用于保偏光纤特性表征的白光干涉理论及技术研究
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摘要
本文从理论和仪器系统两个方面研究了利用白光时域和频域干涉法来表征保偏光纤的保偏和色散特性,包括偏振模耦合、偏振消光比、拍长和模间色度色散差的测量。同时,基于该仪器进行了白光干涉纳米级位移传感和材料厚度的测量,实现了仪器的拓展应用。
在课题组原有对保偏光纤偏振耦合测试仪的开发基础上,在理论上建立起了保偏光纤模间白光时域和频域干涉模型;基于几何光学原理建立了保偏光纤偏振耦合测试仪的仪器误差模型,定量分析了仪器光学系统的最优化装配角度和结构,并采用了数值色散补偿,实现了仪器对1.2km保偏光纤偏振耦合的高精度检测,为高精度光纤陀螺中光偏振的检测和控制提供了一个非常有用的工具。
基于保偏光纤偏振耦合的特点提出了一种新的保偏光纤偏振消光比的测量方法,测量灵敏度达-55dB。基于频域干涉模型提出了一种新的保偏光纤模间色度色散差的测量方法,该方法测量时间极短(小于5s),信噪比高(大于80dB)。利用力致耦合频域干涉测量了保偏光纤的拍长。研究了光谱干涉位相奇异点处的光谱异动,并用该方法实现了纳米级位移传感。将该仪器开发成了一台能同时测量保偏光纤偏振耦合、拍长、偏振消光比、模间色度色散差和纳米级位移的多功能测试仪。
工作中的主要创新点
1.详细分析了白光干涉法保偏光纤偏振耦合测试仪的仪器误差。通过定量分析仪器光学系统装配角度和算法优化,使该测试仪能对1.2km保偏光纤偏振耦合进行测量,是目前有文献报道的国内利用白光干涉法能测量的光纤长度最长的仪器。利用偏振耦合原理提出了一种新的保偏光纤偏振消光比的测量方法,测量灵敏度达-55dB。
2.在保偏光纤偏振耦合测试中,提出了一种耦合强度数值色散补偿的方法。该色散补偿算法具有很高的准确性,尤其对短光纤,绝对偏差小于0.63dB。
3.建立了保偏光纤模间白光频域干涉的理论模型,揭示了光谱干涉条纹在位相奇异点处与光源中心波长、光源谱宽、两干涉光束间光程差的关系。提出了一种白光频域干涉保偏光纤模间色度色散差的测量方法,能为保偏光纤偏振耦合测量和基于保偏光纤模间干涉原理的光纤传感器提供数值色散补偿的准确数据。
White-light (WL) temporal-domain and spectral-domain interferometry methods have been used to measure the polarization holding and dispersion parameters of polarization-maintaining fibers (PMFs) using theory analysis and instrument fabrication. Those parameters are polarization mode coupling, polarization excitation ratio, beat length and chromatic dispersion difference of the two polarization modes of the PMFs. In addition, nano-displacement and thickness of transparent material employ white-light interferometric (WLI) technique have been measured also, which enlarges the application of this instrument.
This dissertation’s research is based on the development of polarization mode coupling measurement instrument that fabricated by our research team. WL temporal-domain and spectral-domain intermodal interference modal have been analyzed in theory. The instrument error modal of the polarization mode coupling measurement instrument have been analyzed based on the priciple of geometrical optics. By analyzing the optimum mount angle of the optical mounted and adaptting the dispersion compensate algorithm, the instrument can test fiber with longer than 1.2km length. This instrument can provided a useful tool to measure and control the polarization problem in high sensitivity optical fiber gyro.
A new polarization excitation ratio in PMFs measurement method was proposed based on the polarization mode coupling in PMFs, and the measurement sensitivity as high as -55dB. A spectral WLI technique to measure the chromatic dispersion difference of the two polarization eigenmodes in polarization-maintaining fibers (PMFs) is presented. The measurement time of the method is as fast as five seconds and the signal-to-noise ration can be achieved at least 80dB. A sepctral-domain interference beat length measurement method was also presented based on polarization mode coupling. Spectral anomalies at the spectral switch position have been analyzed by spectral-domain interference theory. Nano-displacement sensing was achieved in this instrument according to the spectral anomalies at the switch position. In all, this instrument can measure polarization mode coupling, beat length, polarization excitation ratio, intermodal chromatic dispersion difference in PMFs and nano-displacement.
1 The instrument error modal of the polarization mode coupling measurement instrument have been analyzed. The instrument can can test fiber with 1.2km long after analyzing the optimum mount angle of the optical mounted and adaptting the dispersion compensate algorithm. The measureable fiber length of this instrument is the longgest that domestic research teams can achieved. A new polarization excitation ratio in PMFs measurement method was proposed. The excitation ratio can be determined by calculate the sum of all polarization modes coupling point’s intensity and the measurement sensitivity as high as -55dB.
2 A numerical dispersion compensation algorithm was presented to calculate the coupling strength for this instrument. The experimental results show that the algorithm has a high accuracy, and the absolute deviation is less than 0.63dB for short fibers.
3 A theory modal of PMFs intermodal spectral-domain interference have been established. The effect of light source characteristics such as central wavelength and spectral bandwidth, and the optical path difference between the two beams on the spectral interference fringe shifts at the optical phase singularity point. Based on this theory modal, a new spectral-domain intermodal chromatic dispersion difference measurement method have been proposed. The results obtained by this method can provide usefull data for numerical dispersion compensation in polarization mode coupling measurement and polarization-maintaining fibers sensors based on intermodal interference.
在课题组原有对保偏光纤偏振耦合测试仪的开发基础上,在理论上建立起了保偏光纤模间白光时域和频域干涉模型;基于几何光学原理建立了保偏光纤偏振耦合测试仪的仪器误差模型,定量分析了仪器光学系统的最优化装配角度和结构,并采用了数值色散补偿,实现了仪器对1.2km保偏光纤偏振耦合的高精度检测,为高精度光纤陀螺中光偏振的检测和控制提供了一个非常有用的工具。
基于保偏光纤偏振耦合的特点提出了一种新的保偏光纤偏振消光比的测量方法,测量灵敏度达-55dB。基于频域干涉模型提出了一种新的保偏光纤模间色度色散差的测量方法,该方法测量时间极短(小于5s),信噪比高(大于80dB)。利用力致耦合频域干涉测量了保偏光纤的拍长。研究了光谱干涉位相奇异点处的光谱异动,并用该方法实现了纳米级位移传感。将该仪器开发成了一台能同时测量保偏光纤偏振耦合、拍长、偏振消光比、模间色度色散差和纳米级位移的多功能测试仪。
工作中的主要创新点
1.详细分析了白光干涉法保偏光纤偏振耦合测试仪的仪器误差。通过定量分析仪器光学系统装配角度和算法优化,使该测试仪能对1.2km保偏光纤偏振耦合进行测量,是目前有文献报道的国内利用白光干涉法能测量的光纤长度最长的仪器。利用偏振耦合原理提出了一种新的保偏光纤偏振消光比的测量方法,测量灵敏度达-55dB。
2.在保偏光纤偏振耦合测试中,提出了一种耦合强度数值色散补偿的方法。该色散补偿算法具有很高的准确性,尤其对短光纤,绝对偏差小于0.63dB。
3.建立了保偏光纤模间白光频域干涉的理论模型,揭示了光谱干涉条纹在位相奇异点处与光源中心波长、光源谱宽、两干涉光束间光程差的关系。提出了一种白光频域干涉保偏光纤模间色度色散差的测量方法,能为保偏光纤偏振耦合测量和基于保偏光纤模间干涉原理的光纤传感器提供数值色散补偿的准确数据。
White-light (WL) temporal-domain and spectral-domain interferometry methods have been used to measure the polarization holding and dispersion parameters of polarization-maintaining fibers (PMFs) using theory analysis and instrument fabrication. Those parameters are polarization mode coupling, polarization excitation ratio, beat length and chromatic dispersion difference of the two polarization modes of the PMFs. In addition, nano-displacement and thickness of transparent material employ white-light interferometric (WLI) technique have been measured also, which enlarges the application of this instrument.
This dissertation’s research is based on the development of polarization mode coupling measurement instrument that fabricated by our research team. WL temporal-domain and spectral-domain intermodal interference modal have been analyzed in theory. The instrument error modal of the polarization mode coupling measurement instrument have been analyzed based on the priciple of geometrical optics. By analyzing the optimum mount angle of the optical mounted and adaptting the dispersion compensate algorithm, the instrument can test fiber with longer than 1.2km length. This instrument can provided a useful tool to measure and control the polarization problem in high sensitivity optical fiber gyro.
A new polarization excitation ratio in PMFs measurement method was proposed based on the polarization mode coupling in PMFs, and the measurement sensitivity as high as -55dB. A spectral WLI technique to measure the chromatic dispersion difference of the two polarization eigenmodes in polarization-maintaining fibers (PMFs) is presented. The measurement time of the method is as fast as five seconds and the signal-to-noise ration can be achieved at least 80dB. A sepctral-domain interference beat length measurement method was also presented based on polarization mode coupling. Spectral anomalies at the spectral switch position have been analyzed by spectral-domain interference theory. Nano-displacement sensing was achieved in this instrument according to the spectral anomalies at the switch position. In all, this instrument can measure polarization mode coupling, beat length, polarization excitation ratio, intermodal chromatic dispersion difference in PMFs and nano-displacement.
1 The instrument error modal of the polarization mode coupling measurement instrument have been analyzed. The instrument can can test fiber with 1.2km long after analyzing the optimum mount angle of the optical mounted and adaptting the dispersion compensate algorithm. The measureable fiber length of this instrument is the longgest that domestic research teams can achieved. A new polarization excitation ratio in PMFs measurement method was proposed. The excitation ratio can be determined by calculate the sum of all polarization modes coupling point’s intensity and the measurement sensitivity as high as -55dB.
2 A numerical dispersion compensation algorithm was presented to calculate the coupling strength for this instrument. The experimental results show that the algorithm has a high accuracy, and the absolute deviation is less than 0.63dB for short fibers.
3 A theory modal of PMFs intermodal spectral-domain interference have been established. The effect of light source characteristics such as central wavelength and spectral bandwidth, and the optical path difference between the two beams on the spectral interference fringe shifts at the optical phase singularity point. Based on this theory modal, a new spectral-domain intermodal chromatic dispersion difference measurement method have been proposed. The results obtained by this method can provide usefull data for numerical dispersion compensation in polarization mode coupling measurement and polarization-maintaining fibers sensors based on intermodal interference.
引文
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