的含量;采用原子荧光法测定重金属汞、砷的含量。对牛膝样品的各项测定结果进行了具体分析,总结得到一些结论。经酒制后的牛膝样品比相同产地的生品中甲基对硫磷的含量明显降低,不同产地的牛膝品种间各微量元素含量均有一定的差别,铜的含量在5~30μg/g之间,锌的含量在10~50μg/g之间,铁的含量在100~450μg/g之间,汞的含量一般在10~(-2)μg/g数量级,砷的含量一般在10~(-1)μg/g数量级。以参考标准来衡量,牛膝样品中几种微量元素的含量均在安全范围之内。本实验为中药牛膝的GAP研究中农药残留量的检测限量和重
    
    郑州大学硕士学位论文
    金属元素含量标准的制定方面提供丰富具体的数据信息,同时实验中的各种测定
    方法和对结果的分析总结也为其它中药品种的GAP研究提供了有益的参考。
     3.作者受沙隆达郑州农药有限公司委托与其合作开展了一个与农药有关的
    实际应用项目:20%咙虫胖可溶性液剂的配方组成研究。咤虫眯是一种新型的高
    效低毒的农药,尤其对常用的杀虫剂产生抗药性的害虫有特效。本论文考察了
    20%咤虫胖可溶性液剂的配方组成,得到了各项质量控制指标均合格的配方,而
    且比相关文献报道具有更好的与水互溶性(可达到稀释50倍),为陡虫眯农药新
    剂型产品的开发提供了帮助指导,具有较强的市场竞争力和开发前景。
It is well known that Chinese traditional medicine plays a great role in the prevention and cure of some disease and makes a strong impact on our health. Although much is known about its function, little is available on heavy metals and pesticides residues in Chinese traditional medicine. The purpose of this study to determine the content of heavy metals and the pesticides residues is of paramount importance to help in assessing the GAP(Good Agricultural Practice) of Chinese traditional medicine. The GAP research of four Huaiyao is a key item of the Tenth Five Years Program of the Ministry of Science & Technology. Achyranthes bidentata (AB) , one of the four Huaiyao, is a famous Chinese traditional medicine. In this paper, we study systemically on the content of heavy metals(Hg, As, Cu, Zn and Fe) and organophosphorus pesticide- methyl-parathion in Achyranthes bidentata of different habitats and different processing methods. The objective of the present study is not only to provide some reference to establis
    h the GAP of Achyranthes bidentata, but also to accelerate the modernization and internationalization of Chinese traditional medicine.
    The content of this paper is as follows:
    1. A new method by fluorimetry with calcein-Pd2+ was used to determinate organophosphorus pesticide- methyl-parathion. This method is optimized. The linear range is 1.0X107 -1.2 X 10-6mol/L and the detection limit is 5.0 X 10-8mol/L. Recovery is 87.0-108.0%, RSD < 4.0%.
    2. The levels of five heavy metals (Hg, As, Cu, Zn and Fe) and one representative organophosphorus pesticide - methyl-parathion have been measured by different methods in 11 different samples of Achyranthes bidentata (AB). A new method by fluorimetry with calcein-Pd2+was used to determinate organophosphorus pesticide- methyl-parathion. Heavy metals such as Hg, As were determined by HG-AFS(hydride generation-atomic fluorescence). Other metals(Cu, Fe, Zn) were determined by FAAS(flame atomic absorbtion spectrophotometry). To the samples
    
    
    
    collected from the same habitats, a rule could be found from the results that the levels of methyl-parathion in the samples mix-fried with wine decreased more or less, compared to the raw samples. The values of each individual heavy metal for the different samples were within the same order of magnitude, For the values of five heavy metal in the samples, the order of magnitude of Fe, which was the biggest, presented 102 ug/g, followed by Cu and Zn, both with the order of magnitude of 101 ug/g. Lower orders of magnitude were found for As and Hg, presented 10"1 and 10"2 ug/g, respectively.
    3. Acetamiprid is a new pesticide which has good function to the drug-fast pests. The formulation of the 20% Acetamiprid Soluble Concentrate is introduced. The best composition as well as specification for its quality control is described, especially it can be diluted with water of 50 times in volume. It has a good foreground on the market. This is a chemical project that we coorperate with ZhengZhou sanonda Co., Ltd.
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