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高中化学教学中学生反思与评价能力培养的研究
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摘要
本文是一篇研究化学教学中学生反思与评价能力培养的论文。文中阐述了在建构主义心理学、科学探究学习理论指导下的高中化学教学中如何培养学生的反思与评价能力。
    论文首先论述了反思与评价能力在科学探究中的核心地位,进一步阐述了反思与评价能力是学生学习能力的核心,是学生人格的重要组成部分。
    为研究如何在化学教学中培养学生反思与评价能力,本文从认知心理学对知识的分类角度分析了反思与评价能力的心理学本质;从高中生思维发展特点和个性发展特点的角度阐述了在高中阶段培养学生反思与评价能力的现实基础。
    结合学科教学的特点,对反思与评价能力进行分类,使之适合于高中化学教学的实际需要。进而从师生关系、知识观念、学习材料的内容和呈现方式、信息反馈的维度和质量以及思维规律和技能的掌握等几个方面对影响反思与评价能力培养的因素进行了分析。
    结合教学实践,从多个方面探讨了反思与评价能力培养的策略。展示与讨论反思与评价活动,使学生体验到反思与评价能力在认知活动中的存在和作用;通过调查问卷,使学生清楚自己的反思与评价能力的水平和明确要努力的方向;通过有形的外在操作性技术——自我提问,训练学生在日常学习中不断进行自我反思与评价;通过改变习题结构设置不断训练和改善学生应用反思与评价的能力;通过互联网进行的网络学习,创造一个让学生有充分的时间和空间,自信地进行独立思考,并无畏地发表自己反思后产生的问题和看法的环境。
    本文的研究及结论是结合有限的教学实践得出的,更由于时间的仓促和理论素养的浅薄,所提出的一些观点还有待教育理论专家的指正和进一步教学实践的检验。
This article is a research of the reflection and the appraisal ability in the middle-school chemistry teaching . It elaborated how to raises student's reflection and the appraisal ability by the principle of constructivisim psychology, the science inquiry theory in the high school chemistry teaching The paper first elaborated the reflection and the appraisal ability in the science inquiry into the core status, further elaborated reflection and the appraisal ability are the student learning capability core, is the student personality important constituent. How in order to study raises student reflection and the appraisal ability in chemistry teaching, this article has analyzed psychological essence of reflection and the appraisal ability from the cognition psychology to the knowledge classified angle; Elaborated from the thought development characteristic and the individuality development characteristic angle raises student reflection and the appraisal ability realistic foundation in the high school stage. The union discipline teaching characteristic, carries on the classification to reflection and the appraisal ability, causes it to suit to the high school chemistry teaching actual need. Then from the teachers and students relations, the knowledge idea, the study material content and presented the way, the information feedback dimension and the quality as well as the thought rule and the skill grasps and so on several aspects to carry on the analysis. The union teaching practice, has discussed the reflection and the appraisal ability raise strategy from many aspects. The demonstration and the discussion about the activity, causes the student to experience the existence and the function of reflection and the appraisal ability in the cognition activity ; Through adjusting the questioning volume, causes the student know own reflection and the appraisal ability level and is clear about the diligent direction; Through the visible external operational technical self- inquiry, trains the student unceasingly to carry on self- reflection and the appraisal in the daily study; Unceasingly trains and improves the ability through the change exercise structure establishment which the student applies he reflection and the appraisal ability; Network study carries on which through the Internet, creates to let the student have the full time and the space, self-confidently carries on the independent thinking after and fearlessly publishes the question and the view . This conclusion obtained in the article is based on limited teaching practice .It waits for education theory expert's pointing out mistakes with further the teaching practice examination.
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