高等级公路路堑边坡动态优化设计及综合防护系统研究
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摘要
随着我国高等级公路建设的迅猛发展，公路边坡的加固与防护也日益显得重要，特别是路堑边坡，对交通畅通和人民的生命财产影响比较大，同时对周围环境、水土流失、生态保护等有重要的作用和影响，而我国公路部门对高等级公路边坡设计和防护还没有形成一套成熟的、合理的公路边坡设计与防护规范，因此建立公路路堑边坡综合防护系统己迫在眉睫。本文结合郴州高等级公路建设有限公司与湖南大学土木工程学院合作项目“高等级公路路堑边坡实用防护方法研究”为依托，对高等级公路路堑边坡的设计和实用防护方法开展了相关的研究。
本文首先分析和总结了国内外高等级公路路堑边坡设计和防护的相关成果，探讨了大量的边坡稳定性分析、计算方法及各种防护方法，为路堑边坡综合防护系统提供依据；通过试验研究分别对土质、岩土质边坡坡体的力学参数提出了量化的数学模型，并得到抗剪强度与含水量、干密度的关系及稳定系数与坡高、坡比等的关系；用解析法确定最危险滑动面验算各种类型边坡的稳定性；提出公路路堑边坡应该采用动态防护设计，建立防护工程CAD的智能专家系统；公路路堑边坡还要注重环保和具有一定的观赏性，以及各区域的地质、气候、物种、人文等的差异性，本文提出设计生态景观公路路堑边坡的综合防护系统，并提出了湖南省高等级公路路堑边坡综合防护区划推荐方案；根据研究成果应用于郴州市桂阳-嘉禾二级新建公路路堑边坡，取得了良好的效果。
With the rapid development of the classified highway constructions,the consolidation and protection of highway side slope are dayly important,especially cut slope,it greatly influences to traffic and people's life and property,at the same time to aroud conditions,water and soil flowage and ecological protection,but there are without a ripe or reasonable rule about highway side slope design and protection in our country,so it is critical to set up a synthetic prevention system of highway cut slope.In this paper ,connectly discussed and studied were the design and actual protection of classified highway cut slope based on the joint research project,Research on Actual Protection of Classified Highway Cut Slope.
The paper first analyzed and syntheticed the corresponding results in design and protection of classified highway cut slope ,discussed a great many ways about stability analysis calculate and prevention,it provided basis for the cut slope integrated prevention system.By tests and reasearches on mechanical parameters of soil and soil-rocky side slopes,the paper provided numerical model,the relation of resisting cutting strength and water content or dry unit weight,stability factor or grade of side slope.The paper get the most dange slip plane by analytical method to check the stability of verious slope.Also the paper proposed dynamic optimal design to highway cut slope as intellgent expert system of protection engineering CAD.It shoud be paied attention to environmental conservation, plant, culture and so on, therefore integrated prevention system of highway cut slope with Ecological landscape highway should be adopted,and the recommend plan of Hunan was proposed too. According to the reasearches, good effect was received on the new high-type highway cut slope in chenzhou Guiyang-Jiahe.
本文首先分析和总结了国内外高等级公路路堑边坡设计和防护的相关成果，探讨了大量的边坡稳定性分析、计算方法及各种防护方法，为路堑边坡综合防护系统提供依据；通过试验研究分别对土质、岩土质边坡坡体的力学参数提出了量化的数学模型，并得到抗剪强度与含水量、干密度的关系及稳定系数与坡高、坡比等的关系；用解析法确定最危险滑动面验算各种类型边坡的稳定性；提出公路路堑边坡应该采用动态防护设计，建立防护工程CAD的智能专家系统；公路路堑边坡还要注重环保和具有一定的观赏性，以及各区域的地质、气候、物种、人文等的差异性，本文提出设计生态景观公路路堑边坡的综合防护系统，并提出了湖南省高等级公路路堑边坡综合防护区划推荐方案；根据研究成果应用于郴州市桂阳-嘉禾二级新建公路路堑边坡，取得了良好的效果。
With the rapid development of the classified highway constructions,the consolidation and protection of highway side slope are dayly important,especially cut slope,it greatly influences to traffic and people's life and property,at the same time to aroud conditions,water and soil flowage and ecological protection,but there are without a ripe or reasonable rule about highway side slope design and protection in our country,so it is critical to set up a synthetic prevention system of highway cut slope.In this paper ,connectly discussed and studied were the design and actual protection of classified highway cut slope based on the joint research project,Research on Actual Protection of Classified Highway Cut Slope.
The paper first analyzed and syntheticed the corresponding results in design and protection of classified highway cut slope ,discussed a great many ways about stability analysis calculate and prevention,it provided basis for the cut slope integrated prevention system.By tests and reasearches on mechanical parameters of soil and soil-rocky side slopes,the paper provided numerical model,the relation of resisting cutting strength and water content or dry unit weight,stability factor or grade of side slope.The paper get the most dange slip plane by analytical method to check the stability of verious slope.Also the paper proposed dynamic optimal design to highway cut slope as intellgent expert system of protection engineering CAD.It shoud be paied attention to environmental conservation, plant, culture and so on, therefore integrated prevention system of highway cut slope with Ecological landscape highway should be adopted,and the recommend plan of Hunan was proposed too. According to the reasearches, good effect was received on the new high-type highway cut slope in chenzhou Guiyang-Jiahe.
引文
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[2] 崔政权，李宁．边坡工程-理论与实践最新发展．北京：中国水利水电出版社，1999，56-59
[3] 朱维申，张玉军．三峡船闸高边坡节理岩体稳定分析及加固方案初步研究．岩石力学与工程学报．1996．15(4)：305-311
[4] 滑坡文集编委会．滑坡文集．第十三集，北京：中国铁道出版社，1998，86-88
[5] 公路路基施工技术规范(JTE033-95)．北京：人民交通出版社，1995，23-24
[6] 公路土工试验规程(JTJ051-93)．北京：人民交通出版社，1993，15-17
[7] 公路路基设计规范(JTJ013-95)．北京：人民交通出版社，1995，46-48
[8] 杨航宇、颜志平、朱赞凌等编著．公路边坡防护与治理。人民交通出版社，2002．10，28-32
[9] 公路设计手册．路基(第二版)．北京：人民交通出版社，1996，97-99
[10] 张廷楷等编著．道路路线设计．同济大学出版社，1990，49-51
[11] 李斌主编．公路工程地质．人民交通出版社，2001，145-147
[12] 周思孟主编．复杂岩体若干岩石力学问题．中国水利水电出版社．1998，89-91
[13] 湖南省水利水电勘测设计院编．边坡工程地质．北京：中国水利水电出版社，1996，98-101
[14] 沈明荣主编．岩体力学．上海：同济大学出版社，1999，74-76
[15] GB50218-94，工程岩体分级标准[s]，1994，15-17
[16] 孙广忠，姚宝魁．中国滑坡地质灾害及其研究[A]．中国典型滑坡[C]．北京：科学出版社，1998，114-118
[17] A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets Published by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Washington, u. s. 1984,146-148
[18] 李旭光，毛文碧，徐福有．日本的公路边坡绿化与防护-1994年赴日本考察报告．公路交通科技，12(2)：59-65
[19] 王重琦、孙广忠、刘双光等．岩土工程测试技术．中国建筑工业出版社，1986．2
[20] 林韵梅．实验岩石力学-模拟研究．北京煤矿工业出版社，1983，68-70
[21] 郭志．岩石力学参数预报．第三次全国岩石力学学术大会论文集．北京：中国科
学技术出版社，1994，132-135
[22] R. E. Coodman. Introduction to Rock mechanics: Second Edition NewYork, 1989, publish in Ganada, 145-148
[23] Gerrand C. M. Equivalent Elastic Modul of A Rock Mass consisting of orthorhoblic Layers, In T. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci&Abstr, 1982, 19(1): 9-14
[24] I. L. Limetal. A numerical model for simulation of fracture propagation in rock. Application of computer methods in Rock Mechamics, 1982, 24-25
[25] 陶振宇、潘别桐．岩石力学原理与方法．武汉中国地质出版社，1991，74-75
[26] P. A. Cundall. Element Methods of Rock and solid structure. E. T. Browned. Analytical&Computational Method sin Engineering Rock Mechanics, 1987, 129-163
[27] HeliotD. Generating a Block Rock Mass. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci&Geomech. Abstr. 1988. 25(3): 127-139
[28] 汤康民．岩土工程．武汉：武汉工业大学出版社，2001，46-48
[29] 施鸿宝．神经网络及其应用．西安：西安交通大学出版社．1993，32-35
[30] Xia-Ting Feng, S. Webber and M. U. ozbay, Neyral network modeling on assessing rockburst risks for south African deep gold mines, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 1998,(2), 1-7
[31] Xia-Ting Feng, Rockburst prediction based on neural network, Trans. Nonferrous. Met. Soc. China, 1994, 4(1), 9-14
[32] Xia-Ting Feng,A neural network approach to comprehensive classification of rock stability, blastability and drillability, International Joural of surface Mining, Redamation and Environment, 1995, 9(2), 57-62
[33] Spencer E. A method of analysis of the stability of embankments assuming parallel inter-slice forces. Geotechnique, 1967, 17(1): 11-26
[34] Goldberg D E. Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning, Addision-Wesley, Reading, Mass 1989,38-40
[35] 孙广忠。岩体力学直剪试验中若干问题，《岩体工程地质力学问题》(四)，科学出版社，1981，77-79
[36] 高大钊，袁聚云．土质学与土力学．人民交通出版社，2001，58-60
[37] 包惠明，胡长顺．基于ANN下的岩质路堑深边坡稳定性评价．交通运输工程学报[J] 2002，2(3)：52-56
[38] 张乃尧，阎平凡．神经网络与模糊控制．清华大学出版社，2000，26-28
[39] Special Issue on Application of Neural Networks. Proc. IEEE, 1996,84(10)
[40] Bieniawski. Design Methodology in rockEngineering: Theory, Education and Practice. A. A. Balkema, 1992,14-18
[41] 徐卫亚，王思敬．三峡工程永久船闸高边坡快速施工超前地质预报及反馈设计若干问题．工程地质学报，1993，3(4)：27-33．
[42] 陈胜宏．高坝复杂岩地基及岩石高边坡稳定分析，北京：中国水利水电出版社，2001，54-56
[43] 郝生跃，张清田盛丰等．专家系统在结构性岩质边坡稳定性分析中的应用研究．中国公路学报，1995(2)：9-13
[44] Zadeh L A The Role of Fuzzy Logie in the Management of Uncertertainty in Expert Systeems. Fuzzy Sets and Systems Ⅱ. 1983:199-277
[45] Xia-Ting Feng, S. Webber, M. U. Ozbay and Wang Yongjia, Anexpert System on assessing rockburst risks for south African deep gold mines, Journal of coal science&Engineering(china), 1996,(2): 23-32
[46] Xia-Ting Feng and Yunmei lin, A knowledge-based intelligent system for support design of solping excavations, 29th International Geological Congress, Japan, 1992, 187-189
[47] 金学智．中国园林美学．中国建筑工业出版社，1998，125-126
[48] 傅横生，卢升銮，谢为民等．香根草生物工程技术在公路边坡防护的前景与技术要点．华东公路，2000．(3)．62-64
[49] 王海军，赵国法、陆昌龙等．高强度土工格珊在道路边坡防护中的应用。西部探矿工程．2001．(2)106-107
[50] 阮道红．三维植被网垫在边坡防护工程中的应用．交通科技，2000．(2)：14-15
[51] Robbin B. Sotir, John T. Difini, Andrew F. Mockown. Soil bioengineering/biotechnical Stabilization of a slope failure [Z]. 6th International Conference on geosynthetics,1984,47-49
[52] 李旭光，毛文碧，徐福有．日本的公路边坡绿化防护．公路交通科技，1995，12(2)：59-64
[53] 舒翔，杜鹃，草映泓，廖晓谨．生态工程在高速公路岩石边坡防护工程中的应用．公路，2001，(7)：86-89
[54] 金钟．喷砼植草技术在惠河高速公路边坡防护中的试验应用．公路，2001，(2)：18-19
[55] 邹胜文，饶黄棠，江玉林等．高等级公路边坡生物防护方式浅析．公路，2000，(4)：50-52
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59-61
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[2] 崔政权，李宁．边坡工程-理论与实践最新发展．北京：中国水利水电出版社，1999，56-59
[3] 朱维申，张玉军．三峡船闸高边坡节理岩体稳定分析及加固方案初步研究．岩石力学与工程学报．1996．15(4)：305-311
[4] 滑坡文集编委会．滑坡文集．第十三集，北京：中国铁道出版社，1998，86-88
[5] 公路路基施工技术规范(JTE033-95)．北京：人民交通出版社，1995，23-24
[6] 公路土工试验规程(JTJ051-93)．北京：人民交通出版社，1993，15-17
[7] 公路路基设计规范(JTJ013-95)．北京：人民交通出版社，1995，46-48
[8] 杨航宇、颜志平、朱赞凌等编著．公路边坡防护与治理。人民交通出版社，2002．10，28-32
[9] 公路设计手册．路基(第二版)．北京：人民交通出版社，1996，97-99
[10] 张廷楷等编著．道路路线设计．同济大学出版社，1990，49-51
[11] 李斌主编．公路工程地质．人民交通出版社，2001，145-147
[12] 周思孟主编．复杂岩体若干岩石力学问题．中国水利水电出版社．1998，89-91
[13] 湖南省水利水电勘测设计院编．边坡工程地质．北京：中国水利水电出版社，1996，98-101
[14] 沈明荣主编．岩体力学．上海：同济大学出版社，1999，74-76
[15] GB50218-94，工程岩体分级标准[s]，1994，15-17
[16] 孙广忠，姚宝魁．中国滑坡地质灾害及其研究[A]．中国典型滑坡[C]．北京：科学出版社，1998，114-118
[17] A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets Published by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Washington, u. s. 1984,146-148
[18] 李旭光，毛文碧，徐福有．日本的公路边坡绿化与防护-1994年赴日本考察报告．公路交通科技，12(2)：59-65
[19] 王重琦、孙广忠、刘双光等．岩土工程测试技术．中国建筑工业出版社，1986．2
[20] 林韵梅．实验岩石力学-模拟研究．北京煤矿工业出版社，1983，68-70
[21] 郭志．岩石力学参数预报．第三次全国岩石力学学术大会论文集．北京：中国科
学技术出版社，1994，132-135
[22] R. E. Coodman. Introduction to Rock mechanics: Second Edition NewYork, 1989, publish in Ganada, 145-148
[23] Gerrand C. M. Equivalent Elastic Modul of A Rock Mass consisting of orthorhoblic Layers, In T. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci&Abstr, 1982, 19(1): 9-14
[24] I. L. Limetal. A numerical model for simulation of fracture propagation in rock. Application of computer methods in Rock Mechamics, 1982, 24-25
[25] 陶振宇、潘别桐．岩石力学原理与方法．武汉中国地质出版社，1991，74-75
[26] P. A. Cundall. Element Methods of Rock and solid structure. E. T. Browned. Analytical&Computational Method sin Engineering Rock Mechanics, 1987, 129-163
[27] HeliotD. Generating a Block Rock Mass. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci&Geomech. Abstr. 1988. 25(3): 127-139
[28] 汤康民．岩土工程．武汉：武汉工业大学出版社，2001，46-48
[29] 施鸿宝．神经网络及其应用．西安：西安交通大学出版社．1993，32-35
[30] Xia-Ting Feng, S. Webber and M. U. ozbay, Neyral network modeling on assessing rockburst risks for south African deep gold mines, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 1998,(2), 1-7
[31] Xia-Ting Feng, Rockburst prediction based on neural network, Trans. Nonferrous. Met. Soc. China, 1994, 4(1), 9-14
[32] Xia-Ting Feng,A neural network approach to comprehensive classification of rock stability, blastability and drillability, International Joural of surface Mining, Redamation and Environment, 1995, 9(2), 57-62
[33] Spencer E. A method of analysis of the stability of embankments assuming parallel inter-slice forces. Geotechnique, 1967, 17(1): 11-26
[34] Goldberg D E. Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning, Addision-Wesley, Reading, Mass 1989,38-40
[35] 孙广忠。岩体力学直剪试验中若干问题，《岩体工程地质力学问题》(四)，科学出版社，1981，77-79
[36] 高大钊，袁聚云．土质学与土力学．人民交通出版社，2001，58-60
[37] 包惠明，胡长顺．基于ANN下的岩质路堑深边坡稳定性评价．交通运输工程学报[J] 2002，2(3)：52-56
[38] 张乃尧，阎平凡．神经网络与模糊控制．清华大学出版社，2000，26-28
[39] Special Issue on Application of Neural Networks. Proc. IEEE, 1996,84(10)
[40] Bieniawski. Design Methodology in rockEngineering: Theory, Education and Practice. A. A. Balkema, 1992,14-18
[41] 徐卫亚，王思敬．三峡工程永久船闸高边坡快速施工超前地质预报及反馈设计若干问题．工程地质学报，1993，3(4)：27-33．
[42] 陈胜宏．高坝复杂岩地基及岩石高边坡稳定分析，北京：中国水利水电出版社，2001，54-56
[43] 郝生跃，张清田盛丰等．专家系统在结构性岩质边坡稳定性分析中的应用研究．中国公路学报，1995(2)：9-13
[44] Zadeh L A The Role of Fuzzy Logie in the Management of Uncertertainty in Expert Systeems. Fuzzy Sets and Systems Ⅱ. 1983:199-277
[45] Xia-Ting Feng, S. Webber, M. U. Ozbay and Wang Yongjia, Anexpert System on assessing rockburst risks for south African deep gold mines, Journal of coal science&Engineering(china), 1996,(2): 23-32
[46] Xia-Ting Feng and Yunmei lin, A knowledge-based intelligent system for support design of solping excavations, 29th International Geological Congress, Japan, 1992, 187-189
[47] 金学智．中国园林美学．中国建筑工业出版社，1998，125-126
[48] 傅横生，卢升銮，谢为民等．香根草生物工程技术在公路边坡防护的前景与技术要点．华东公路，2000．(3)．62-64
[49] 王海军，赵国法、陆昌龙等．高强度土工格珊在道路边坡防护中的应用。西部探矿工程．2001．(2)106-107
[50] 阮道红．三维植被网垫在边坡防护工程中的应用．交通科技，2000．(2)：14-15
[51] Robbin B. Sotir, John T. Difini, Andrew F. Mockown. Soil bioengineering/biotechnical Stabilization of a slope failure [Z]. 6th International Conference on geosynthetics,1984,47-49
[52] 李旭光，毛文碧，徐福有．日本的公路边坡绿化防护．公路交通科技，1995，12(2)：59-64
[53] 舒翔，杜鹃，草映泓，廖晓谨．生态工程在高速公路岩石边坡防护工程中的应用．公路，2001，(7)：86-89
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