铰接式混凝土砌块护坡稳定性数值分析及应用研究
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摘要
随着社会经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的逐步提高,人们对生态环境和景观的要求也越来越高。河道已不仅仅具有“泄洪、排涝、蓄水、引清、航运”等水道的基本功能,而且还具有“景观、旅游、生态、对周边环境的呼应”等功能,人们渴望见到水清天蓝、绿树夹岸、鱼虾洞游的河道生态景观。河道护坡是保证堤防安全的重要基础设施,也是堤防除险加固工程建设中的重要内容。传统的护坡形式,如浆砌石护坡、混凝土板护坡、模袋混凝土护坡等护坡形式在一定程度上改变了原有河道的自然生态环境,影响了河流的生态特性和功能,破坏了自然和环境的和谐统一。因此,在护坡结构设计中,人们开始逐渐考虑生态环境因素的影响。为了适应这种新形势的需要,护坡技术也由原来的纯工程性措施逐步向生态型护坡技术发展,生态护坡、植物护坡和景观护坡等更为环保的护坡形式将成为今后发展的必然趋势。在环境成为未来发展的大趋势下,一种新式的生态护坡形式,铰接式混凝土砌块护坡近些年来在水利工程建设中被逐渐开始采用。本文以实际工程——沈阳市鸟岛公园铰接式混凝土砌块护坡为例,对此种护坡形式的稳定性分析及计算、冻胀监测和社会综合效益等方面进行了较为全面系统的研究和分析,全文主要的研究内容包括以下几个方面：
(1)通过理论计算和施工实践,验证了在护坡坡顶浇筑压重混凝土和坡底做浆砌石护脚会大大增加护坡安全稳定性的方法,为以后的工程提供了可靠的依据和经验。
(2)利用极限平衡条分法对铰接式混凝土砌块护坡稳定性进行了分析,首先采用条分法计算了护坡土体(无砌块)的稳定性,然后对条分法加以改进(考虑砌块)计算了护坡整体(土体和砌块)的稳定性,通过两种方法的比较分析,表明毕肖普条分法更为适合。基于毕肖普条分法,进一步计算了不同坡度和不同砌块重量时护坡的稳定安全系数,结果表明不同坡度和砌块重量对护坡的稳定性有较小的影响,不是很敏感。
(3)运用FLAC数值分析软件,建立铰接式混凝土砌块护坡的数值仿真计算模型,采用强度折减技术对护坡稳定性进行了计算分析。计算了不同参数下护坡的稳定安全系数,通过比较分析,利用此种方法可以得到更为精确的结果。
(4)采用连续介质稳定渗流数学模型的有限差分法,详细讨论了不同水位对护坡稳定性的影响,通过计算分析了不同种因素在水位变化时对护坡稳定性的影响。
(5)针对北方地区寒冷季节会产生冻胀问题,对铰接式混凝土砌块护坡具有代表性的区域进行了现场变形监测,通过对不同时段和不同位置的监测数据分析计算和对砌块进行多次冻融循环试验,结果证明了该种形式护坡能够满足和适应北方寒冷地区的抗冻性要求和冻胀变形,不会因冻胀问题发生破坏。
(6)铰接式混凝土砌块护坡工程完工后,进行了几年的连续现场监测,结果表明：水土保持效益明显,节省了土地资源,又能满足绿化要求,增加了景观效益,并且较其他护坡形式节省了投资和后期维护费用,经济效益显著。
With the rapid development of social economy and the gradual improvement of living standards, people have much higher demand for the ecological environment and landscape. Rivers have not only basic functions of the watercourse such as flood control, drainage, water storage, clean water supply, shipping, etc, but also play an important role in landscape, tourism, ecology and enrichment of surrounding environment, people are eager to see the landscape of clear water and blue sky, river with green trees on both banks, fish and shrimp swimming in the water. Watercourse embankment protecting slope is critical infrastructure to ensure the safety of dike and is also an important part of dike risk elimination and reinforcement construction. The traditional ways of slope protection such as cement stone, concrete plates and molded concrete bag to some extent change the original natural ecological environment of rivers, affect the ecological features and functions of rivers, destroy the harmony and unity of nature and the environment. Therefore, ecological and environmental factors begin to be considered in design of slope structure. The development of slope protection technology has thus transformed from pure engineering measures into eco-friendly technologies in order to adapt to new situation. More environmental friendly ways of slope protection like Ecology, plant and landscape will be the inevitable trend of future development. As environment protection becomes the future trend, a new way of ecological slope protection, articulated concrete block, has been gradually applied in water conservancy project. In this paper, the project of articulated concrete block slope protection of Shenyang Bird Island Park is taken as an example; it is comprehensively studied and systematically analyzed to explore the analysis and calculation of slope stability, frozen and expansion monitor and social benefit etc. The paper mainly consists of following six parts:
(1)It is verified by theoretical calculation and construction practice that concrete pouring and heavy pressure on the top of the protected slope and cement block reinforced at bottom of slope will greatly increase safety and stability of protection slope, which provide reliable basis and experience for future projects.
(2)The stability of articulated concrete block protected slope is being analyzed by using limit equilibrium method. Firstly, calculated the stability of slope soil (no block) by using slice method, secondly, calculated the stability of slope (soil and block) by improving slice method (take block into consideration), it is proved that Bishop slice method is more suitable after comparisons and analysis of these two method. Based on Bishop Slice method, further calculated slope stability and safety coefficient with different slope angle and concrete block weight, it is showed that the different slope angle and blocks is not sensitive to the stability of protected slope.
(3)Numerical simulation model of articulated concrete blocks protected slope is established by using FLAC data analysis software, Strength reduction techniques is used to calculate and analyze slope stability, more accurate results can be obtained by comparing and analyzing calculated slope stability and safety coefficients under different parameters.
(4)Impact on stability of protected slop under different water level is thoroughly discussed by using finite difference method of continuous medium stable seepage mathematical model, which is to calculate and analyze influence on stability of protected slope under various parameters as water levels change.
(5)As for frozen expansion in northern cold region, field deformation monitoring is conducted at typical part of articulated concrete block protected slope, by analyzing data collected at different location and in various time and multiple freeze-thaw cycle test of concrete block, it is proved that this protected slope can meet and suit the requirements of anti-frozen and frozen expansion deformation in northern cold region, and will not be damaged due to frozen expansion.
(6)When project of the articulated concrete block protected slope was finished, field monitoring is conducted in following several consecutive years, it is shown that Soil and water conservation is obvious, land resources is saved, afforesting requirement is met, effectiveness of the landscape is increased, and it saves investment and ongoing maintenance costs compared with other ways of slope protection, it can be said that its economic benefits are significant.
(1)通过理论计算和施工实践,验证了在护坡坡顶浇筑压重混凝土和坡底做浆砌石护脚会大大增加护坡安全稳定性的方法,为以后的工程提供了可靠的依据和经验。
(2)利用极限平衡条分法对铰接式混凝土砌块护坡稳定性进行了分析,首先采用条分法计算了护坡土体(无砌块)的稳定性,然后对条分法加以改进(考虑砌块)计算了护坡整体(土体和砌块)的稳定性,通过两种方法的比较分析,表明毕肖普条分法更为适合。基于毕肖普条分法,进一步计算了不同坡度和不同砌块重量时护坡的稳定安全系数,结果表明不同坡度和砌块重量对护坡的稳定性有较小的影响,不是很敏感。
(3)运用FLAC数值分析软件,建立铰接式混凝土砌块护坡的数值仿真计算模型,采用强度折减技术对护坡稳定性进行了计算分析。计算了不同参数下护坡的稳定安全系数,通过比较分析,利用此种方法可以得到更为精确的结果。
(4)采用连续介质稳定渗流数学模型的有限差分法,详细讨论了不同水位对护坡稳定性的影响,通过计算分析了不同种因素在水位变化时对护坡稳定性的影响。
(5)针对北方地区寒冷季节会产生冻胀问题,对铰接式混凝土砌块护坡具有代表性的区域进行了现场变形监测,通过对不同时段和不同位置的监测数据分析计算和对砌块进行多次冻融循环试验,结果证明了该种形式护坡能够满足和适应北方寒冷地区的抗冻性要求和冻胀变形,不会因冻胀问题发生破坏。
(6)铰接式混凝土砌块护坡工程完工后,进行了几年的连续现场监测,结果表明：水土保持效益明显,节省了土地资源,又能满足绿化要求,增加了景观效益,并且较其他护坡形式节省了投资和后期维护费用,经济效益显著。
With the rapid development of social economy and the gradual improvement of living standards, people have much higher demand for the ecological environment and landscape. Rivers have not only basic functions of the watercourse such as flood control, drainage, water storage, clean water supply, shipping, etc, but also play an important role in landscape, tourism, ecology and enrichment of surrounding environment, people are eager to see the landscape of clear water and blue sky, river with green trees on both banks, fish and shrimp swimming in the water. Watercourse embankment protecting slope is critical infrastructure to ensure the safety of dike and is also an important part of dike risk elimination and reinforcement construction. The traditional ways of slope protection such as cement stone, concrete plates and molded concrete bag to some extent change the original natural ecological environment of rivers, affect the ecological features and functions of rivers, destroy the harmony and unity of nature and the environment. Therefore, ecological and environmental factors begin to be considered in design of slope structure. The development of slope protection technology has thus transformed from pure engineering measures into eco-friendly technologies in order to adapt to new situation. More environmental friendly ways of slope protection like Ecology, plant and landscape will be the inevitable trend of future development. As environment protection becomes the future trend, a new way of ecological slope protection, articulated concrete block, has been gradually applied in water conservancy project. In this paper, the project of articulated concrete block slope protection of Shenyang Bird Island Park is taken as an example; it is comprehensively studied and systematically analyzed to explore the analysis and calculation of slope stability, frozen and expansion monitor and social benefit etc. The paper mainly consists of following six parts:
(1)It is verified by theoretical calculation and construction practice that concrete pouring and heavy pressure on the top of the protected slope and cement block reinforced at bottom of slope will greatly increase safety and stability of protection slope, which provide reliable basis and experience for future projects.
(2)The stability of articulated concrete block protected slope is being analyzed by using limit equilibrium method. Firstly, calculated the stability of slope soil (no block) by using slice method, secondly, calculated the stability of slope (soil and block) by improving slice method (take block into consideration), it is proved that Bishop slice method is more suitable after comparisons and analysis of these two method. Based on Bishop Slice method, further calculated slope stability and safety coefficient with different slope angle and concrete block weight, it is showed that the different slope angle and blocks is not sensitive to the stability of protected slope.
(3)Numerical simulation model of articulated concrete blocks protected slope is established by using FLAC data analysis software, Strength reduction techniques is used to calculate and analyze slope stability, more accurate results can be obtained by comparing and analyzing calculated slope stability and safety coefficients under different parameters.
(4)Impact on stability of protected slop under different water level is thoroughly discussed by using finite difference method of continuous medium stable seepage mathematical model, which is to calculate and analyze influence on stability of protected slope under various parameters as water levels change.
(5)As for frozen expansion in northern cold region, field deformation monitoring is conducted at typical part of articulated concrete block protected slope, by analyzing data collected at different location and in various time and multiple freeze-thaw cycle test of concrete block, it is proved that this protected slope can meet and suit the requirements of anti-frozen and frozen expansion deformation in northern cold region, and will not be damaged due to frozen expansion.
(6)When project of the articulated concrete block protected slope was finished, field monitoring is conducted in following several consecutive years, it is shown that Soil and water conservation is obvious, land resources is saved, afforesting requirement is met, effectiveness of the landscape is increased, and it saves investment and ongoing maintenance costs compared with other ways of slope protection, it can be said that its economic benefits are significant.
引文
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