配电网络重构的研究
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摘要
网络重构是配电系统运行和控制的重要手段，也是配电管理系统的重要组成部分。网络重构在理论上是一个复杂的多目标非线性组合优化问题。自上世纪80年代以来，人们对配电网络重构进行了广泛的研究，形成了比较成熟的网络重构的方法和理论，但各种方法都存在着缺点。遗传算法的全局搜索能力和在其它领域的应用证明，研究遗传算法进行网络重构应该是有巨大潜力的。这正是本论文研究的初衷。
论文阐述了国内外配电网络重构的方法。数学优化理论，从理论上保证得到全局最优解，但是在实际应用中，随着维数的增多将导致严重的“组合爆炸”问题。基于SA的算法可以获得全局最优解，但存在算法依赖参数和计算量大的缺点。基于ANN的算法不需进行潮流计算，可以在很短的时间内得出结果，但其精度取决于样本，而要获得完整的样本较困难，需要较长的时间来训练样本。模糊数学和专家系统必须依赖于其它技术的发展。最优流模式和基于支路的交换方法不能保证得到全局最优解，但与启发式规则结合后，可以在较短的时间得到结果。GA具有很多适于求解网络重构的特点，如果能结合配电网络的特点，提高收敛速度和收敛性，那么在网络重构中将会得到更好的应用。当一种方法不能很好地解决问题时，可以考虑将两种或几种方法加以综合，也许能得到比较满意的解决方案。因此，论文以遗传算法为基础和主要方法，引入模拟退火算子作为辅助手段进行网络重构的研究。
在对遗传算法和模拟退火算法进行研究的基础上，对遗传操作进行了部分改进：采用基于基本回路的编码方式，引入新的交叉方案，提出了一种新的变异操作方式，同时加入了倒位算子。对于新解的接受机制，引入模拟退火算法的Metropolis准则。通过数学算例证明了将遗传算法和模拟退火算法结合可以有效地解决配电网络重构问题。
在以上理论和算法研究的基础上，对配电网络故障恢复重构的理论也做了一些研究，同时对配电网络综合优化进行了初步的探讨。
Network reconfiguration is not only an important method in circulate and control of distribution system, but also an important part of distribution management system. In theory, network reconfiguration is a complex and many object combination optimization problem. From 1980s, people has extensively studied on network reconfiguration of distribution system. so many relatively mature methods and theories of network reconfiguration has formed and developed, but all methods have many shortcomings. The ability of global searching and extensive application in other scopes of genetic algorithm has proved that it is attracting goal for us to study how to apply genetic algorithm to network reconfiguration.
The thesis discussed the home and foreign methods of distribution network reconfiguration. In theory, the method of math optimization can assure the global optimization result, but in fact it will result in the combination blast when the dimension increases. The method on the base of simulated annealing can get the global optimization result, but it has shortcoming that it depends on the parameter and calculation is large. The method on the base of artificial neural network can get the result in the shortest time and does not calculate the flow, but the precision depends on the stylebook, it is difficult that gets the full stylebook and it needs train the stylebook with the long time. The fuzzy math and the expert system depends on the development of the other technology. Optimal flow pattern and branch changing cannot assure the global optimization result, but it can get the result in short time if it combines with the elicitation method. Genetic algorithm has many speciality in network reconfiguration, it
will get more applications in network reconfiguration if it can combine with the distribution system peculiarity and improve the convergent speed and astringency. When only one method cannot settle the problems well, it is considered that combines with two or more methods, maybe there will be a satisfied result. So the thesis applies the genetic algorithm as a foundation and a main method, then introduced the thought of simulated annealing as an assistant method on the research of the network reconfiguration.
On the base of the research of genetic algorithm and simulated annealing, the thesis improves the method of genetic operation: adopts encoding mode based on basic loop, introduces one new crossover mode, puts forward one new mutation mode, at the same time adds into inversion operator. For acceptance mechanism of new answer, introduces Metropolis rule of simulated annealing. Proves the mixed genetic annealing algorithm ability of solving the problem of distribution reconfiguration.
On the base of research of theory and algorithm, the thesis researches theory of sen, ice restoration reconfiguration in distribution network, and discusses integrated optimization of distribution network elementarily.
论文阐述了国内外配电网络重构的方法。数学优化理论，从理论上保证得到全局最优解，但是在实际应用中，随着维数的增多将导致严重的“组合爆炸”问题。基于SA的算法可以获得全局最优解，但存在算法依赖参数和计算量大的缺点。基于ANN的算法不需进行潮流计算，可以在很短的时间内得出结果，但其精度取决于样本，而要获得完整的样本较困难，需要较长的时间来训练样本。模糊数学和专家系统必须依赖于其它技术的发展。最优流模式和基于支路的交换方法不能保证得到全局最优解，但与启发式规则结合后，可以在较短的时间得到结果。GA具有很多适于求解网络重构的特点，如果能结合配电网络的特点，提高收敛速度和收敛性，那么在网络重构中将会得到更好的应用。当一种方法不能很好地解决问题时，可以考虑将两种或几种方法加以综合，也许能得到比较满意的解决方案。因此，论文以遗传算法为基础和主要方法，引入模拟退火算子作为辅助手段进行网络重构的研究。
在对遗传算法和模拟退火算法进行研究的基础上，对遗传操作进行了部分改进：采用基于基本回路的编码方式，引入新的交叉方案，提出了一种新的变异操作方式，同时加入了倒位算子。对于新解的接受机制，引入模拟退火算法的Metropolis准则。通过数学算例证明了将遗传算法和模拟退火算法结合可以有效地解决配电网络重构问题。
在以上理论和算法研究的基础上，对配电网络故障恢复重构的理论也做了一些研究，同时对配电网络综合优化进行了初步的探讨。
Network reconfiguration is not only an important method in circulate and control of distribution system, but also an important part of distribution management system. In theory, network reconfiguration is a complex and many object combination optimization problem. From 1980s, people has extensively studied on network reconfiguration of distribution system. so many relatively mature methods and theories of network reconfiguration has formed and developed, but all methods have many shortcomings. The ability of global searching and extensive application in other scopes of genetic algorithm has proved that it is attracting goal for us to study how to apply genetic algorithm to network reconfiguration.
The thesis discussed the home and foreign methods of distribution network reconfiguration. In theory, the method of math optimization can assure the global optimization result, but in fact it will result in the combination blast when the dimension increases. The method on the base of simulated annealing can get the global optimization result, but it has shortcoming that it depends on the parameter and calculation is large. The method on the base of artificial neural network can get the result in the shortest time and does not calculate the flow, but the precision depends on the stylebook, it is difficult that gets the full stylebook and it needs train the stylebook with the long time. The fuzzy math and the expert system depends on the development of the other technology. Optimal flow pattern and branch changing cannot assure the global optimization result, but it can get the result in short time if it combines with the elicitation method. Genetic algorithm has many speciality in network reconfiguration, it
will get more applications in network reconfiguration if it can combine with the distribution system peculiarity and improve the convergent speed and astringency. When only one method cannot settle the problems well, it is considered that combines with two or more methods, maybe there will be a satisfied result. So the thesis applies the genetic algorithm as a foundation and a main method, then introduced the thought of simulated annealing as an assistant method on the research of the network reconfiguration.
On the base of the research of genetic algorithm and simulated annealing, the thesis improves the method of genetic operation: adopts encoding mode based on basic loop, introduces one new crossover mode, puts forward one new mutation mode, at the same time adds into inversion operator. For acceptance mechanism of new answer, introduces Metropolis rule of simulated annealing. Proves the mixed genetic annealing algorithm ability of solving the problem of distribution reconfiguration.
On the base of research of theory and algorithm, the thesis researches theory of sen, ice restoration reconfiguration in distribution network, and discusses integrated optimization of distribution network elementarily.
引文
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[3] Vesna Borozan, Rajicic Dragoslav. Improved Method for Loss Minimization in Distribution Networks. IEEE Trans on Power Systems. 1995, 10(3):1420-1425
[4] Shirmohammadi D, Hong HW. Reconfiguration of electric distribution Hetworks for resistive line losses reduction. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery. 1989, Vol. 4,No. 2:pp 1492-1498
[5] Goswami S K, Basu S K,A new algorithm for the reconfiguration of distribution feeders for loss minimization. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery. 1992:Vol. 7, No 3
[6] 邓佑满，张伯明，相念德．配电网络重构的改进最优流模式算法．电网技术．1995，19(7)：47-50
[7] Civanlar, S.Et. al. Distribution feeder reconfiguration for loss reduction, IEEE Trans on Power Delivery. 1988, Vol.3, No. 3:pp 1217-1223
[8] S. Civanlar, J. J. Grainger, et al. Distribution Feeder Reconfiguration Algorithm for Loss Reduction of Distribution Systems. EPSR. 199.,19:137-144
[9] M.A. Kashem, G.B.Jasmon, V. Ganapathy. A New approach of distribution system resconfiguration for loss minimization. Electrical Power and Energy System, 22(2000):269-276
[10] 李华东，韩学山，付余民，张维国．配电网重构的快速估计方法．全国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第十四届学术年会论文集(1998)，pp 447-452
[11] Cassal W R. Distribution management system function and pakback. IEEE Transaction on PWRS, 1993, 8 (3): 796-801
[12] Chiang Hsiao Dong, Rene Jean Jumeau. Optimal network reconfiguration in distribution system. Part Ⅰ: A new formulations and solution methodology. IEEE Transaction on PWRD, 1990, 5 (4): 1902-1909
[13] Kim Hoyong, Ko Yunseoko. Artificial neural network based feeder reconfiguration for loss reduction in distribution systems. IEEE TPD, 1993, 8 (3): 1356-1366
[14] Chiang Hsiao Dong, Rene Jean Jumeau. Optimal network reconfiguration in distribution system. Part Ⅰ: A new formulations and solution methodology. IEEE Transaction on PWRD,
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