企业创新环境层级构架及其作用机理研究
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摘要
国外发达国家的发展轨迹证明：优化产业结构、提升产业竞争能力的根本动力在于技术创新,而技术创新的大量出现来自良好的创新环境与氛围。随着我国对创新认识的提高和经济实力的提升,科技投入无论是在数量上还是比率上都已达到并超过了发展中国家的最高水平,并与发达国家逐渐拉近。然而,科技投入并不是决定技术创新效果的唯一因素,市场环境、文化环境、科技人员环境等都是制约区域创新的重要因素。在科技投入增加的同时,如果没有相关环境要素的配合,势必严重降低科技投入的产出效率,进而限制创新能力的提升。因此,什么是创新环境?它的结构如何以及如何对企业创新产生影响?对此类问题的研究成为了本文的研究目的。本论文是按如下框架展开的：
本文首先通过对创新环境内涵的比较与分析,理清创新环境内涵,并对现有创新环境构成要素及结构划分的不适性进行了分析,通过对企业的创新过程、创新过程各阶段影响因素的分析提出企业创新环境的层级构架,并对创新环境各层级的内涵进行了界定。
分别对创新资源保障层、动力系统层及外部氛围层的构成要素及其对企业创新的影响进行了分析,并对资源保障层的阈值效应进行了分析,运用系统动力学理论对动力系统层对企业创新决策的影响进行了模型设计与仿真,运用自组织临界性理论对外部氛围层对企业创新的影响进行了解释。
通过对创新环境各层级要素的比较可以得出结论为,创新环境的三个层级是一个由简单作用到复杂作用的结构,且在每一层级中创新环境对企业创新活动的作用具有明显的相同特征；且创新环境在截面序列上具有可比性,并据此设计了创新环境要素关系和程度的测定模型。
最后以黑龙江省大中型工业企业为研究对象,对黑龙江省大中型工业企业总体情况、发展历程、行业分布进行了分析,并对黑龙江省大中型工业企业创新活动及其环境运行现状进行了分析,运用结构方程模型对黑龙江省大中型工业企业创新环境的层级关系及结构进行了测定,并从创新配套资源建设、税收优惠和创新网络建设等三个首要问题提出了相关对策。
The development track of developed countries abroad proves that:technological innovation is the fundamental driving force of optimizing the industrial structure and improving industrial competitiveness, and a large presence of technological innovation comes from a good innovation environment. With the improvement of our understanding of innovation and promotion of economic strength, science and technology investment both in quantity and rate have reached and exceeded the maximum level of the developing countries, and gradually narrow the gap between developed countries. However, the technology investment is not the only factor to influence the effect of technological innovation. The market environment, cultural environment, science and technology personnel environment are the important factors restricting the regional innovation. While increasing investment in science and technology, if there are no relevant environment factors to cooperate, it will certainly severely reduces the output efficiency of investment in science and technology, thereby limiting the enhancement of innovation capability. So, what is the innovative environment? What is it's structure and how to influence the enterprise innovation? The research on those problems became the purpose of this study. This paper is carried out according to the following framework:
Based on the comparison and analysis of connotation of innovation environment, this paper firstly clarify the meaning of innovation environment, and analyse elements and discomfort of structure division of the existing innovation environment. Then based on the analysis of enterprise innovation process and factors in all stages of the innovation process, this paper proposed the level framework of enterprise innovation environment, and defined the connotation of all levels of innovation environment.
Innovative resources and support layer, power system layer, elements of the external atmosphere layer and the impact on innovation are analyzed. The threshold effect of resources and support layer is analyzed. The power system layer on the impact of enterprise innovation decision is model designed and emulated based on system dynamics theory. The external atmosphere layer on the impact of business innovation is explained based on the theory of self-organized criticality.
On comparison of the various levels of innovation environment elements, this paper argues that the three levels of innovation environment is a structure from simple role to complex role, and innovative environment at each level in the role of enterprise innovation activities have the same characteristics obviously. Innovation environment in section sequence is comparable, based on this, measurable model of relationship between innovative environmental factors and the degree is designed.
Finally, medium-sized industrial enterprises in Heilongjiang province are selected as the research objects, the overall situation, development, industry distribution of the medium-sized industrial enterprises in Heilongjiang province are introducted innovation activities and operation status of innovative environment of medium-sized industrial enterprises in Heilongjiang province are analyzed, and hierarchy innovation environment and structure of medium-sized industrial enterprises in Heilongjiang province are determined by structural equation model.Related measures are proposed from construction of innovation supporting resources, tax incentives, innovation network building three primary issues.
本文首先通过对创新环境内涵的比较与分析,理清创新环境内涵,并对现有创新环境构成要素及结构划分的不适性进行了分析,通过对企业的创新过程、创新过程各阶段影响因素的分析提出企业创新环境的层级构架,并对创新环境各层级的内涵进行了界定。
分别对创新资源保障层、动力系统层及外部氛围层的构成要素及其对企业创新的影响进行了分析,并对资源保障层的阈值效应进行了分析,运用系统动力学理论对动力系统层对企业创新决策的影响进行了模型设计与仿真,运用自组织临界性理论对外部氛围层对企业创新的影响进行了解释。
通过对创新环境各层级要素的比较可以得出结论为,创新环境的三个层级是一个由简单作用到复杂作用的结构,且在每一层级中创新环境对企业创新活动的作用具有明显的相同特征；且创新环境在截面序列上具有可比性,并据此设计了创新环境要素关系和程度的测定模型。
最后以黑龙江省大中型工业企业为研究对象,对黑龙江省大中型工业企业总体情况、发展历程、行业分布进行了分析,并对黑龙江省大中型工业企业创新活动及其环境运行现状进行了分析,运用结构方程模型对黑龙江省大中型工业企业创新环境的层级关系及结构进行了测定,并从创新配套资源建设、税收优惠和创新网络建设等三个首要问题提出了相关对策。
The development track of developed countries abroad proves that:technological innovation is the fundamental driving force of optimizing the industrial structure and improving industrial competitiveness, and a large presence of technological innovation comes from a good innovation environment. With the improvement of our understanding of innovation and promotion of economic strength, science and technology investment both in quantity and rate have reached and exceeded the maximum level of the developing countries, and gradually narrow the gap between developed countries. However, the technology investment is not the only factor to influence the effect of technological innovation. The market environment, cultural environment, science and technology personnel environment are the important factors restricting the regional innovation. While increasing investment in science and technology, if there are no relevant environment factors to cooperate, it will certainly severely reduces the output efficiency of investment in science and technology, thereby limiting the enhancement of innovation capability. So, what is the innovative environment? What is it's structure and how to influence the enterprise innovation? The research on those problems became the purpose of this study. This paper is carried out according to the following framework:
Based on the comparison and analysis of connotation of innovation environment, this paper firstly clarify the meaning of innovation environment, and analyse elements and discomfort of structure division of the existing innovation environment. Then based on the analysis of enterprise innovation process and factors in all stages of the innovation process, this paper proposed the level framework of enterprise innovation environment, and defined the connotation of all levels of innovation environment.
Innovative resources and support layer, power system layer, elements of the external atmosphere layer and the impact on innovation are analyzed. The threshold effect of resources and support layer is analyzed. The power system layer on the impact of enterprise innovation decision is model designed and emulated based on system dynamics theory. The external atmosphere layer on the impact of business innovation is explained based on the theory of self-organized criticality.
On comparison of the various levels of innovation environment elements, this paper argues that the three levels of innovation environment is a structure from simple role to complex role, and innovative environment at each level in the role of enterprise innovation activities have the same characteristics obviously. Innovation environment in section sequence is comparable, based on this, measurable model of relationship between innovative environmental factors and the degree is designed.
Finally, medium-sized industrial enterprises in Heilongjiang province are selected as the research objects, the overall situation, development, industry distribution of the medium-sized industrial enterprises in Heilongjiang province are introducted innovation activities and operation status of innovative environment of medium-sized industrial enterprises in Heilongjiang province are analyzed, and hierarchy innovation environment and structure of medium-sized industrial enterprises in Heilongjiang province are determined by structural equation model.Related measures are proposed from construction of innovation supporting resources, tax incentives, innovation network building three primary issues.
引文
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