生物类自然保护区适应性管理关键问题的研究
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摘要
本论文研究是为自然保护区管理探讨一个适应其发展规律与特点的管理模式和思路。多年来,笔者作为主要参与者之一,在江西鄱阳湖、辽宁双台河口等国家级自然保护区等保护区的规划、管理实践,以及有关研究与教学活动中,进行研究。论文在总结、提炼生物类自然保护区适应性管理新理念基础上,对适应性管理时空尺度、适应性规划和适应性监测与调控等关键问题的方法论进行了探讨。
论文深入分析了自然保护区管理历史与现状、成效与问题,提出我国生物类自然保护区管理急需调整手段、转变管理模式的观点,并认为适应性管理的理念与模式符合自然保护区管理规律与特点。
论文通过对生物类自然保护区适应性管理基础理论探讨,系统地论述了自然保护区适应性管理含义、实质、特点、基本框架和关键环节。进一步分析了生物类自然保护区适应性管理过程、基本环节,从科学发展观、不断认知的认识观、协同发展的价值观、综合集成方法论等方面进行了论述。
论文提出时空尺度是进行生物类自然保护区管理最基础因子,它首先需要确定的是管理范围和复查调整期。论文深入讨论了生物类自然保护区管理时空尺度的概念、保护对象、环境与时空尺度关系与影响因素、时空尺度耦合关系和管理时空尺度,以及规划时的空尺度意义与考虑内容。探索了不同保护类型的时空尺度的主要影响因素,为在规划决策和反馈控制的定性分析提供了依据,也为进一步定性和定量方法的研究奠定了基础。并以江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区为例,进行部分应用说明。
论文提出了生物类自然保护区适应性规划的基本含义,认为生物类自然保护区适应性管理,把过去的局部、静态、分割的规划体系,转变成全面、动态、时空一体化、各方协同的新体系；在组织形式上提出由管理、规划和社区等单位共同组成学习型规划组织,通过团队的协作、不断的系统诊断,取得达到多赢；提出了“适应度”的新概念,把“适应度”作为指导思想融入规划制定、评价、选择、监督、调整等各个环节；根据保护对象和环境条件,选用适应的规划方法,制定多种方案,通过模拟,选择可执行的方案,并提出应进行风险和不确定性因素分析。
论文通过对适应性管理中的监督、控制和协调职能研究,提出生物类自然保护区管理对象及其运行,应根据保护区的不同类型,通过有效的机制和方法、技术,重点分析与评价变化、不协调、冲突的因素、产生原因,并提出根据结果,进行微调、或者局部完善或者进行新的规划,推行信息的获取、分析、评价、计划(含规划)、执行、监督、控制和协调是一体化过程,论文以辽宁双台河口国家级自然保护区为例,进行实证。
论文对所提出的理念,包括时空尺度、适应性规划和适应性监测与调控等关键问题的学术和实践意义,进行了讨论。
This thesis is to explore a management model and ideas for the nature reserve management to adapt its laws and the features of development. Over the years, the author as a major participant in the Poyang Lake. in Jiangxi, Liaoning Shuangtaihekou National Nature Reserve and other's planning, management practices, as well as the research and teaching activities, caryy out the research. Based on the summary and refining of the biological nature reserve new concepts, the paper discusee the key issues of spatial and temporal scales of adaptive management, adaptive planning and adaptive monitoring and regulation.
Thesis deelpy analyze the past and present management of nature reserves, results and problems, and put forward the views that the nature reserve management needs to adjust and the management patten needs to change. Also the paper brings out the view that the concept of adaptive management model in line with the laws of nature reserve management and characteristics.
Through adaptive management basic theory of biological Nature Reserve, the paper explore systematicly the meaning, substance, characteristics, the basic framework and key links of adaptive management of nature reserves. Further more, the paper analyze the process and the basic part of adaptive management of biological Nature Reserve. Also the scientific concept of development, the concept of cognitive understanding constantly, the·coordinated development and a comprehensive integrated methodology and other aspects are discussed.
Paper presents that the spatial and temporal scales of biological Nature Reserve management is the most basic factor, it is first necessary to determine that the scope of management and review period of adjustment. Paper discusses deeply the concept, protection object, the environment and the relationship between spatial and temporal scales and factors of spatial and temporal scales, coupling between spatial and temporal scales and management of spatial and temporal scales, measures of the planning and consideration of the meaning of biological nature reserves management. The paper also explores the main factors of the different types of protection of spatial and temporal scales, which provides a basis for the decision-making in planning and feedback control of the qualitative analysis, for further qualitative and quantitative methods of research. Jiangxi Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve, for example to carry out part of the application instructions.
Paper presents the basic meaning of adaptation planning of Nature Reserve. The adaptive management of nature reserves changes the past local, static, split the planning system into a comprehensive, dynamic, spatial and temporal integration and the new system all together; in organizational form, learning organization is proposed which is organized the management, planning and community planning units together. This kind of organization can made win through team collaboration, continuous system diagnostics; Paper proposed the new concept of "fitness", and which regards as a guiding the development of integrated planning, evaluation, selection, supervision, adjustment and other links; According to protection objects and environmental conditions, select a adaptive planning method, develop a variety of solution. Through simulation, select the executable program, and put forward that risks and uncertainties should be made analysis.
Paper through the research of the supervision, control and coordination functions of the adaptive management, proposed that management objects of biological nature reserves should be analyzed through through effective mechanisms and methods, technologies based on the different types. According to the results to adjust gently or to improve in part or make plan again. The paper made a practical research base on the examples of the implementation in Liaoning Shuangtaihekou National Nature Reserve.
In the paper, proposed concept, spatial and temporal scales, adaptive planning and adaptive monitoring and control and other key issues of academic and practical significance are discussed.
论文深入分析了自然保护区管理历史与现状、成效与问题,提出我国生物类自然保护区管理急需调整手段、转变管理模式的观点,并认为适应性管理的理念与模式符合自然保护区管理规律与特点。
论文通过对生物类自然保护区适应性管理基础理论探讨,系统地论述了自然保护区适应性管理含义、实质、特点、基本框架和关键环节。进一步分析了生物类自然保护区适应性管理过程、基本环节,从科学发展观、不断认知的认识观、协同发展的价值观、综合集成方法论等方面进行了论述。
论文提出时空尺度是进行生物类自然保护区管理最基础因子,它首先需要确定的是管理范围和复查调整期。论文深入讨论了生物类自然保护区管理时空尺度的概念、保护对象、环境与时空尺度关系与影响因素、时空尺度耦合关系和管理时空尺度,以及规划时的空尺度意义与考虑内容。探索了不同保护类型的时空尺度的主要影响因素,为在规划决策和反馈控制的定性分析提供了依据,也为进一步定性和定量方法的研究奠定了基础。并以江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区为例,进行部分应用说明。
论文提出了生物类自然保护区适应性规划的基本含义,认为生物类自然保护区适应性管理,把过去的局部、静态、分割的规划体系,转变成全面、动态、时空一体化、各方协同的新体系；在组织形式上提出由管理、规划和社区等单位共同组成学习型规划组织,通过团队的协作、不断的系统诊断,取得达到多赢；提出了“适应度”的新概念,把“适应度”作为指导思想融入规划制定、评价、选择、监督、调整等各个环节；根据保护对象和环境条件,选用适应的规划方法,制定多种方案,通过模拟,选择可执行的方案,并提出应进行风险和不确定性因素分析。
论文通过对适应性管理中的监督、控制和协调职能研究,提出生物类自然保护区管理对象及其运行,应根据保护区的不同类型,通过有效的机制和方法、技术,重点分析与评价变化、不协调、冲突的因素、产生原因,并提出根据结果,进行微调、或者局部完善或者进行新的规划,推行信息的获取、分析、评价、计划(含规划)、执行、监督、控制和协调是一体化过程,论文以辽宁双台河口国家级自然保护区为例,进行实证。
论文对所提出的理念,包括时空尺度、适应性规划和适应性监测与调控等关键问题的学术和实践意义,进行了讨论。
This thesis is to explore a management model and ideas for the nature reserve management to adapt its laws and the features of development. Over the years, the author as a major participant in the Poyang Lake. in Jiangxi, Liaoning Shuangtaihekou National Nature Reserve and other's planning, management practices, as well as the research and teaching activities, caryy out the research. Based on the summary and refining of the biological nature reserve new concepts, the paper discusee the key issues of spatial and temporal scales of adaptive management, adaptive planning and adaptive monitoring and regulation.
Thesis deelpy analyze the past and present management of nature reserves, results and problems, and put forward the views that the nature reserve management needs to adjust and the management patten needs to change. Also the paper brings out the view that the concept of adaptive management model in line with the laws of nature reserve management and characteristics.
Through adaptive management basic theory of biological Nature Reserve, the paper explore systematicly the meaning, substance, characteristics, the basic framework and key links of adaptive management of nature reserves. Further more, the paper analyze the process and the basic part of adaptive management of biological Nature Reserve. Also the scientific concept of development, the concept of cognitive understanding constantly, the·coordinated development and a comprehensive integrated methodology and other aspects are discussed.
Paper presents that the spatial and temporal scales of biological Nature Reserve management is the most basic factor, it is first necessary to determine that the scope of management and review period of adjustment. Paper discusses deeply the concept, protection object, the environment and the relationship between spatial and temporal scales and factors of spatial and temporal scales, coupling between spatial and temporal scales and management of spatial and temporal scales, measures of the planning and consideration of the meaning of biological nature reserves management. The paper also explores the main factors of the different types of protection of spatial and temporal scales, which provides a basis for the decision-making in planning and feedback control of the qualitative analysis, for further qualitative and quantitative methods of research. Jiangxi Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve, for example to carry out part of the application instructions.
Paper presents the basic meaning of adaptation planning of Nature Reserve. The adaptive management of nature reserves changes the past local, static, split the planning system into a comprehensive, dynamic, spatial and temporal integration and the new system all together; in organizational form, learning organization is proposed which is organized the management, planning and community planning units together. This kind of organization can made win through team collaboration, continuous system diagnostics; Paper proposed the new concept of "fitness", and which regards as a guiding the development of integrated planning, evaluation, selection, supervision, adjustment and other links; According to protection objects and environmental conditions, select a adaptive planning method, develop a variety of solution. Through simulation, select the executable program, and put forward that risks and uncertainties should be made analysis.
Paper through the research of the supervision, control and coordination functions of the adaptive management, proposed that management objects of biological nature reserves should be analyzed through through effective mechanisms and methods, technologies based on the different types. According to the results to adjust gently or to improve in part or make plan again. The paper made a practical research base on the examples of the implementation in Liaoning Shuangtaihekou National Nature Reserve.
In the paper, proposed concept, spatial and temporal scales, adaptive planning and adaptive monitoring and control and other key issues of academic and practical significance are discussed.
引文
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