地学G~4I系统中数据集成技术研究
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摘要
20世纪中后期,随着地学与计算机技术的飞速发展,地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,简称GIS)作为一种跨学科综合技术,被引进到国民经济的各个层面。地质学中引进GIS技术是在上世纪90年代,在地学数据集成与地学决策等方面取得了丰富的成果。由于地质学问题的复杂性与地质学研究的跨学科性,面对海量空间地学数据,在数据处理分析上急需提供一种集多源地学数据库为一体的地学分析平台。
基于这一构想,吉林大学研制开发了“地学G~4I系统”。这是一种以4G(即Geology地质学、Geography地理学、Geochemistry地球化学、Geophysics地球物理学)数据库及其集成分析方法为内核,建立地学空间数据分析模型集合,为矿产资源精细化预测提供全过程服务的计算机系统。
由于地质体乃至矿床形成过程的多期性与多源性,地球空间数据(简称地学数据)内容和形式日趋多元化,目标分析要求使用多种数据源。而多源数据在来源、内容、作用、格式转换及尺度上均不相同,因此需要进行数据集成。所谓数据集成是指通过使用各类数据转换工具,把不同来源、格式、特点性质的数据,有机地集中到本系统中来,成为本系统可以识别的数据形式,从而为企业提供全面的数据共享。
本文通过地学G~4I系统研制过程中的一系列任务实现过程,包括理论研究、目标分析、系统设计、关键技术、特色设计及平台选择等六部分来阐述空间数据库集成问题。在大量文献材料阅读基础上,概括介绍数据集成的定义、类型、要求、目标,探讨数据集成的理论基础、对数据集成的研究现状与发展趋势做综合分析,对数据集成系统结构及数据集成的关键问题进行探讨。文中阐述了元数据的定义、类型、内容和作用,对元数据标准及研究现状进行了探讨,重点探讨地学G~4I系统中元数据的设计构架与设计内容,建立元数据管理系统,且针对元数据集成中的关键问题提出解决方案;接着又介绍了互操作定义和空间数据互操作方法,重点论述了地学G~4I系统中的4G地学数据库的设计,及4G地学数据库之间、空间数据之间的格式转换和互操作技术问题;并通过地理数据与地质数据的预处理,以及物探数据与化探数据的特征提取技术,分析研究空间数据的特征提取技术;最后介绍了地学G~4I系统空间数据的质量保障体系。
空间数据集成技术的研究是地学G~4I系统的基础,为该系统在元数据、空间数据库互操作等诸项内容提供了技术保证。有关该系统的后续升级问题都涉及到数据集成问题,因此数据集成技术研究在该系统研究过程中具有举足轻重的作用。
In early 1980s, Geographic Information System as a multidisciplinary integrated technology is introduced to the domestic, and has made abundant technical achievements and innovation in geological spatial data integration and spatial decision etc. But because geological space position of the earth's crust, makes many geological problems "black box" features, and makes GIS application’s results compared with geography research and space remote sensing relatively lags behind, especially the model of geographical spatial does not apply to geological space model. To further develop GIS, it is necessary to research the evaluation system based on space digital database and mineral resources. At the same time, because of the complexity and interdisciplinary of geological research, the general method of geological Spatial Information Grid (SIG) data processing, ignores the necessary conditions in geological and mineral resources evaluation, that is the connection of the combination of the geological variables ,Spatial structure, and the adaptability measurement of regional comparative , to a certain extent with actual and theoretical defects, and geological space informative, processing trivial, data integration technology to become serious problems to be solved.
In view of the above mentioned, the geological field need an information technology platform between the original geological data information and end results, to analysis and processing, fusion, and integration large geological data, construct the geological model, analysis digital features, and comprehensive decision-making, effective second develop geological information, and form hierarchic geological information map.
Jilin University’s G~4I system is developed based on this idea. G~4I system is the computer system which integration analysis Geological data information such as 4G’s data (Geology, Geography, Geochemistry and Geophysics) as kernel, establish geological data analysis method and geological model set to provide services for predicting mineral resources exactly. This system is the digital geological information platform which is based on data integration, data mining and information fusion, and based on geological, geographical, geochemical, geophysics four spatial databases, service in deep crust, integrate spatial information mechanism and model analysis system.
Along with the rapid development of scientific technology and informatization, the quantity of data which need collect, store and process also will increase. The content and form of geological spatial data (refer as geological data) is diversified, the problems to be solved is complex, involving numerous fields, using multiple data sources, and the storage formats of kinds of data acquisition and the measure of spatial data are also different. Data integration refers to use various automatic data conversion tool, to make data which has all kinds of sources, formats, characteristic properties organic ground on this system, which can be identified by this system, to provide comprehensive data sharing.
Due to the development and popularization of Internet network technology, information sharing is becoming an inevitable trend. Data is the object of system program and the foundation of system construction. Along with the wide application of GIS, socially accumulated large amounts of data resources, each application departments always choose different GIS software platform according to their specific situation, this causes biggish difference in GIS data in structure, model and format, so that geographic data sharing is difficult. Therefore, data integration is an important question we faced. Only the data integration problems are properly resolved, information islands status would be changed, reduce unnecessary repetitive data collection, share data acquisition expenses, make full use of the existing data resources, improve economic efficiency, provide data base such as data sharing and data analysis.
This paper according to domestic and foreign research situation, uses G~4I system’s metadata, integration technology, spatial data interpretable technology, spatial data feature extraction technology and G~4I system spatial data quality guarantees system, study geological G~4I system data integration of technical problems. The paper briefly specific arrangement and achievements of work are as follows:
1.Geological G~4I system overview
This paper briefly introduces geological G~4I system mainly from theory research contents, geological G~4I system’s research object, and geological G~4I system’s design content, geological G~4I system’s key problems, geological G~4I system’s features and geological G~4I system’s working platform six parts.
2. Data integration technology research situation
Based on the vast literature materials, this paper briefly introduces the definition, types requirements, and target of data integration, discusses the theoretical basis, research status and development trend of data integration, analysis the data integration system structure and data integration’s key issues.
3. Geological G~4I system of metadata and its integration technology
This paper overviews the definition, contents and functions of metadata, and analyze the standard and the present research status, and emphatically introduces the geological G~4I system metadata design architecture and design content, and establishes the metadata management system, provide solutions of key problems in data integration.
4. Sharing and Interoperability Technology of Spatial Data
This part mainly illustrate spatial data sharing from two parts, the introduction of data sharing and ways of implementing spatial data sharing .In addition ,this part briefly introduces the definition of interoperability, methods of spatial data interoperability. In addition, it focus on design of the 4G Geo database in Geo G~4I system and problem of data format conversion and interoperability Technology between the 4G Geo database and spatial data .
5. The spatial data feature extraction technology
This paper introduces the geographic data and geological data pretreatment and geophysical data, the focus of the research is data extraction technology with geochemical exploration.
6. The quality guarantee system of Geological G~4I system spatial data
This section first introduced the concept of spatial data quality, then puts forward the spatial data quality standards, and thereby evaluates the standard of spatial data quality, elaborates the source of spatial data quality problem according to its existence regularity, data quality control based on the error analysis of data source space.
Through this paper G~4I system of geological data integration technology research, Integration and information sharing work will lay a foundation of geological G~4I paper in the future, Points out the geological G~4I system about metadata, spatial data and database interoperability between aspects of the development of further part direction, helps the expansion of the system upgrade. At the same time, also hope for similar system development met about data integration issues can have certain reference.
基于这一构想,吉林大学研制开发了“地学G~4I系统”。这是一种以4G(即Geology地质学、Geography地理学、Geochemistry地球化学、Geophysics地球物理学)数据库及其集成分析方法为内核,建立地学空间数据分析模型集合,为矿产资源精细化预测提供全过程服务的计算机系统。
由于地质体乃至矿床形成过程的多期性与多源性,地球空间数据(简称地学数据)内容和形式日趋多元化,目标分析要求使用多种数据源。而多源数据在来源、内容、作用、格式转换及尺度上均不相同,因此需要进行数据集成。所谓数据集成是指通过使用各类数据转换工具,把不同来源、格式、特点性质的数据,有机地集中到本系统中来,成为本系统可以识别的数据形式,从而为企业提供全面的数据共享。
本文通过地学G~4I系统研制过程中的一系列任务实现过程,包括理论研究、目标分析、系统设计、关键技术、特色设计及平台选择等六部分来阐述空间数据库集成问题。在大量文献材料阅读基础上,概括介绍数据集成的定义、类型、要求、目标,探讨数据集成的理论基础、对数据集成的研究现状与发展趋势做综合分析,对数据集成系统结构及数据集成的关键问题进行探讨。文中阐述了元数据的定义、类型、内容和作用,对元数据标准及研究现状进行了探讨,重点探讨地学G~4I系统中元数据的设计构架与设计内容,建立元数据管理系统,且针对元数据集成中的关键问题提出解决方案;接着又介绍了互操作定义和空间数据互操作方法,重点论述了地学G~4I系统中的4G地学数据库的设计,及4G地学数据库之间、空间数据之间的格式转换和互操作技术问题;并通过地理数据与地质数据的预处理,以及物探数据与化探数据的特征提取技术,分析研究空间数据的特征提取技术;最后介绍了地学G~4I系统空间数据的质量保障体系。
空间数据集成技术的研究是地学G~4I系统的基础,为该系统在元数据、空间数据库互操作等诸项内容提供了技术保证。有关该系统的后续升级问题都涉及到数据集成问题,因此数据集成技术研究在该系统研究过程中具有举足轻重的作用。
In early 1980s, Geographic Information System as a multidisciplinary integrated technology is introduced to the domestic, and has made abundant technical achievements and innovation in geological spatial data integration and spatial decision etc. But because geological space position of the earth's crust, makes many geological problems "black box" features, and makes GIS application’s results compared with geography research and space remote sensing relatively lags behind, especially the model of geographical spatial does not apply to geological space model. To further develop GIS, it is necessary to research the evaluation system based on space digital database and mineral resources. At the same time, because of the complexity and interdisciplinary of geological research, the general method of geological Spatial Information Grid (SIG) data processing, ignores the necessary conditions in geological and mineral resources evaluation, that is the connection of the combination of the geological variables ,Spatial structure, and the adaptability measurement of regional comparative , to a certain extent with actual and theoretical defects, and geological space informative, processing trivial, data integration technology to become serious problems to be solved.
In view of the above mentioned, the geological field need an information technology platform between the original geological data information and end results, to analysis and processing, fusion, and integration large geological data, construct the geological model, analysis digital features, and comprehensive decision-making, effective second develop geological information, and form hierarchic geological information map.
Jilin University’s G~4I system is developed based on this idea. G~4I system is the computer system which integration analysis Geological data information such as 4G’s data (Geology, Geography, Geochemistry and Geophysics) as kernel, establish geological data analysis method and geological model set to provide services for predicting mineral resources exactly. This system is the digital geological information platform which is based on data integration, data mining and information fusion, and based on geological, geographical, geochemical, geophysics four spatial databases, service in deep crust, integrate spatial information mechanism and model analysis system.
Along with the rapid development of scientific technology and informatization, the quantity of data which need collect, store and process also will increase. The content and form of geological spatial data (refer as geological data) is diversified, the problems to be solved is complex, involving numerous fields, using multiple data sources, and the storage formats of kinds of data acquisition and the measure of spatial data are also different. Data integration refers to use various automatic data conversion tool, to make data which has all kinds of sources, formats, characteristic properties organic ground on this system, which can be identified by this system, to provide comprehensive data sharing.
Due to the development and popularization of Internet network technology, information sharing is becoming an inevitable trend. Data is the object of system program and the foundation of system construction. Along with the wide application of GIS, socially accumulated large amounts of data resources, each application departments always choose different GIS software platform according to their specific situation, this causes biggish difference in GIS data in structure, model and format, so that geographic data sharing is difficult. Therefore, data integration is an important question we faced. Only the data integration problems are properly resolved, information islands status would be changed, reduce unnecessary repetitive data collection, share data acquisition expenses, make full use of the existing data resources, improve economic efficiency, provide data base such as data sharing and data analysis.
This paper according to domestic and foreign research situation, uses G~4I system’s metadata, integration technology, spatial data interpretable technology, spatial data feature extraction technology and G~4I system spatial data quality guarantees system, study geological G~4I system data integration of technical problems. The paper briefly specific arrangement and achievements of work are as follows:
1.Geological G~4I system overview
This paper briefly introduces geological G~4I system mainly from theory research contents, geological G~4I system’s research object, and geological G~4I system’s design content, geological G~4I system’s key problems, geological G~4I system’s features and geological G~4I system’s working platform six parts.
2. Data integration technology research situation
Based on the vast literature materials, this paper briefly introduces the definition, types requirements, and target of data integration, discusses the theoretical basis, research status and development trend of data integration, analysis the data integration system structure and data integration’s key issues.
3. Geological G~4I system of metadata and its integration technology
This paper overviews the definition, contents and functions of metadata, and analyze the standard and the present research status, and emphatically introduces the geological G~4I system metadata design architecture and design content, and establishes the metadata management system, provide solutions of key problems in data integration.
4. Sharing and Interoperability Technology of Spatial Data
This part mainly illustrate spatial data sharing from two parts, the introduction of data sharing and ways of implementing spatial data sharing .In addition ,this part briefly introduces the definition of interoperability, methods of spatial data interoperability. In addition, it focus on design of the 4G Geo database in Geo G~4I system and problem of data format conversion and interoperability Technology between the 4G Geo database and spatial data .
5. The spatial data feature extraction technology
This paper introduces the geographic data and geological data pretreatment and geophysical data, the focus of the research is data extraction technology with geochemical exploration.
6. The quality guarantee system of Geological G~4I system spatial data
This section first introduced the concept of spatial data quality, then puts forward the spatial data quality standards, and thereby evaluates the standard of spatial data quality, elaborates the source of spatial data quality problem according to its existence regularity, data quality control based on the error analysis of data source space.
Through this paper G~4I system of geological data integration technology research, Integration and information sharing work will lay a foundation of geological G~4I paper in the future, Points out the geological G~4I system about metadata, spatial data and database interoperability between aspects of the development of further part direction, helps the expansion of the system upgrade. At the same time, also hope for similar system development met about data integration issues can have certain reference.
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