不同蛋白源日粮条件下绵羊瘤胃肽和游离氨基酸释放的研究
摘要
本实验以豆粕、鱼粉、玉米蛋白粉三种蛋白质饲料设计3个处理组日粮, 研究不同蛋白源日粮饲养条件下绵羊瘤胃液（采食后1h、2h、4h、6h）游离氨基酸的浓度、组成和以肽形式存在氨基酸浓度及氨基酸组成的动态变化。整个实验分为两部分，第一部分进行实验用蛋白源饲料(豆粕、鱼粉、玉米蛋白粉)氨基酸组成分析及瘤胃降解规律的研究，为第二部分实验研究提供数据来源。第二部分不同蛋白源日粮条件下绵羊瘤胃液（采食后1h、2h、4h、6h）游离氨基酸浓度、组成以及肽氨基酸浓度和氨基酸组成动态的研究。研究结果表明：
1 不同蛋白源组采食后6h时间内绵羊瘤胃游离氨基酸浓度比较，鱼粉组最高，豆粕与玉米蛋白粉组次之，鱼粉组与豆粕组差异显著(p<0.05)，豆粕组与玉米蛋白粉组差异不显著(p<0.05)。随时间延长氨基酸浓度具有升高趋势的有脯氨酸、组氨酸和精氨酸(p<0.05)，具有下降趋势的有甘氨酸(p<0.05)。实验表明前三种氨基酸具有一定的抗瘤胃降解作用或不宜被瘤胃微生物利用，而后者则可能易被瘤胃微生物利用或在瘤胃内易被降解。
2 绵羊瘤胃肽和氨基酸的释放与蛋白质饲料瘤胃降解率无关，采食后1小时是肽释放的高峰，蛋白质来源不同，绵羊瘤胃释放的肽形式的氨基酸与总氨基酸的比例不同，采食后6h内肽氨基酸占总氨基酸的平均数（PAA/TAA）分别为：豆粕组72.28%，鱼粉组90.99%，玉米蛋白组91.90%。
3 采食后6小时内不同蛋白源组瘤胃液中肽氨基酸含量相对比例较高的有天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、酪氨酸、组氨酸。随时间延长各组肽氨基酸浓度具有上升趋势的有谷氨酸、缬氨酸、酪氨酸和亮氨酸。表明含有这些氨基酸的肽具有一定的抗瘤胃降解作用。
This study used in a 3×3 latin square design, and three diets, of which main protein resources are soybean, fish meal and corn gluten meal respectively to investigate the profile of amino acids ,concentration and form of peptide in the rumen of sheep The experiment consisted of two parts, the first, we anylysed the profile of amino acid of protein sources feeds for experiment, and searched degradation regularity of them in the sheep rumen, I the second we evaluated the profile of amino acid ,concentration and form of peptide of different protein sources in the rumen of sheep. Results showed that:
Part 1.The free amino acid had the higher concentration in fish meal group in contrast to soybean meal group and corn gluten meal group in 6 hour after meal. His, pro and Arg had the change with higher amino acid concentration in each experimental group in 6h after meal(P<0.05); and Gly had the change with lower amino acid concentration (P<0.05).showed that His, pro and Arg were not easy degraded in rumen and Gly were easy used by bacterios.
Part 2. The release of peptide and free amino acid is not related by degradation of protein source feed There are the most release of peptide in the first hour,and different proportion of peptide to free amino acid, feeded different protein sources feed. The average proportion of amino acid of peptide to total amino acid ,72.28%(soybean meal)，90.99%(fish meal group)，91.90%(corn gluten meal).
Part 3 The AA form of peptide in the rumen are similar in each experimental group, Asp,Glu,Tyr and His had higer amino acid concentration in 6 hour after meal, in the amino acid concentration of peptides from 1h to 6h after meal, Glu,Tyr,Val and Leu Had the changes with higher amino acid concentration. .showed that Asp,Glu,Tyr and His were not easy degraded in rumen
1 不同蛋白源组采食后6h时间内绵羊瘤胃游离氨基酸浓度比较，鱼粉组最高，豆粕与玉米蛋白粉组次之，鱼粉组与豆粕组差异显著(p<0.05)，豆粕组与玉米蛋白粉组差异不显著(p<0.05)。随时间延长氨基酸浓度具有升高趋势的有脯氨酸、组氨酸和精氨酸(p<0.05)，具有下降趋势的有甘氨酸(p<0.05)。实验表明前三种氨基酸具有一定的抗瘤胃降解作用或不宜被瘤胃微生物利用，而后者则可能易被瘤胃微生物利用或在瘤胃内易被降解。
2 绵羊瘤胃肽和氨基酸的释放与蛋白质饲料瘤胃降解率无关，采食后1小时是肽释放的高峰，蛋白质来源不同，绵羊瘤胃释放的肽形式的氨基酸与总氨基酸的比例不同，采食后6h内肽氨基酸占总氨基酸的平均数（PAA/TAA）分别为：豆粕组72.28%，鱼粉组90.99%，玉米蛋白组91.90%。
3 采食后6小时内不同蛋白源组瘤胃液中肽氨基酸含量相对比例较高的有天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、酪氨酸、组氨酸。随时间延长各组肽氨基酸浓度具有上升趋势的有谷氨酸、缬氨酸、酪氨酸和亮氨酸。表明含有这些氨基酸的肽具有一定的抗瘤胃降解作用。
This study used in a 3×3 latin square design, and three diets, of which main protein resources are soybean, fish meal and corn gluten meal respectively to investigate the profile of amino acids ,concentration and form of peptide in the rumen of sheep The experiment consisted of two parts, the first, we anylysed the profile of amino acid of protein sources feeds for experiment, and searched degradation regularity of them in the sheep rumen, I the second we evaluated the profile of amino acid ,concentration and form of peptide of different protein sources in the rumen of sheep. Results showed that:
Part 1.The free amino acid had the higher concentration in fish meal group in contrast to soybean meal group and corn gluten meal group in 6 hour after meal. His, pro and Arg had the change with higher amino acid concentration in each experimental group in 6h after meal(P<0.05); and Gly had the change with lower amino acid concentration (P<0.05).showed that His, pro and Arg were not easy degraded in rumen and Gly were easy used by bacterios.
Part 2. The release of peptide and free amino acid is not related by degradation of protein source feed There are the most release of peptide in the first hour,and different proportion of peptide to free amino acid, feeded different protein sources feed. The average proportion of amino acid of peptide to total amino acid ,72.28%(soybean meal)，90.99%(fish meal group)，91.90%(corn gluten meal).
Part 3 The AA form of peptide in the rumen are similar in each experimental group, Asp,Glu,Tyr and His had higer amino acid concentration in 6 hour after meal, in the amino acid concentration of peptides from 1h to 6h after meal, Glu,Tyr,Val and Leu Had the changes with higher amino acid concentration. .showed that Asp,Glu,Tyr and His were not easy degraded in rumen
引文
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8 Nolan, J. V. 1993. Nitrogen kinetics.Pages 123-163 in Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism. J. M. Forbes and J. France. CAB International Wallingford, UK.
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10 Djjkstra, J. 1994. Simulation of the dynamics of protozoa in the rumen. Br. J.Nutr. 72:679-699.
11 孟庆翔，2001.《奶牛营养需要》.56-60
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2 Wallace, R. J. 1996. Ruminal microbial metabolism of peptides and amino acids. J. Nutr. 126: 13 26S-1334S.
3 Kopency, J., and R. J. Wallace. 1982. Cellular location and some properties of proteolytic enzymes of rumen bacteria. Appl. Eviron. Microbiol. 43:1026-1033.
4 Broderick, G. A. 1998. Can cell-free enzymes replace rumen microorganisms to model energy and protein supply? Pages 99-114
5 Journy, J. P. 1996. Effect of rumen protozoa on nitrogen utilization by ruminants. J. Nutr. 126:1335S-1346S.
6 Journy, J. P., and K.Ushida. 1999. The role of protozoa in feed digestion. Review. AJAS 12:113-128.
7 Hino, T., and J. B. Russell. 1987. Relative contributions of ruminal bacteria and protozoa to the degradation of protein in vitro. J. Anim. Sci. 64:261-270.
8 Nolan, J. V. 1993. Nitrogen kinetics.Pages 123-163 in Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism. J. M. Forbes and J. France. CAB International Wallingford, UK.
9 Coleman, G. S. 1985. Possible causes of high death rate of ciliate protozoa in the rumen. J. Agric. Sci., Camb.105:39-43.
10 Djjkstra, J. 1994. Simulation of the dynamics of protozoa in the rumen. Br. J.Nutr. 72:679-699.
11 孟庆翔，2001.《奶牛营养需要》.56-60
12 Russell. J. B., C. J. Sniffen, P. J. Van Soest. 1983. Effect of carbohydrate limitation of degradation and utilization of casein by mixed rumen bacteria. J. Dairy Sci. 66:763-775.
13 Griswold, K. E., W. H. Hoover, T. K. Miller and W. J. Thayne. 1996. Effect of form of nitrogen on growth of ruminal microbials in continuous culture. J. Anim. Sci. 74:483-491.
14 Russell, J. B. and Robinson, P. H. 1984. Composition and characteristics of strains of streptococcus bovis. J. Dairy Sci. 67:1525-1531.
15 Russell, J. B., J. D. O,Connor, D. G. Fox, P. J. Van Soest, C. J. Sniffen. 1992. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: I. Ruminal Fermentation. J. Anim. Sci. 70: 3551-3561.
16 Atasoglu, C. 1996. Influence of different nitrogen sources on rumen fermentation and ammonia assimilation. M.Sc Thesis University of Aberdeen.
17 Jones, D. F., Hoover, W. H. and Miller, T. K., Webster. 1998. Effects of concentration of peptides
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18 Wallace R. J. and N.Mckain. 1998. Role of peptides in rumen microbial metabolism.In: Proceedings Pro—conference Symposia. The 8th World Conference on Animal Production, P581-586.
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