数控机床ICAID系统中设计知识的研究
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摘要
论文作为“十五”国家科技攻关项目“基于设计知识和用户知识的网络化数控机床造型设计与人性化界面技术及运用研究”的一部分，主要讨论了数控机床造型设计的设计知识，并结合ICAID系统中的案例来构建ICAID系统中的设计知识子系统。
论文首先在对基于知识的CAD及CAID的分析基础上，对其课题来源及其发展方向作了一定的论述。并对基于知识的ICAID的概念进行了相应的研究。
然后通过对知识、知识系统的相关理论研究，包括知识的分类以及知识系统定义的阐述，对ICAID系统中设计知识的概念及其研究内容进行了分析，并从审美心理的角度对设计知识的表达方式进行了论述。
重点通过对基础造型以及数控机床造型原理的分析，结合研究过程中相关数控机床造型设计的分析，总结整理出关于数控机床造型设计规律性的设计知识。创造性地提出了数控机床造型设计的造型单元连接方式和造型单元处理方法。
论文的另一个重要部分是通过实验的方法来获取数控机床的造型设计知识。通过引入多个实验，获取ICAID系统中数控机床造型的不同方面的设计知识，进而获得ICAID系统中相对完整的设计知识。此外研究过程中将计算机领域的相关技术引入到ICAID系统也是论文的另一个重点。通过采用Metadata技术，从而使ICAID系统中的设计知识得到完整的表达。
最后是通过对各个部分设计知识案例以及设计知识子系统案例的分析，来阐述设计知识在ICAID系统中的应用。从而使整个ICAID系统的设计知识和设计知识子系统得到了完整的表述。
As a study of the state's "Tenth Five-year" National Science and Technology Project "Research on Internet-based NC (numeric control) Machine Tools From Design and Humanized Interface Technologies and Implementations Based on the Design Knowledge and User Knowledge", this paper mainly introduced the design knowledge about form design of NC machine tools, and combined with some cases in the ICAID system to establish the design knowledge subsystem in the ICAID system.
This paper was founded on the analysis of the CAD and CAID which based on the knowledge at first, and given some discussion about the origin and the research direction of this task. The conception of ICAID based on knowledge was also brought forward.
By expounding on the correlative theory research about knowledge and knowledge system including the sorts of knowledge and the definition of the knowledge system, the conception and research content of the design knowledge in the ICAID system are given out. At the same time this paper discusses the expression manner of design knowledge at the view of aesthetic psychology.
First the paper analyzed the principles of basic and NC machine tools form. Then the correlative form design of NC machine tools in the process of research was also analyzed. Based on these analyses, some well-regulated design knowledge about the form design of NC machine tools was drawn out. Namely the form unit connective way and disposal means were creatively put forward, which is one of the key points in the paper.
Another keystone of this paper is to capture the form design knowledge by using experimental methods. Through importing several experiments, this paper aimed to capture different design knowledge about NC machine tools design and comparatively integrative design knowledge of ICAID system. Introducing some correlative technologies in the computer science field to the ICAID system is also another key content. Through using the Metadata, design knowledge in the ICAID system is
expressed perfectly.
This paper has set forth the application of design knowledge in the ICAID system by analyzing the cases of design knowledge and design knowledge subsystem at last. Therefore the design knowledge and design knowledge subsystem of the whole ICAID system has been expressed integrality.
论文首先在对基于知识的CAD及CAID的分析基础上，对其课题来源及其发展方向作了一定的论述。并对基于知识的ICAID的概念进行了相应的研究。
然后通过对知识、知识系统的相关理论研究，包括知识的分类以及知识系统定义的阐述，对ICAID系统中设计知识的概念及其研究内容进行了分析，并从审美心理的角度对设计知识的表达方式进行了论述。
重点通过对基础造型以及数控机床造型原理的分析，结合研究过程中相关数控机床造型设计的分析，总结整理出关于数控机床造型设计规律性的设计知识。创造性地提出了数控机床造型设计的造型单元连接方式和造型单元处理方法。
论文的另一个重要部分是通过实验的方法来获取数控机床的造型设计知识。通过引入多个实验，获取ICAID系统中数控机床造型的不同方面的设计知识，进而获得ICAID系统中相对完整的设计知识。此外研究过程中将计算机领域的相关技术引入到ICAID系统也是论文的另一个重点。通过采用Metadata技术，从而使ICAID系统中的设计知识得到完整的表达。
最后是通过对各个部分设计知识案例以及设计知识子系统案例的分析，来阐述设计知识在ICAID系统中的应用。从而使整个ICAID系统的设计知识和设计知识子系统得到了完整的表述。
As a study of the state's "Tenth Five-year" National Science and Technology Project "Research on Internet-based NC (numeric control) Machine Tools From Design and Humanized Interface Technologies and Implementations Based on the Design Knowledge and User Knowledge", this paper mainly introduced the design knowledge about form design of NC machine tools, and combined with some cases in the ICAID system to establish the design knowledge subsystem in the ICAID system.
This paper was founded on the analysis of the CAD and CAID which based on the knowledge at first, and given some discussion about the origin and the research direction of this task. The conception of ICAID based on knowledge was also brought forward.
By expounding on the correlative theory research about knowledge and knowledge system including the sorts of knowledge and the definition of the knowledge system, the conception and research content of the design knowledge in the ICAID system are given out. At the same time this paper discusses the expression manner of design knowledge at the view of aesthetic psychology.
First the paper analyzed the principles of basic and NC machine tools form. Then the correlative form design of NC machine tools in the process of research was also analyzed. Based on these analyses, some well-regulated design knowledge about the form design of NC machine tools was drawn out. Namely the form unit connective way and disposal means were creatively put forward, which is one of the key points in the paper.
Another keystone of this paper is to capture the form design knowledge by using experimental methods. Through importing several experiments, this paper aimed to capture different design knowledge about NC machine tools design and comparatively integrative design knowledge of ICAID system. Introducing some correlative technologies in the computer science field to the ICAID system is also another key content. Through using the Metadata, design knowledge in the ICAID system is
expressed perfectly.
This paper has set forth the application of design knowledge in the ICAID system by analyzing the cases of design knowledge and design knowledge subsystem at last. Therefore the design knowledge and design knowledge subsystem of the whole ICAID system has been expressed integrality.
引文
[1] 李政道．艺术与科学．文艺研究．1999，第二期
[2] 潘云鹤，孙守迁，包恩伟．计算机辅助工业设计技术发展状况与趋势．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报．1999，11(3)：248～252
[3] 何人可．工业设计史．北京：北京理工大学出版社，2001
[4] 赵江洪．设计艺术的含义．长沙：湖南大学出版社，1999
[5] 潘云鹤．智能CAD方法与建模．北京：科学出版社，1997
[6] Lu Chang-D, etal. Computer Aided Industrial Design. The Manufacture Technology and Machine Tool. 1995,10.11
[7] 张劲松，基于INTERNET的数控机床辅助造型设计系统研究：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：湖南大学，2000
[8] Van Elsa PA. Vereest JSM. New Functionality for Computer Aid-ed Conceptual Design: The Displacement Feature. Design Studies. 1998, 19.(1):81-102
[9] Lipson. H, Shipitalni. M. Optimizationg-based Reconstruction og a 3D Object from a Single Freehand Line Drawing. Computer-Aided Design. 1996, 28(8):651-663
[10] Eui D JS, Kee D. A Man-machine Interface Model with improved Visibility and Reach Functions. Computers Engineering. 1996, 30(3):475-486
[11] Dani T H, Gadh R. Creation of Concept Shape Designs Via a Vi rtual Reality Interface. Computer Aided Design, 1997, 29(8): 555-563
[12] Stefik M etal. WYSIW IS Revised: Early Experiences with Multi-user Interface. ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems, 1987, 5(2)
[13] Shao Chun, Sun Shou-Qian, Zheng Jia-Cheng. The Coordination of Computer Supported Engineering Design and Industrial Design. Journal of Engineering Graphics, 1997, (2-3):31-37
[14] Sachs E, Roberts A, Stoops D. 3-Draw: A Tool for Designing 3D Shapes. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications. 1991, 11(11):18-26
[15] 简召全．工业设计方法学．北京：北京理工大学出版社，2000
[16] 马克·第亚尼著，腾守尧译．非物质社会——后工业社会的设计、文化与技术．第一版．成都：四川人民出版社，2000
[17] 齐东初．数字化艺术论坛．杭州：浙江人民美术出版社，2002
[18] 苏延霞，赵江洪．论人工智能在CAID系统中的应用．Proceeding of 2002 International Conference on Industrial Design. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2002:344-347
[19] 钟佩思，高国安．智能CAD系统中的知识表示与知识获取策略．
[20] S Teeravarunyou, K Sato. Object-Mediated User Knowledge Elicitation Method. In: proceeding of the 5th Asian International Design Research Conference. Korea, 2001
[21] S Teeravarunyou, K Sato. User Process Based Product Architecture. In: Proceeding of World Congress on Mass Customization and Personalization. Hong Kong, 2001
[22] 柳莎．基于Internet的智能CAID系统：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：湖南大学，2002
[23] 托马斯·M·科洛波洛斯，卡尔·弗雷保洛著，陈岳，关新潮译．知识管理．第1版．上海：上海远东出版社，2002
[24] 孔繁胜．知识库系统原理．杭州：浙江大学出版社，2000
[25] Jose Carl0S Teixeira．Applying Design Knowledge to Create Innovation Business Opportunities
[26] 王祖耀．ICAID系统的知识管理与网络化合作设计平台研究：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：湖南大学，2003
[27] 赵江洪，吴超．基于网络的计算机辅助工业设计．中国机械工程，1999，10
[28] 赵江洪，张军，孙宗禹．数控机床设计的案例研究．湖南大学学报(自然科学版)，2002(10)：第29卷，第五期
[29] 谭浩．基于知识的数控机床计算机辅助工业设计系统研究：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：湖南大学，2003
[30] 董军，肖少拥．知识库系统的现状与发展趋势．计算机技术与自动化，1995，14(3)：1～4
[31] 赵江洪．设计心理学．北京：北京理工大学出版社，2004
[32] 欧阳波．基于设计知识和用户知识的人性化ICAID系统：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：湖南大学，2002
[33] 腾守尧．审美心理描述．北京：中国社会科学出版社，1985
[34] 杨思寰．审美心理学．北京：人民出版社，1991
[35] 小林重顺．造型构成心理．台湾：艺风堂出版社
[36] 鲁道夫·阿恩海姆著，腾守尧译．艺术与视知觉．成都：四川人民出版社，2001
[37] John B Best著，谢彤译．认知心理学．北京：教育科学出版社，2000
[38] 金勇．数控机床形态特征分析与设计：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：湖南大学，1999
[39] 陈炳发．工业设计方法及CAD应用．北京：中国科技出版社，2000
[40] 詹雄．机器艺术设计．长沙：湖南大学出版社，1998
[41] Cai Hong-Ming, Lu Chang-De, He Wei-Ping. A Study of Machine Tools Industrial Designed Fuzzy Evaluating System. Journal of Computer Aided Design and Computer Graphics, May 1999, Vol 11, No.3
[42] 艾斯基尔德·加尔弗．工业设计简明教程．闵元宋，卓香振．武汉：湖北科学技术出版社．1985
[43] 王秉鉴．家电产品形态和色彩的设计构思
[44] Zhang Jun, Zhao Jiang-Hong, Zhang Jing-Song. Research on The Concurrent Idea. In ICAID, 2000
[45] Chief Branki, Alan Bridges, Andrew Walls, IainAird. A Web-based Design Support Environment for Knowledge Discovery and Machine Learning
[46] 王重鸣．心理学研究方法．北京：人民教育出版社，2000
[47] 朱祖详，葛列众，张智君，工程心理学．北京：人民教育出版社，2000
[48] B. Chabdrasekaran. Design Problem Solving: A Task Analysis. AI Magazine. 1990, 4(4):59～71
[49] David Pinelle, Carl Cutwin. Group Task Analysis for Groupware Usability Evolutions. In Proceeding of IEEE2001. WetIce, 2001
[50] 罗仕鉴．基于人机工程的数控机床造型意象尺度研究．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，2000
[51] Zhang Bing, Zhao Jianghong, Ji Tie. A Preliminary Study on Color Image Scale. [A]. Proceeding of the First China-Japan Joint International Symposium on Industry Design[C]. Beijing: International Academic Public Publishers, 1997
[52] 罗仕鉴．产品造型意象尺度与认知研究：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：湖南大学，1998
[53] 张军，赵江洪．意象尺度法与认知研究．装饰
[54] Gore Al. The Digital Earth: Under Standing Our Planet in the 2 1st Century. See: http://www.opengis.org/info/pubaffairs/ALGORE.htm. Given at the California Science Center, Los Angeles, California, 1998-01-03
[55] 承继成，赵永平．地理信息及其元数据标准化研究．遥感学报，1998，2(2)：78-83
[56] 赵永平，过静君，陈爱军．Metadata共享体系的实现模型．清华大学学报，Vol．39，NO．12，1999
[2] 潘云鹤，孙守迁，包恩伟．计算机辅助工业设计技术发展状况与趋势．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报．1999，11(3)：248～252
[3] 何人可．工业设计史．北京：北京理工大学出版社，2001
[4] 赵江洪．设计艺术的含义．长沙：湖南大学出版社，1999
[5] 潘云鹤．智能CAD方法与建模．北京：科学出版社，1997
[6] Lu Chang-D, etal. Computer Aided Industrial Design. The Manufacture Technology and Machine Tool. 1995,10.11
[7] 张劲松，基于INTERNET的数控机床辅助造型设计系统研究：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：湖南大学，2000
[8] Van Elsa PA. Vereest JSM. New Functionality for Computer Aid-ed Conceptual Design: The Displacement Feature. Design Studies. 1998, 19.(1):81-102
[9] Lipson. H, Shipitalni. M. Optimizationg-based Reconstruction og a 3D Object from a Single Freehand Line Drawing. Computer-Aided Design. 1996, 28(8):651-663
[10] Eui D JS, Kee D. A Man-machine Interface Model with improved Visibility and Reach Functions. Computers Engineering. 1996, 30(3):475-486
[11] Dani T H, Gadh R. Creation of Concept Shape Designs Via a Vi rtual Reality Interface. Computer Aided Design, 1997, 29(8): 555-563
[12] Stefik M etal. WYSIW IS Revised: Early Experiences with Multi-user Interface. ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems, 1987, 5(2)
[13] Shao Chun, Sun Shou-Qian, Zheng Jia-Cheng. The Coordination of Computer Supported Engineering Design and Industrial Design. Journal of Engineering Graphics, 1997, (2-3):31-37
[14] Sachs E, Roberts A, Stoops D. 3-Draw: A Tool for Designing 3D Shapes. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications. 1991, 11(11):18-26
[15] 简召全．工业设计方法学．北京：北京理工大学出版社，2000
[16] 马克·第亚尼著，腾守尧译．非物质社会——后工业社会的设计、文化与技术．第一版．成都：四川人民出版社，2000
[17] 齐东初．数字化艺术论坛．杭州：浙江人民美术出版社，2002
[18] 苏延霞，赵江洪．论人工智能在CAID系统中的应用．Proceeding of 2002 International Conference on Industrial Design. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2002:344-347
[19] 钟佩思，高国安．智能CAD系统中的知识表示与知识获取策略．
[20] S Teeravarunyou, K Sato. Object-Mediated User Knowledge Elicitation Method. In: proceeding of the 5th Asian International Design Research Conference. Korea, 2001
[21] S Teeravarunyou, K Sato. User Process Based Product Architecture. In: Proceeding of World Congress on Mass Customization and Personalization. Hong Kong, 2001
[22] 柳莎．基于Internet的智能CAID系统：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：湖南大学，2002
[23] 托马斯·M·科洛波洛斯，卡尔·弗雷保洛著，陈岳，关新潮译．知识管理．第1版．上海：上海远东出版社，2002
[24] 孔繁胜．知识库系统原理．杭州：浙江大学出版社，2000
[25] Jose Carl0S Teixeira．Applying Design Knowledge to Create Innovation Business Opportunities
[26] 王祖耀．ICAID系统的知识管理与网络化合作设计平台研究：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：湖南大学，2003
[27] 赵江洪，吴超．基于网络的计算机辅助工业设计．中国机械工程，1999，10
[28] 赵江洪，张军，孙宗禹．数控机床设计的案例研究．湖南大学学报(自然科学版)，2002(10)：第29卷，第五期
[29] 谭浩．基于知识的数控机床计算机辅助工业设计系统研究：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：湖南大学，2003
[30] 董军，肖少拥．知识库系统的现状与发展趋势．计算机技术与自动化，1995，14(3)：1～4
[31] 赵江洪．设计心理学．北京：北京理工大学出版社，2004
[32] 欧阳波．基于设计知识和用户知识的人性化ICAID系统：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：湖南大学，2002
[33] 腾守尧．审美心理描述．北京：中国社会科学出版社，1985
[34] 杨思寰．审美心理学．北京：人民出版社，1991
[35] 小林重顺．造型构成心理．台湾：艺风堂出版社
[36] 鲁道夫·阿恩海姆著，腾守尧译．艺术与视知觉．成都：四川人民出版社，2001
[37] John B Best著，谢彤译．认知心理学．北京：教育科学出版社，2000
[38] 金勇．数控机床形态特征分析与设计：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：湖南大学，1999
[39] 陈炳发．工业设计方法及CAD应用．北京：中国科技出版社，2000
[40] 詹雄．机器艺术设计．长沙：湖南大学出版社，1998
[41] Cai Hong-Ming, Lu Chang-De, He Wei-Ping. A Study of Machine Tools Industrial Designed Fuzzy Evaluating System. Journal of Computer Aided Design and Computer Graphics, May 1999, Vol 11, No.3
[42] 艾斯基尔德·加尔弗．工业设计简明教程．闵元宋，卓香振．武汉：湖北科学技术出版社．1985
[43] 王秉鉴．家电产品形态和色彩的设计构思
[44] Zhang Jun, Zhao Jiang-Hong, Zhang Jing-Song. Research on The Concurrent Idea. In ICAID, 2000
[45] Chief Branki, Alan Bridges, Andrew Walls, IainAird. A Web-based Design Support Environment for Knowledge Discovery and Machine Learning
[46] 王重鸣．心理学研究方法．北京：人民教育出版社，2000
[47] 朱祖详，葛列众，张智君，工程心理学．北京：人民教育出版社，2000
[48] B. Chabdrasekaran. Design Problem Solving: A Task Analysis. AI Magazine. 1990, 4(4):59～71
[49] David Pinelle, Carl Cutwin. Group Task Analysis for Groupware Usability Evolutions. In Proceeding of IEEE2001. WetIce, 2001
[50] 罗仕鉴．基于人机工程的数控机床造型意象尺度研究．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，2000
[51] Zhang Bing, Zhao Jianghong, Ji Tie. A Preliminary Study on Color Image Scale. [A]. Proceeding of the First China-Japan Joint International Symposium on Industry Design[C]. Beijing: International Academic Public Publishers, 1997
[52] 罗仕鉴．产品造型意象尺度与认知研究：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：湖南大学，1998
[53] 张军，赵江洪．意象尺度法与认知研究．装饰
[54] Gore Al. The Digital Earth: Under Standing Our Planet in the 2 1st Century. See: http://www.opengis.org/info/pubaffairs/ALGORE.htm. Given at the California Science Center, Los Angeles, California, 1998-01-03
[55] 承继成，赵永平．地理信息及其元数据标准化研究．遥感学报，1998，2(2)：78-83
[56] 赵永平，过静君，陈爱军．Metadata共享体系的实现模型．清华大学学报，Vol．39，NO．12，1999
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