丹参生长模拟模型及活性成分积累的调控研究
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摘要
模拟模型的研究与建立是当今农业科学研究中最为活跃的领域之一,其研究为农业信息化管理创造了条件。模拟模型在指导农业生产和增加农作物产量方面有着重要的意义。丹参作为药用作物近年来栽培面积逐渐增加。因此建立丹参生长模拟模型在指导丹参栽培、以获得高产、优质的丹参药材中具有重要意义。
本文通过大田试验、盆栽试验结合室内分析研究移栽日期、密度、氮肥、水分对丹参生长和活性成分积累的影响。主要研究结果如下:
1以生长度日法模拟计算出丹参主茎各叶龄的生长度日。丹参主茎叶龄为18叶,各叶龄出现所需的生长度日分别为:11.7,32.5,14.4,19.5,59.4,19.3,34.6,40.9,23.9℃·d,完成总叶龄需256.0℃·d。对所建立的生长度日进行检验结果表明丹参主茎叶龄出现模拟时间与观测值最大不超过5天,丹参主茎总叶龄出现时间误差不超过3天,总的RMSE为2.52。结果表明生长度日法能较好的预测丹参主茎叶龄的出现。
2以生长度日法建立的丹参相对叶面积指数增长模拟模型为:y = 0.006 ? 0.2773 x + 5.4149 x 2 ? 4.7189x3。丹参叶面积指数动态变化分3个阶段:(1)移栽后叶面积指数变化速度逐渐增加,直至叶面积指数变化加速度最大,此时期需要880℃·d;(2)叶面积指数增加,但是叶面积指数变化加速度减小直至叶面积指数出现最大值,丹参叶面积指数达到最大值所需要的生长度日为1699℃·d;(3)叶面积指数减小直至收获期。经分析检验得知,该模型能较好的解释丹参叶面积指数的动态变化。
3由CurveExpert 1.3软件对丹参根干重的动态变化曲线进行拟合,得出丹参根干重增长的模拟模型为: y = 1+ e14. .67241?3 54.1861x由该方程得出丹参移栽出苗后进入根系快速生长期需要1900℃·d的生长度日,高于2200℃·d的生长度日,丹参根干重增加速度减缓。对该方程进行检验得知,该方程能很好的解释丹参根干重的变化动态。
4高效液相色谱法测定丹参根中六种活性成分含量的动态变化,并对其进行相关性分析,结果表明,丹酚酸B与迷迭香酸、总水溶性成份显著相关,丹参酮IIA与二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ、总酮类成分显著相关。因此丹酚酸B和丹参酮IIA含量可代表丹参活性成分含量的变化动态,丹酚酸B含量随时间呈现“W”型变化趋势,而丹参酮IIA含量呈现“M”型曲线。
5综合分析不同移栽日期、密度处理对丹参生长和活性成分含量的变化。结果表明,丹参地上部产量在冬栽条件下随密度的增加而减小,春栽Ⅰ和春栽Ⅱ栽培条件丹参地上部产量随移栽密度增加而增加;丹参根产量、活性成分含量随不同移栽期和密度处理下无显著变化规律。丹酚酸B产量2009年栽培条件不同移栽日期均在25cm×25cm处理下最高,2010年栽培中同一移栽日期丹酚酸B产量均随密度的减小而减小。丹参酮IIA产量在冬栽条件下均随密度的减小而降低,在春栽条件下无显著变化规律。
6设置不同的施肥处理,用Li-6400光合仪测定丹参光合响应曲线,并分析相应处理下丹参的生长和活性成分含量的变化。结果表明:施用单一氮肥和混合肥均能增加丹参叶片的净光合速率,N20处理可增加丹参叶片的蒸腾速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度、气孔导度。丹参的光饱和点与光补偿点在N10处理下降低,N20处理下升高,而混合肥处理下前者升高后者降低。施肥显著增加了丹参的地上部产量。丹参根产量在施用氮肥处理下影响不显著,混合肥处理使其显著增加。丹参六种活性成分含量均在施肥处理下显著降低,丹酚酸B和丹参酮IIA产量显著降低。
7通过盆栽试验研究不同干旱胁迫处理(适宜水分、中度胁迫、重度胁迫)下丹参生长和活性成分积累的变化。结果显示:与适宜水分相比,中度胁迫和重度胁迫处理显著降低了丹参的地上部干重、根干重,显著增加了丹酚酸B、二氢丹参酮、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参酮ⅡA的含量。丹参根中迷迭香酸含量在干旱胁迫处理下显著降低。综上所述,干旱胁迫下丹参根中丹酚酸B产量显著降低,丹参酮IIA产量显著升高。
Crop simulation model is the agricultural scientific research, one of the most active field of research for the agricultural informatization management creates conditions. It is of significant importance for guiding agricultural production and increasing crop yield. Salvia miltiorrhiza, one of the traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, has important pharmacological activity. In China, S. miltiorrhiza is considered as medicinal crop, its the cultivated area is increasing gradually. Therefore, the growth simulation model is very important for guiding cultivation and obtaining high-yield, high-quality herbs of S. miltiorrhiza.
2-year field experiment and 1-year pot experiment were conducted to investigate the effect of growth and active constituents in S. miltiorrhiza under transplanted date, density, fertilization and drought stress treatment. The results showed as follows,
1 Different transplanted date and density treatments were used to study the influence of growing degree days (GDD) on the main stem leave age of S. miltiorrhiza. GDD was calculated with a base temperature of 10℃. The total leave number of S. miltiorrhiza was 18(9 paris). GDD of each pair leave was 11.7,32.5,14.4,19.5,59.4,19.3,34.6,40.9,23.9℃·d respectively, that of the total leave age was 256.0℃·d. Validation of these GDD showed the error of predicted time was less than 5d between observed values and simulated values. Total RMSE was 2.52d. The results showed these parameters can predict the main stem leave age of S. miltiorrhiza accurately.
2 By using 2 transplanted date and 3 density treatments experiment data, the simulated model of normalized leave area index of S. miltiorrhiza was y = 0.006 ? 0.2773 x + 5.4149 x 2 ? 4.7189x3.
The equation showed the LAI model contained 3 consecutive phases. After transplanted, LAI of S. miltiorrhiza was increasing, acceleration of LAI was maximum when the GDD was 880℃·d, LAI reached the maximum value when the GDD was 1699℃·d. Then the LAI was decreasing. The model can explain LAI dynamic of S. miltiorrhiza.
3 Dynamic root dry weight of S. miltiorrhiza was measured and simulated with CurveExpert 1.3. The result showed simulated model of normalized root dry weight was as follows, 4.721 5.18611.6434y = 1+ e ?x the root dry weight increased in all growth phase and the root swelling period needed the GDD higher than 1900℃·d, this stage finished when the GDD was more than 2200℃·d. Model test showed that this model can explain root dry weight dynamic of S. miltiorrhiza.
4 Six active constituents content of S. miltiorrhiza were determined by HPLC. Correlation coefficients were analysed among these six active constituents, total hydrophilic constituents, total tanshinones. The results indicated that salvianolic acid B was positive related to total hydrophilic constituents and rosmarinic acid. A significantly positive correlation was observed in tanshinone II A and the other three tanshinones, total tanshinones. The dynamic of salvianolic acid B and tanshinone II A can represented the active constituents content of S. miltiorrhiza. In the whole growth period, the content of salvianolic acid B changed like‘W’, the tanshinone II A like‘M’.
5 Growth and active constituents of S. miltiorrhiza at harvest time were investigated and the results showed that the aerial yield was improved with high density in T1, and that was decreased in T2 and T3. Root yield and the contents of active constituents had no significant rule among the transplanted date and density treatments. The highest yield of salvianolic acid B was observed in 25cm×25cm treatment in 2009, salvianolic acid B yield was increased with density in 2010. Tanshinone II A yield was increased with high density in T1, no rule was observed in T2 and T3.
6 Photosynthetic light-response characteristics, growth, active constituents of S. miltiorrhiza was measured under different fertilization treatments. The results showed that compared to CK treatment, the net photosynthetic rate and the maximum net photosynthetic rate was increased significantly under N10,N20,MX treatment. The values of transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration and stomatal conductance were increased significantly under N20 treatment. The values of light saturation point and light compensation point were decreased in N10 treatment, increased in N20 treatment; but in MX treatment, the former was increased, the later decreased. The aerial yield of S. miltiorrhiza was increased significantly under fertilization treatment, but the root yield had no significant increase under single nitrogen fertilization, mixture fertilization made the root yield increase remarkably. The content of active constituents, yield of salvianolic acid B and tanshinone II A was significant decreased under fertilization treatment.
7 Used pot experiment, three water treatments were conducted to investigate changes of growth and active constituents in S. miltiorrhiza. The result showed that drought stress significantly decreased both shoot and root dry weight in S. miltiorrhiza, but increased the root to shoot ratio at later growth cycle. Except rosmarinic acid, the other active constituents content increased under drought stress conditions. Drought stress significantly decreased salvianolic acid B yield, but increased that of tanshinone IIA.
本文通过大田试验、盆栽试验结合室内分析研究移栽日期、密度、氮肥、水分对丹参生长和活性成分积累的影响。主要研究结果如下:
1以生长度日法模拟计算出丹参主茎各叶龄的生长度日。丹参主茎叶龄为18叶,各叶龄出现所需的生长度日分别为:11.7,32.5,14.4,19.5,59.4,19.3,34.6,40.9,23.9℃·d,完成总叶龄需256.0℃·d。对所建立的生长度日进行检验结果表明丹参主茎叶龄出现模拟时间与观测值最大不超过5天,丹参主茎总叶龄出现时间误差不超过3天,总的RMSE为2.52。结果表明生长度日法能较好的预测丹参主茎叶龄的出现。
2以生长度日法建立的丹参相对叶面积指数增长模拟模型为:y = 0.006 ? 0.2773 x + 5.4149 x 2 ? 4.7189x3。丹参叶面积指数动态变化分3个阶段:(1)移栽后叶面积指数变化速度逐渐增加,直至叶面积指数变化加速度最大,此时期需要880℃·d;(2)叶面积指数增加,但是叶面积指数变化加速度减小直至叶面积指数出现最大值,丹参叶面积指数达到最大值所需要的生长度日为1699℃·d;(3)叶面积指数减小直至收获期。经分析检验得知,该模型能较好的解释丹参叶面积指数的动态变化。
3由CurveExpert 1.3软件对丹参根干重的动态变化曲线进行拟合,得出丹参根干重增长的模拟模型为: y = 1+ e14. .67241?3 54.1861x由该方程得出丹参移栽出苗后进入根系快速生长期需要1900℃·d的生长度日,高于2200℃·d的生长度日,丹参根干重增加速度减缓。对该方程进行检验得知,该方程能很好的解释丹参根干重的变化动态。
4高效液相色谱法测定丹参根中六种活性成分含量的动态变化,并对其进行相关性分析,结果表明,丹酚酸B与迷迭香酸、总水溶性成份显著相关,丹参酮IIA与二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ、总酮类成分显著相关。因此丹酚酸B和丹参酮IIA含量可代表丹参活性成分含量的变化动态,丹酚酸B含量随时间呈现“W”型变化趋势,而丹参酮IIA含量呈现“M”型曲线。
5综合分析不同移栽日期、密度处理对丹参生长和活性成分含量的变化。结果表明,丹参地上部产量在冬栽条件下随密度的增加而减小,春栽Ⅰ和春栽Ⅱ栽培条件丹参地上部产量随移栽密度增加而增加;丹参根产量、活性成分含量随不同移栽期和密度处理下无显著变化规律。丹酚酸B产量2009年栽培条件不同移栽日期均在25cm×25cm处理下最高,2010年栽培中同一移栽日期丹酚酸B产量均随密度的减小而减小。丹参酮IIA产量在冬栽条件下均随密度的减小而降低,在春栽条件下无显著变化规律。
6设置不同的施肥处理,用Li-6400光合仪测定丹参光合响应曲线,并分析相应处理下丹参的生长和活性成分含量的变化。结果表明:施用单一氮肥和混合肥均能增加丹参叶片的净光合速率,N20处理可增加丹参叶片的蒸腾速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度、气孔导度。丹参的光饱和点与光补偿点在N10处理下降低,N20处理下升高,而混合肥处理下前者升高后者降低。施肥显著增加了丹参的地上部产量。丹参根产量在施用氮肥处理下影响不显著,混合肥处理使其显著增加。丹参六种活性成分含量均在施肥处理下显著降低,丹酚酸B和丹参酮IIA产量显著降低。
7通过盆栽试验研究不同干旱胁迫处理(适宜水分、中度胁迫、重度胁迫)下丹参生长和活性成分积累的变化。结果显示:与适宜水分相比,中度胁迫和重度胁迫处理显著降低了丹参的地上部干重、根干重,显著增加了丹酚酸B、二氢丹参酮、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参酮ⅡA的含量。丹参根中迷迭香酸含量在干旱胁迫处理下显著降低。综上所述,干旱胁迫下丹参根中丹酚酸B产量显著降低,丹参酮IIA产量显著升高。
Crop simulation model is the agricultural scientific research, one of the most active field of research for the agricultural informatization management creates conditions. It is of significant importance for guiding agricultural production and increasing crop yield. Salvia miltiorrhiza, one of the traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, has important pharmacological activity. In China, S. miltiorrhiza is considered as medicinal crop, its the cultivated area is increasing gradually. Therefore, the growth simulation model is very important for guiding cultivation and obtaining high-yield, high-quality herbs of S. miltiorrhiza.
2-year field experiment and 1-year pot experiment were conducted to investigate the effect of growth and active constituents in S. miltiorrhiza under transplanted date, density, fertilization and drought stress treatment. The results showed as follows,
1 Different transplanted date and density treatments were used to study the influence of growing degree days (GDD) on the main stem leave age of S. miltiorrhiza. GDD was calculated with a base temperature of 10℃. The total leave number of S. miltiorrhiza was 18(9 paris). GDD of each pair leave was 11.7,32.5,14.4,19.5,59.4,19.3,34.6,40.9,23.9℃·d respectively, that of the total leave age was 256.0℃·d. Validation of these GDD showed the error of predicted time was less than 5d between observed values and simulated values. Total RMSE was 2.52d. The results showed these parameters can predict the main stem leave age of S. miltiorrhiza accurately.
2 By using 2 transplanted date and 3 density treatments experiment data, the simulated model of normalized leave area index of S. miltiorrhiza was y = 0.006 ? 0.2773 x + 5.4149 x 2 ? 4.7189x3.
The equation showed the LAI model contained 3 consecutive phases. After transplanted, LAI of S. miltiorrhiza was increasing, acceleration of LAI was maximum when the GDD was 880℃·d, LAI reached the maximum value when the GDD was 1699℃·d. Then the LAI was decreasing. The model can explain LAI dynamic of S. miltiorrhiza.
3 Dynamic root dry weight of S. miltiorrhiza was measured and simulated with CurveExpert 1.3. The result showed simulated model of normalized root dry weight was as follows, 4.721 5.18611.6434y = 1+ e ?x the root dry weight increased in all growth phase and the root swelling period needed the GDD higher than 1900℃·d, this stage finished when the GDD was more than 2200℃·d. Model test showed that this model can explain root dry weight dynamic of S. miltiorrhiza.
4 Six active constituents content of S. miltiorrhiza were determined by HPLC. Correlation coefficients were analysed among these six active constituents, total hydrophilic constituents, total tanshinones. The results indicated that salvianolic acid B was positive related to total hydrophilic constituents and rosmarinic acid. A significantly positive correlation was observed in tanshinone II A and the other three tanshinones, total tanshinones. The dynamic of salvianolic acid B and tanshinone II A can represented the active constituents content of S. miltiorrhiza. In the whole growth period, the content of salvianolic acid B changed like‘W’, the tanshinone II A like‘M’.
5 Growth and active constituents of S. miltiorrhiza at harvest time were investigated and the results showed that the aerial yield was improved with high density in T1, and that was decreased in T2 and T3. Root yield and the contents of active constituents had no significant rule among the transplanted date and density treatments. The highest yield of salvianolic acid B was observed in 25cm×25cm treatment in 2009, salvianolic acid B yield was increased with density in 2010. Tanshinone II A yield was increased with high density in T1, no rule was observed in T2 and T3.
6 Photosynthetic light-response characteristics, growth, active constituents of S. miltiorrhiza was measured under different fertilization treatments. The results showed that compared to CK treatment, the net photosynthetic rate and the maximum net photosynthetic rate was increased significantly under N10,N20,MX treatment. The values of transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration and stomatal conductance were increased significantly under N20 treatment. The values of light saturation point and light compensation point were decreased in N10 treatment, increased in N20 treatment; but in MX treatment, the former was increased, the later decreased. The aerial yield of S. miltiorrhiza was increased significantly under fertilization treatment, but the root yield had no significant increase under single nitrogen fertilization, mixture fertilization made the root yield increase remarkably. The content of active constituents, yield of salvianolic acid B and tanshinone II A was significant decreased under fertilization treatment.
7 Used pot experiment, three water treatments were conducted to investigate changes of growth and active constituents in S. miltiorrhiza. The result showed that drought stress significantly decreased both shoot and root dry weight in S. miltiorrhiza, but increased the root to shoot ratio at later growth cycle. Except rosmarinic acid, the other active constituents content increased under drought stress conditions. Drought stress significantly decreased salvianolic acid B yield, but increased that of tanshinone IIA.
引文
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