大规模突发事件救援物资联动调运优化模型与算法研究
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摘要
近年来,突发公共事件频繁发生,对突发公共事件的应急管理问题已引起政府、社会乃至学术界的高度关注。在国外,许多国家都十分重视危机发生时政府间的纵横向互助合作,并将这种合作以法律的形式固定下来,以便在必要时快捷、有序调动各方面的资源。我国在重特大突发公共事件的应急处置工作中,需要中央政府启动应急响应,在国务院统一领导以及军队、区际政府的增援下,开展有效救援,减少损失和迅速恢复正常状态。突发公共事件应急管理体系中,应急物流是应急响应运作中的-个重要组成部分,是保障救援活动得以开展的基础和前提条件,而救援物资调运是应急物流的一个重要活动环节,几乎所有重特大突发公共事件的处理,都伴随着军队和区际政府组织实施的大规模联动调运应急救援物资的活动,为灾区政府应对突发事件提供必要的物质保障。然而,目前有关应急物资调运问题的研究,大多针对调度系统前端、紧密联系灾区需求方的救援物资配送问题,而缺乏对调度系统后端、需要无缝连接灾区应急物资配送中心的救援物资联动调运优化问题的研究。
借鉴国外处置突发公共事件的有益经验,深入研究我国政府问协同开展应急救援的实际情况,以便切实有效地整合政府间应急救援力量,发挥联动应急救援的协同效应。本文以区际政府联动调运救援物资为背景,从节点、路径优化和动态调拨规划的角度,对三类调度优化关键问题展开了较为深入的研究。主要研究内容如下：
(1)以集成化供应链管理中的精益一协同物流运作模式,分析大规模救援物资调度低效运作的原因,然后深入探讨亟待优化的三个关键问题：中转运输网点的定位问题、管控路径决策问题和动态调拨规划问题,并指出这类涉及因素较复杂的非线性运输问题的求解,需要根据问题的特性构造有效的启发式算法,而遗传算法是求解复杂组合优化问题的有效工具。
(2)为提高大规模突发事件救援物资联动调运的效率,发挥枢纽节点在过远运输中的集散式转运功能,将设施网点定位与转运问题相结合,建立了两类中转网点定位模型：一类是从整个调运系统运作最优的角度,确定最少中转网点数目的定位模型；另一类是从应急服务归责考虑,定位确定数目的中转网点并分派各自全责服务对象的定位—配给模型。针对非线性中转网点的定位问题,设计了一种基于协进化原理、运用矩阵编码的多目标遗传算法；而对于高维稀疏矩阵编码且具有强约束限制的定位一配给问题,交叉运算必然引起违反约束的不可行解,据此设计了只执行变异算子的定位(向)变异多目标遗传算法,并在初始化过程中采取搜索空间限定法来规避违约。最后通过算例分析验证了模型和算法的有效性。
(3)针对救援物资联动调运中的管控路径决策问题,考虑中转网点兼具供应源与转运的双重角色,构造了两类非线性函数：关于节点流量的函数和关于弧流量的函数。据此把救援物资联动调运中的管控路径决策问题转化为具有节点流量权值和弧流量权值的非线性转运问题,目标函数是整个联动调运系统的总成本和旅行时间最小化。在算法流程设计中,为提高标准遗传算法求解非线性运输问题的寻优速度和寻优效能,参照费用矩阵标杆的寻优导向信息,来指导种群中各个个体局部的精细搜索空间,通过数值计算分析验证了该算法能够较好地获取问题的Pareto最优解。
(4)基于应急救援中灾区对多品种应急物资的持续消耗,综合考虑各阶段调度费用、运输费用和库存费用总和最小化的救援物资中转调度安排和库存规划,建立了个救援物资联动调运中的动态调拨规划模型。鉴于非线性组合优化问题,高变异比率会增强局部搜索能力,算法流程中设计了以状态矩阵模块表示编码,执行扫描变异的改进遗传算法,算例寻优过程表明该算法能获得良好的收敛性能。
合理规划救援物资的联动调运,目的是使灾区政府在中央与区际政府的援助下,快速恢复灾区社会、经济和生活秩序。随着我国应急管理体系建设的逐步完善,救援物资联动调运优化问题的深入研究,将推动政府间联动应急救援运作系统的建设。
In recent years, with the frequent occurrence of public emergencies, the government, society and academe have attached high importance to emergency management. While a crisis occurring, much emphasis was put into the intergovernmental mutual cooperation in many countries, and the mutual cooperation was established in legal form so that emergency organization can quickly and methodically mobilize various resources. The central government launched emergency response in China in the emergency disposal of major public emergency, and carried out effective relief, reduced disaster losses and rapidly recovered under the unified leadership of the State Council and the support of the military and the inter-regional government. Emergency logistics was an important part of emergency response operation and was the foundation, prerequisite conditions of the relief activities conducting successfully, accordingly, the transportation of relief materials was a key link of emergency logistics, almost all of the major public emergency disposal, the large-scale transportation of relief materials was organized and implemented by inter-regional government to provide the necessary materials for the affected areas. However, most of the transportation problems of the relief materials were of materials distribution problems of the disaster areas based on the front-end scheduling system, lack of research on the integrated optimization problem in joint allocation and transportation of large-scale relief materials, seamlessly connecting to the distribution center of disaster areas based on the back-end scheduling system.
We drew the useful experience of the emergency disposal from other countries for reference, which would facilitate further study of the actual situation of the intergovernmental cooperation emergency rescue, integrate effectively the intergovernmental emergency rescue force to play a synergistic effect of joint emergency rescue. Therefore, in this paper based on the joint allocation and transportation of inter-regional relief materials, the three key problems of integrated optimization were studied from the node, path and dynamic allocation point of view. The study mainly included the following:
(1)Through analyzing the causes of operation inefficiency in joint allocation and transportation of large-scale relief materials based on the lean-collaborative logistics operation of integrated supply chain management, the three key problems of integrated optimization were discussed:transshipment nodes location problem, the problem of traffic control preferred path and dynamic allocation programming, and pointed out that these complex nonlinear transportation problems solving need to construct the effective heuristic algorithm, and that genetic algorithm was an effective tool to solve the complex combinatorial optimization problem.
(2)Facility location and transshipment problem for the collector-distributor nature of transshipment nodes in large-scale, long-distance joint transportation were combined, and two location model for transshipment nodes of relief materials were developed. The location model objective was to locate the minimum number of transshipment nodes from the optimal operation of the entire transportation, while the location-allocation model objective was to locate the given number of transshipment nodes and to assign the affected cities from emergency service responsibility. Accordingly, a matrix-based co-evolutionary multi-objective genetic algorithm was proposed to solve the location model, and a matrix-baseb orientation mutation multi-objective genetic algorithm was also developed to solve the location-allocation problem with high-dimensional sparse matrix-based encoding and strong constraints. Moreover, due to the infeasible solution of violating constraints in the process of crossover operation, search space constraint strategy was adopted in the initialization.
(3)According to the problem of traffic control preferred path in joint allocation and transportation of relief materials, the transshipment node's double function of supply origin and transshipment were considered, and two kinds of nonlinear functions were constructed: the node flow-based function and the arc flow-based function. In view of the above, the problem of traffic control preferred path was transformed into the nonlinear transshipment problem with node flow weight and arc flow weight, and a model of traffic control preferred path was developed to minimize the total costs and travel time. In the algorithm design process, in order to solve the defect of poor search ability and bad optimal result precision of the simple genetic algorithm, the cost matrix of optimization-oriented benchmarking information was considered to guide each individual to the fine local search space, and the numerical analysis results showed that many Pareto optimal solutions could be effectively obtained.
(4)From the perspective of transshipment scheduling and inventory planning based on the continuous consumption of relief materials in the process of disaster rescue, a dynamic decision-making model for the dynamic allocation scheduling of relief materials was proposed to minimize the total scheduling costs, transportation costs and inventory costs. As for the large-scale nonlinear combinatorial optimization problem, higher mutation probability could strengthen local search ability. Therefore, a state matrix module-based scan mutation improved genetic algorithm was also proposed to solve the model. Numerical optimization process showed that the proposed genetic algorithm could obtain a better convergence performance.
The joint allocation and transportation of relief materials should be rationally planned, which would make for the rapid restoration to the affected areas of social, economic and life order under the unified leadership of the central government and the support of inter-regional government. With the gradual improvement of emergency management system, research on the integrated optimization problem of joint allocation and transportation of relief materials will promote the construction of intergovernmental collaborative emergency operation system.
借鉴国外处置突发公共事件的有益经验,深入研究我国政府问协同开展应急救援的实际情况,以便切实有效地整合政府间应急救援力量,发挥联动应急救援的协同效应。本文以区际政府联动调运救援物资为背景,从节点、路径优化和动态调拨规划的角度,对三类调度优化关键问题展开了较为深入的研究。主要研究内容如下：
(1)以集成化供应链管理中的精益一协同物流运作模式,分析大规模救援物资调度低效运作的原因,然后深入探讨亟待优化的三个关键问题：中转运输网点的定位问题、管控路径决策问题和动态调拨规划问题,并指出这类涉及因素较复杂的非线性运输问题的求解,需要根据问题的特性构造有效的启发式算法,而遗传算法是求解复杂组合优化问题的有效工具。
(2)为提高大规模突发事件救援物资联动调运的效率,发挥枢纽节点在过远运输中的集散式转运功能,将设施网点定位与转运问题相结合,建立了两类中转网点定位模型：一类是从整个调运系统运作最优的角度,确定最少中转网点数目的定位模型；另一类是从应急服务归责考虑,定位确定数目的中转网点并分派各自全责服务对象的定位—配给模型。针对非线性中转网点的定位问题,设计了一种基于协进化原理、运用矩阵编码的多目标遗传算法；而对于高维稀疏矩阵编码且具有强约束限制的定位一配给问题,交叉运算必然引起违反约束的不可行解,据此设计了只执行变异算子的定位(向)变异多目标遗传算法,并在初始化过程中采取搜索空间限定法来规避违约。最后通过算例分析验证了模型和算法的有效性。
(3)针对救援物资联动调运中的管控路径决策问题,考虑中转网点兼具供应源与转运的双重角色,构造了两类非线性函数：关于节点流量的函数和关于弧流量的函数。据此把救援物资联动调运中的管控路径决策问题转化为具有节点流量权值和弧流量权值的非线性转运问题,目标函数是整个联动调运系统的总成本和旅行时间最小化。在算法流程设计中,为提高标准遗传算法求解非线性运输问题的寻优速度和寻优效能,参照费用矩阵标杆的寻优导向信息,来指导种群中各个个体局部的精细搜索空间,通过数值计算分析验证了该算法能够较好地获取问题的Pareto最优解。
(4)基于应急救援中灾区对多品种应急物资的持续消耗,综合考虑各阶段调度费用、运输费用和库存费用总和最小化的救援物资中转调度安排和库存规划,建立了个救援物资联动调运中的动态调拨规划模型。鉴于非线性组合优化问题,高变异比率会增强局部搜索能力,算法流程中设计了以状态矩阵模块表示编码,执行扫描变异的改进遗传算法,算例寻优过程表明该算法能获得良好的收敛性能。
合理规划救援物资的联动调运,目的是使灾区政府在中央与区际政府的援助下,快速恢复灾区社会、经济和生活秩序。随着我国应急管理体系建设的逐步完善,救援物资联动调运优化问题的深入研究,将推动政府间联动应急救援运作系统的建设。
In recent years, with the frequent occurrence of public emergencies, the government, society and academe have attached high importance to emergency management. While a crisis occurring, much emphasis was put into the intergovernmental mutual cooperation in many countries, and the mutual cooperation was established in legal form so that emergency organization can quickly and methodically mobilize various resources. The central government launched emergency response in China in the emergency disposal of major public emergency, and carried out effective relief, reduced disaster losses and rapidly recovered under the unified leadership of the State Council and the support of the military and the inter-regional government. Emergency logistics was an important part of emergency response operation and was the foundation, prerequisite conditions of the relief activities conducting successfully, accordingly, the transportation of relief materials was a key link of emergency logistics, almost all of the major public emergency disposal, the large-scale transportation of relief materials was organized and implemented by inter-regional government to provide the necessary materials for the affected areas. However, most of the transportation problems of the relief materials were of materials distribution problems of the disaster areas based on the front-end scheduling system, lack of research on the integrated optimization problem in joint allocation and transportation of large-scale relief materials, seamlessly connecting to the distribution center of disaster areas based on the back-end scheduling system.
We drew the useful experience of the emergency disposal from other countries for reference, which would facilitate further study of the actual situation of the intergovernmental cooperation emergency rescue, integrate effectively the intergovernmental emergency rescue force to play a synergistic effect of joint emergency rescue. Therefore, in this paper based on the joint allocation and transportation of inter-regional relief materials, the three key problems of integrated optimization were studied from the node, path and dynamic allocation point of view. The study mainly included the following:
(1)Through analyzing the causes of operation inefficiency in joint allocation and transportation of large-scale relief materials based on the lean-collaborative logistics operation of integrated supply chain management, the three key problems of integrated optimization were discussed:transshipment nodes location problem, the problem of traffic control preferred path and dynamic allocation programming, and pointed out that these complex nonlinear transportation problems solving need to construct the effective heuristic algorithm, and that genetic algorithm was an effective tool to solve the complex combinatorial optimization problem.
(2)Facility location and transshipment problem for the collector-distributor nature of transshipment nodes in large-scale, long-distance joint transportation were combined, and two location model for transshipment nodes of relief materials were developed. The location model objective was to locate the minimum number of transshipment nodes from the optimal operation of the entire transportation, while the location-allocation model objective was to locate the given number of transshipment nodes and to assign the affected cities from emergency service responsibility. Accordingly, a matrix-based co-evolutionary multi-objective genetic algorithm was proposed to solve the location model, and a matrix-baseb orientation mutation multi-objective genetic algorithm was also developed to solve the location-allocation problem with high-dimensional sparse matrix-based encoding and strong constraints. Moreover, due to the infeasible solution of violating constraints in the process of crossover operation, search space constraint strategy was adopted in the initialization.
(3)According to the problem of traffic control preferred path in joint allocation and transportation of relief materials, the transshipment node's double function of supply origin and transshipment were considered, and two kinds of nonlinear functions were constructed: the node flow-based function and the arc flow-based function. In view of the above, the problem of traffic control preferred path was transformed into the nonlinear transshipment problem with node flow weight and arc flow weight, and a model of traffic control preferred path was developed to minimize the total costs and travel time. In the algorithm design process, in order to solve the defect of poor search ability and bad optimal result precision of the simple genetic algorithm, the cost matrix of optimization-oriented benchmarking information was considered to guide each individual to the fine local search space, and the numerical analysis results showed that many Pareto optimal solutions could be effectively obtained.
(4)From the perspective of transshipment scheduling and inventory planning based on the continuous consumption of relief materials in the process of disaster rescue, a dynamic decision-making model for the dynamic allocation scheduling of relief materials was proposed to minimize the total scheduling costs, transportation costs and inventory costs. As for the large-scale nonlinear combinatorial optimization problem, higher mutation probability could strengthen local search ability. Therefore, a state matrix module-based scan mutation improved genetic algorithm was also proposed to solve the model. Numerical optimization process showed that the proposed genetic algorithm could obtain a better convergence performance.
The joint allocation and transportation of relief materials should be rationally planned, which would make for the rapid restoration to the affected areas of social, economic and life order under the unified leadership of the central government and the support of inter-regional government. With the gradual improvement of emergency management system, research on the integrated optimization problem of joint allocation and transportation of relief materials will promote the construction of intergovernmental collaborative emergency operation system.
引文
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