光正交码的构造以及光编解码器的研究
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摘要
CDMA技术已成功应用于无线通信领域，它具有抗干扰、抗多径衰落、提高系统容量等优点，但由于无线带宽和传输环境的限制，CDMA上述优点尚未发挥。光纤通信具有丰富的带宽资源，且不受电、磁干扰，但它目前存在光／电交换所带来的“瓶颈”问题。OCDMA巧妙的结合了两种技术的长处，其技术优点有：①无需全网同步，无需复杂的路由控制和网络管理，用户可实时地以异步的方式接入、传输和交换。②对各种不同类型的信息是透明的，特别适合实时话音和视音频等多媒体通信。③具有很好的安全性。因此，OCDMA技术作为实现全光通信的一种手段，具有很强的技术优势和广阔的应用前景。
本文围绕OCDMA的几个关键技术展开相应的研究工作。首先把OCDMA与现行主流的复用技术(OTDMA、DWDMA)进行了比较，分析了光正交码与素数码的优缺点，对光正交码的特性、容量、构造方法进行了相应的理论研究。提出利用差分矩阵算法来简化求自相关和互相关函数的过程，并且利用差分矩阵建立了光正交码自相关和互相关函数的计算机模型。首次给出任意码长码重的等重光正交码的构造方法，并初步建立了码字查询后台数据库系统。用SIMULINK建立基于光纤延迟线的OCDMA仿真模型，通过模型验证了光纤延迟线编解码器的可行性，搭建了两路的光纤延迟线编解码器的试验平台，进行了相应的试验研究。从概率论和信噪比的角度推导了OCDMA系统误码率计算公式，从多址干扰出发，详细讨论了影响系统误码性能的几个重要因素。根据OCDMA网络的特点，设计了相应的拓扑结构、介质访问控制方法以及网络协议，提出一种OCDMA+DWDM的组网方案。
Code-division multi-access(CDMA) technology has been used in wireless and satellite communications.lt has many advantages such as combating interference, reducing multi-path fading,enchancing system capacity and so on.These advantages cannot be used thoroughtly because of the bound of wireless bandwidth and the environment of transmission. Optical-fiber communications is undisterbed by electromagnetic interference, and they have abundent bandwidth resource. But there is "botttleneck" of photoelectric conversion. OCDMA takes the advantages of both and owns its advantages ,such as no synchronization no complicated route control and network management,transparence to all kinds of messages ,specially account to multimedia communication and high security. So it implies a great challenge for the development of future communication networks,especially all optical networks.
In this paper, we do much research in the key-technology of OCDMA.First we compare OCDMA with the main mutiple technology of OTDMA and DWDMA and analyzed the characteristic, capacity and construction methods, iwe put forword a difference matric to predigest the process of soluting autocorrelation and crosscorrelation function. A computer model of autocorrelation and crosscorrelation function was establiched by the difference matrix. A new method of construction of OOC with any code length or code weight was presented for the first time and a SQL data base of code words was founded. We verified the feasibility using fiber delay time, establishing a simulation model by matlab.We set up a testing flat flood by two pathes using fiber delay time. In term of hitting probability and signal-noise ratio ,we analyzed the system's BER performance and derivated some fomulas. According to the character of OCDMA network, we designed topological construction ,media access control method and network protocol. Finnally a New
projiect of OCDMA+DWDM was put forward.
本文围绕OCDMA的几个关键技术展开相应的研究工作。首先把OCDMA与现行主流的复用技术(OTDMA、DWDMA)进行了比较，分析了光正交码与素数码的优缺点，对光正交码的特性、容量、构造方法进行了相应的理论研究。提出利用差分矩阵算法来简化求自相关和互相关函数的过程，并且利用差分矩阵建立了光正交码自相关和互相关函数的计算机模型。首次给出任意码长码重的等重光正交码的构造方法，并初步建立了码字查询后台数据库系统。用SIMULINK建立基于光纤延迟线的OCDMA仿真模型，通过模型验证了光纤延迟线编解码器的可行性，搭建了两路的光纤延迟线编解码器的试验平台，进行了相应的试验研究。从概率论和信噪比的角度推导了OCDMA系统误码率计算公式，从多址干扰出发，详细讨论了影响系统误码性能的几个重要因素。根据OCDMA网络的特点，设计了相应的拓扑结构、介质访问控制方法以及网络协议，提出一种OCDMA+DWDM的组网方案。
Code-division multi-access(CDMA) technology has been used in wireless and satellite communications.lt has many advantages such as combating interference, reducing multi-path fading,enchancing system capacity and so on.These advantages cannot be used thoroughtly because of the bound of wireless bandwidth and the environment of transmission. Optical-fiber communications is undisterbed by electromagnetic interference, and they have abundent bandwidth resource. But there is "botttleneck" of photoelectric conversion. OCDMA takes the advantages of both and owns its advantages ,such as no synchronization no complicated route control and network management,transparence to all kinds of messages ,specially account to multimedia communication and high security. So it implies a great challenge for the development of future communication networks,especially all optical networks.
In this paper, we do much research in the key-technology of OCDMA.First we compare OCDMA with the main mutiple technology of OTDMA and DWDMA and analyzed the characteristic, capacity and construction methods, iwe put forword a difference matric to predigest the process of soluting autocorrelation and crosscorrelation function. A computer model of autocorrelation and crosscorrelation function was establiched by the difference matrix. A new method of construction of OOC with any code length or code weight was presented for the first time and a SQL data base of code words was founded. We verified the feasibility using fiber delay time, establishing a simulation model by matlab.We set up a testing flat flood by two pathes using fiber delay time. In term of hitting probability and signal-noise ratio ,we analyzed the system's BER performance and derivated some fomulas. According to the character of OCDMA network, we designed topological construction ,media access control method and network protocol. Finnally a New
projiect of OCDMA+DWDM was put forward.
引文
[1] Jackon K P,Newton S A, Shaw H J. 1 Gbit/s code generator and matched filter using an optical fiber tapped delay line. Applied Phys. Lett., 1983,42(7):556-558
[2] Salehi J A,Weiner A M,Heritage J P. Coherent ultrashort light pulse code division multiple access communications systems. IEEE J. Lightwave Tech, 1990,8(3):478-491
[3] Maric S V, Lau V K N. Multirate fiber-optic CDMA:System design and performance analysis. IEEE J. Lightwave Tech., 1998:16(1):9-17
[4] Huang J F,Hsu D Z.Fiber-grating-based optical CDMA spectral coding with nearly orthognonal M-sequence codes.IEEE Photon.Tech..Lett,2000,12(9): 1252-1254
[5] Kim J Y,Poor H V. Tubo-coded optical direct-detection CDMA system with PPM modulation. IEEE J. Lightwave Tech.,2000,19(13) :312-323
[6] 殷洪玺，王勇．光码分多址网络技术及其研究进展．光通信研究．2000年，No．3
[7] 樊昌信，詹道庸等，通信原理，国防工业出版社，1995
[8] 蒋林涛，多媒体通信网，人民邮电出版社，1999
[9] 吴承治，徐敏毅，光接入网工程，北京，人民邮电出版社，1998
[10] 顾畹仪，全光通信网，北京，北京邮电大学出版社，2000
[11] 赵慧玲，胡琳等，宽带Internet网络技术，电子工业出版社，1999
[12] Zheng J G,Kwong W C.Effective design of optical code-division multiple access networks by using the modified prime code[J].Electronics Letter,1997,33(3):229-230
[13] Yang G G,Kwong W C.Performance Analysis of Optical CDMA with Prime Codes[J]Electronic Letters, 1995,31 (7):569-570
[14] A.S.Holmes, All-optical CDMA using "quasi-prime"codes, J.of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 10,No.2,1992,pp258-286
[15] J.-G Zhang and G.Picchi,Tunable prime-code encoder/decoder for all-optical CDMA applications,Electronics Letters, Vol.29,No. 13,1993,pp 1211-1212
[16] G.-C. Yang, Performance analysis of optical CDMA with prime codes,Electron.Lett. Vol.31 ,No.7,1995,pp560-564
[17] Salehi J A. Code division multiple access techniques in optical fiber network-part
I:fundamental principle. [J]. IEEE Transaction on Comm, 1989,Vol,37(8):824-833
[18] R.Petrovic, Othogonal codes for CDMA optical fiber LAN's with variable bit interval, Electron. Lett.Vol.26, 1990(5): 662-664,
[19] Chung F R K,Salehi J A,WeiVK.Optical orthogonal codes:design,analysis,and applications [J].IEEE Transaction Theory, 1989,35(3):595-604
[20] 靳番，陈志．组合编码原理及应用[M]．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1995
[21] Jackson K P,Newton S A, Shaw H J.1Gbit/s code generator and matched filter using an optical tapped dalay line [J].App Phys Lett, 1983,42(7):556-558
[22] 殷洪玺，杨淑雯，张光昭，适于光码分复用系统的光正交码的容量及其构造方法的讨论光通信研究，1997(4)
[23] N.Q.A.L. Gyorfi,Constructions of binary constant-weight cyclic codes and cyclically permutable codes,IEEE Trans inform. Theory,Vol.38,1992,pp940-949
[24] Yang Guu-Chung.Variable-Weight optical orthogonal codes for CDMA networks with multiple performance requirements[J].IEEE Trans Comm, 1996 [15] .44(1):47-55
[25] 吉建华，范戈，光码分多址(OCDMA)通信系统中的地址码，2002 Vol．26No．1：20-23
[26] Shivaleela E.S., Sivarajan N.,Selvarajan A.,Design of a New Family of Two-D-imensional Codes for Fiber-Optic CDMA Networks, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1998, Vol.- 16(4):501-508
[27] Mike Gunderloy, Joseph L, Jorden, SQL Server 2000 从入门到精通，电子工业出版社
[28] 李昆堂，SQL Server 2000与XML应用技术，中国铁道出版社
[29] 蔡翠平，SQL数据库技术，北方交大出版社，清华大学出版社
[30] Microsoft Corporation, Microsoft Server 2000 Transact-SQL 和技术参考手册，科学出版社，2001
[31] 苏啸，数据库原理与SQL Server 2000教程，北京工业大学出版社，
[32] Salehi J A.Code division multiple-access techniques in optical fiber networks-Part Ⅰ:Foundermental principles.IEEE Trans.Commun., 1989,(8): 824～833
[33] Grunne-Jepsen A,Sweetser J N,Munroe M,et al.Code-division-multiplexing-
compatible coding and decoding of directly driven DFB laser bit stream.OFC'2000
[34] Grunnet-Jepsen A F, Maniloff E S,et al.Fiber bragg grating based spectral encoder/decoder for lightwave CDMA.Elec.Lett., 1999,35(13):1096～1097
[35] Huang Jen-Fa and Hsu Dar-Zu.Fiber-grating-based optical spectral coding with nearly orthogonal codes.IEEE Photon. Technol.Lett.,2000,12(9): 13～21
[36] 张宝富，朱勇，李玉权．光纤扩频通信系统中光编解码器的研究[J]．通信学报．1998，19(7)：25～29．
[37] Wing C.Kong, Philippe A.PERRIER, Perrier, Paul R.Prucnal, Performance Comparision of Asychronous and Synchronous Code-Division Multiple-Acess Techniques for Fiber-Optic Local Area Networks,IEEE Transactions on Communications, 1991,Vol.39(11),p1625-1634
[38] 樊昌信，詹到庸，徐炳祥等，通信原理(第四版)，北京，国防大学出版社，1995，p121-138
[39] 张宝富 全光网络，人民邮电出版社，2002
[40] 胡键栋，郑朝晖，龙必起，李兴明，码分多址与个人通信，人民邮电出版社，1996(10)
[41] Guu-chang Yang, Kong Wing C.Performance comparison of multiwavelenght CDMA and WDM+CDMA for fiber-optic networks.IEEE Trans. Commun, 1997,45 (11):1426-1433
[42] Tancevski L, Andonovic I. Wavelength hopping/times spreading code division multiple access systems. Eletronic letters, 1994,30(17):1388-1400
[43] Shivalleela E S,Sivarajan Kumar N,Selvarajan A.Design of a new family of two-dimensional codes for fiber-optical CDMA networks. Journal of Lightwave technology, 1998,16(4):501-508
[44] 雄桂喜，王小虎译，计算机网络第三版，清华大学出版社，2002(7)
[2] Salehi J A,Weiner A M,Heritage J P. Coherent ultrashort light pulse code division multiple access communications systems. IEEE J. Lightwave Tech, 1990,8(3):478-491
[3] Maric S V, Lau V K N. Multirate fiber-optic CDMA:System design and performance analysis. IEEE J. Lightwave Tech., 1998:16(1):9-17
[4] Huang J F,Hsu D Z.Fiber-grating-based optical CDMA spectral coding with nearly orthognonal M-sequence codes.IEEE Photon.Tech..Lett,2000,12(9): 1252-1254
[5] Kim J Y,Poor H V. Tubo-coded optical direct-detection CDMA system with PPM modulation. IEEE J. Lightwave Tech.,2000,19(13) :312-323
[6] 殷洪玺，王勇．光码分多址网络技术及其研究进展．光通信研究．2000年，No．3
[7] 樊昌信，詹道庸等，通信原理，国防工业出版社，1995
[8] 蒋林涛，多媒体通信网，人民邮电出版社，1999
[9] 吴承治，徐敏毅，光接入网工程，北京，人民邮电出版社，1998
[10] 顾畹仪，全光通信网，北京，北京邮电大学出版社，2000
[11] 赵慧玲，胡琳等，宽带Internet网络技术，电子工业出版社，1999
[12] Zheng J G,Kwong W C.Effective design of optical code-division multiple access networks by using the modified prime code[J].Electronics Letter,1997,33(3):229-230
[13] Yang G G,Kwong W C.Performance Analysis of Optical CDMA with Prime Codes[J]Electronic Letters, 1995,31 (7):569-570
[14] A.S.Holmes, All-optical CDMA using "quasi-prime"codes, J.of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 10,No.2,1992,pp258-286
[15] J.-G Zhang and G.Picchi,Tunable prime-code encoder/decoder for all-optical CDMA applications,Electronics Letters, Vol.29,No. 13,1993,pp 1211-1212
[16] G.-C. Yang, Performance analysis of optical CDMA with prime codes,Electron.Lett. Vol.31 ,No.7,1995,pp560-564
[17] Salehi J A. Code division multiple access techniques in optical fiber network-part
I:fundamental principle. [J]. IEEE Transaction on Comm, 1989,Vol,37(8):824-833
[18] R.Petrovic, Othogonal codes for CDMA optical fiber LAN's with variable bit interval, Electron. Lett.Vol.26, 1990(5): 662-664,
[19] Chung F R K,Salehi J A,WeiVK.Optical orthogonal codes:design,analysis,and applications [J].IEEE Transaction Theory, 1989,35(3):595-604
[20] 靳番，陈志．组合编码原理及应用[M]．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1995
[21] Jackson K P,Newton S A, Shaw H J.1Gbit/s code generator and matched filter using an optical tapped dalay line [J].App Phys Lett, 1983,42(7):556-558
[22] 殷洪玺，杨淑雯，张光昭，适于光码分复用系统的光正交码的容量及其构造方法的讨论光通信研究，1997(4)
[23] N.Q.A.L. Gyorfi,Constructions of binary constant-weight cyclic codes and cyclically permutable codes,IEEE Trans inform. Theory,Vol.38,1992,pp940-949
[24] Yang Guu-Chung.Variable-Weight optical orthogonal codes for CDMA networks with multiple performance requirements[J].IEEE Trans Comm, 1996 [15] .44(1):47-55
[25] 吉建华，范戈，光码分多址(OCDMA)通信系统中的地址码，2002 Vol．26No．1：20-23
[26] Shivaleela E.S., Sivarajan N.,Selvarajan A.,Design of a New Family of Two-D-imensional Codes for Fiber-Optic CDMA Networks, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1998, Vol.- 16(4):501-508
[27] Mike Gunderloy, Joseph L, Jorden, SQL Server 2000 从入门到精通，电子工业出版社
[28] 李昆堂，SQL Server 2000与XML应用技术，中国铁道出版社
[29] 蔡翠平，SQL数据库技术，北方交大出版社，清华大学出版社
[30] Microsoft Corporation, Microsoft Server 2000 Transact-SQL 和技术参考手册，科学出版社，2001
[31] 苏啸，数据库原理与SQL Server 2000教程，北京工业大学出版社，
[32] Salehi J A.Code division multiple-access techniques in optical fiber networks-Part Ⅰ:Foundermental principles.IEEE Trans.Commun., 1989,(8): 824～833
[33] Grunne-Jepsen A,Sweetser J N,Munroe M,et al.Code-division-multiplexing-
compatible coding and decoding of directly driven DFB laser bit stream.OFC'2000
[34] Grunnet-Jepsen A F, Maniloff E S,et al.Fiber bragg grating based spectral encoder/decoder for lightwave CDMA.Elec.Lett., 1999,35(13):1096～1097
[35] Huang Jen-Fa and Hsu Dar-Zu.Fiber-grating-based optical spectral coding with nearly orthogonal codes.IEEE Photon. Technol.Lett.,2000,12(9): 13～21
[36] 张宝富，朱勇，李玉权．光纤扩频通信系统中光编解码器的研究[J]．通信学报．1998，19(7)：25～29．
[37] Wing C.Kong, Philippe A.PERRIER, Perrier, Paul R.Prucnal, Performance Comparision of Asychronous and Synchronous Code-Division Multiple-Acess Techniques for Fiber-Optic Local Area Networks,IEEE Transactions on Communications, 1991,Vol.39(11),p1625-1634
[38] 樊昌信，詹到庸，徐炳祥等，通信原理(第四版)，北京，国防大学出版社，1995，p121-138
[39] 张宝富 全光网络，人民邮电出版社，2002
[40] 胡键栋，郑朝晖，龙必起，李兴明，码分多址与个人通信，人民邮电出版社，1996(10)
[41] Guu-chang Yang, Kong Wing C.Performance comparison of multiwavelenght CDMA and WDM+CDMA for fiber-optic networks.IEEE Trans. Commun, 1997,45 (11):1426-1433
[42] Tancevski L, Andonovic I. Wavelength hopping/times spreading code division multiple access systems. Eletronic letters, 1994,30(17):1388-1400
[43] Shivalleela E S,Sivarajan Kumar N,Selvarajan A.Design of a new family of two-dimensional codes for fiber-optical CDMA networks. Journal of Lightwave technology, 1998,16(4):501-508
[44] 雄桂喜，王小虎译，计算机网络第三版，清华大学出版社，2002(7)
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