中国检察人力资源管理机制研究
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摘要
检察机关作为国家的法律监督机关,在实现依法治国、建设社会主义法治国家的进程中,发挥着重要的作用。伴随着我国司法体制和工作机制改革的不断深化、人民群众对司法公正要求的不断提高,对检察机关正确履行法律监督职能、维护公平正义提出了新的更高的要求。一直以来,理论界和实务界关于维护司法公正的探讨,更多地是集中于刑事诉讼制度的完善和检察业务工作机制的改进,对于检察人力资源管理问题的研究没有得到应有的重视,“见事不见人”的问题较为严重。人力资源是检察机关的第一资源。事实上,检察机关现行的人力资源管理中存在的种种问题,已经在很多程度上影响到了检察权的正确行使和检察职能的充分发挥。
本文在系统地提出检察人力资源管理机制的概念、特征和构成要素的基础上,研究了建立符合检察工作规律的、去行政化的人力资源管理机制的总体思路,分专题研究了检察人力资源管理机制中的选任机制、素能开发机制、配置机制、激励机制、考评机制和文化机制,对于指导检察人力资源管理,增强人力资源管理效能和水平,促进检察工作科学发展,具有较强理论和现实指导意义。
本文在研究方法上,引入了现代人力资源管理理论研究检察人力资源管理,运用了管理学、人力资源管理学、组织行为学、心理学、统计学、比较研究等方法研究检察人力资源管理问题。
本文的创新之处在于,构建起了检察人力资源管理机制的概念、逻辑、制度和内容体系,形成了较为全面系统的理论观点和方法,在具体研究中运用了组织行为学和心理学中的组织公民行为理论研究激励机制问题、设计检察人员激励模型,运用了博弈论中的有关理论观点和方法设计双重管理体制下检察人员管理的制度模型等,在国内同领域还处于空白或起步阶段。
Procuratorial authorities, as the country’s judicial authorities, are playing an important role in the process of managing state affairs according to law and building a socialist state ruled by law. Accompanied by continuously deepening reformation on China’s judicial structure and judicial working mechanism as well as constantly increasing demand for judicial justice raised by the people, new and higher requirements to execute duties properly and maintain fairness and justice are made to the procuratorial authorities. All along research and discussion about how to maintain judicial justice in the theory circle and practice circle have focused mostly on the perfection of criminal procedure system and improvement of working mechanism of procuratorial service, while research on human resource administration issues in prosecutorial authorities has not been given due attention. Human resources are the principal resources for procuratorial authorities. Actually, the diverse problems existing in current human resource administration have affected the proper exercise of prosecutorial power and full exertion of prosecutorial functions to a large extent.
On the foundation of elaborating the concept, features and elements of human resource administrative mechanism applied in procuratorial authorities, this paper put forward general thoughts for establishing dele-administrative human resource administrative mechanism in accordance with law of prosecutorial work. Under different subjects, this paper researches into the selection and appointment mechanism, quality and ability development mechanism, allocation mechanism, incentive mechanism, evaluation mechanism and cultural mechanism among human resource administrative mechanisms established by procuratorial authorities. All the researches conducted attach great theoretical and practical directive significance to guiding human resource administration in procuratorial work, enhancing its efficiency and level as well as promoting procuratorial development scientifically.
In this paper, the modern human resource administration theories are adopted to research into the human resource administration applied in procuratorial authorities. To be more specific, research methods of management, human resource management, organizational behavior, psychology, statistics, and comparative studies are utilized to research into the human resource administration applied in procuratorial authorities.
The innovation of this paper is to build up systems of concepts, logic, institutions and contents of human resource administrative mechanism applied in procuratorial authorities, thus to form more comprehensively and systemically theoretical perspectives and methods. In specific researches, organizational citizenship behavior theories of organizational behavior and psychology are employed to research into incentive mechanisms, to design incentive models of procuratorial personnel, and to design institutional models for administration of procuratorial personnel under the procuratorial integration. Similar researches in the same academic domain in China have either not initiated or been at the initial stage.
本文在系统地提出检察人力资源管理机制的概念、特征和构成要素的基础上,研究了建立符合检察工作规律的、去行政化的人力资源管理机制的总体思路,分专题研究了检察人力资源管理机制中的选任机制、素能开发机制、配置机制、激励机制、考评机制和文化机制,对于指导检察人力资源管理,增强人力资源管理效能和水平,促进检察工作科学发展,具有较强理论和现实指导意义。
本文在研究方法上,引入了现代人力资源管理理论研究检察人力资源管理,运用了管理学、人力资源管理学、组织行为学、心理学、统计学、比较研究等方法研究检察人力资源管理问题。
本文的创新之处在于,构建起了检察人力资源管理机制的概念、逻辑、制度和内容体系,形成了较为全面系统的理论观点和方法,在具体研究中运用了组织行为学和心理学中的组织公民行为理论研究激励机制问题、设计检察人员激励模型,运用了博弈论中的有关理论观点和方法设计双重管理体制下检察人员管理的制度模型等,在国内同领域还处于空白或起步阶段。
Procuratorial authorities, as the country’s judicial authorities, are playing an important role in the process of managing state affairs according to law and building a socialist state ruled by law. Accompanied by continuously deepening reformation on China’s judicial structure and judicial working mechanism as well as constantly increasing demand for judicial justice raised by the people, new and higher requirements to execute duties properly and maintain fairness and justice are made to the procuratorial authorities. All along research and discussion about how to maintain judicial justice in the theory circle and practice circle have focused mostly on the perfection of criminal procedure system and improvement of working mechanism of procuratorial service, while research on human resource administration issues in prosecutorial authorities has not been given due attention. Human resources are the principal resources for procuratorial authorities. Actually, the diverse problems existing in current human resource administration have affected the proper exercise of prosecutorial power and full exertion of prosecutorial functions to a large extent.
On the foundation of elaborating the concept, features and elements of human resource administrative mechanism applied in procuratorial authorities, this paper put forward general thoughts for establishing dele-administrative human resource administrative mechanism in accordance with law of prosecutorial work. Under different subjects, this paper researches into the selection and appointment mechanism, quality and ability development mechanism, allocation mechanism, incentive mechanism, evaluation mechanism and cultural mechanism among human resource administrative mechanisms established by procuratorial authorities. All the researches conducted attach great theoretical and practical directive significance to guiding human resource administration in procuratorial work, enhancing its efficiency and level as well as promoting procuratorial development scientifically.
In this paper, the modern human resource administration theories are adopted to research into the human resource administration applied in procuratorial authorities. To be more specific, research methods of management, human resource management, organizational behavior, psychology, statistics, and comparative studies are utilized to research into the human resource administration applied in procuratorial authorities.
The innovation of this paper is to build up systems of concepts, logic, institutions and contents of human resource administrative mechanism applied in procuratorial authorities, thus to form more comprehensively and systemically theoretical perspectives and methods. In specific researches, organizational citizenship behavior theories of organizational behavior and psychology are employed to research into incentive mechanisms, to design incentive models of procuratorial personnel, and to design institutional models for administration of procuratorial personnel under the procuratorial integration. Similar researches in the same academic domain in China have either not initiated or been at the initial stage.
引文
陈光中主编.1999.司法公正与司法改革[M].北京:中国民主法制出版社,195-201.
陈建民主编.1999.检察院组织法比较研究[M].北京:中国检察出版社,112.
陈健民主编.2000.检察立法与检察制度[M].北京:中国检察出版社,90-93.
蔡定剑.1991.国家监督制度[M].北京:中国法制出版社,118-127.
方振邦.2003.绩效管理[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,158-167.
顾培东,2000.中国司法改革的宏观思考[J],法学研究,3.
H.W.埃尔曼,2002.比较法律文化[M].贺卫方,高鸿钧,译.北京:清华大学出版社,12.
贺卫方,1997.中国司法管理制度的两个问题[J].中国社会科学,6.
何勤华主编.2001.法的移植及法的本土化[M].北京:法律出版社,223-227.
金文彤,2005,中国检察官制度研究:[博士],北京:中国政法大学,18-23。
李雪慧主编.2003.中国检察改革报告[M].北京:中国检察出版社,276-297.
梁治平.2002.法辨—中国法的过去、现在与未来[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1-2.
龙双喜、冯仁强,2004.宪政视角下的中国检察权[J].法学,11.
龙宗智,2003.论检察权的性质与检察机关的改革[J].法学,10.
林任雄.1999.检察官论[M].台湾:学林文化出版社,120-123.
马新琼、吴云,2005.探索检察人事制度改革的有效途径[J].检察实践,1.
浦兴祖主编.1999.当代中国政治制度[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,86.
孙谦,郑成良主编.2002.司法改革报告一一有关国家司法改革的理念与经验[M].北京:法律出版社,15-17.
孙谦,郑成良主编.2005.司法改革报告—中国的检察院、法院改革[M].北京:法律出版社.
孙谦主编.2004.中国检察制度论纲[M].北京:人民出版社,77-89.
孙谦.2004.检察:理念、制度与改革[M].北京:法律出版社,212.
宋英辉,郭成伟主编.2002.当代司法体制研究[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,32.
宋冰.1998.程序、正义与现代化[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,75-78.
石少侠,2003.论司法改革中的改革观[J].国家检察官学院学报,4.
斯蒂芬·P·罗宾斯.1997.组织行为学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,522-526.
泰勒. 1998.原始文化[M].蔡江浓,编译.浙江:浙江人民出版社,1.
谭世贵主编.2003.司法腐败防治论[M].北京:法律出版社,203-223.
谭世贵主编.2000.中国司法改革研究[M].北京:法律出版社117-123.
王利明.2000.司法改革研究[M].北京:法律出版社,18-22.
威廉·A·哈维兰.1987.当代人类学[M].上海:上海人民出版社,242.
熊先觉.1998.中国司法制度新论[M].北京:中国法制出版社,11-20.
叶青,黄一超主编.2003.中国检察制度研究[M].上海:上海社会科学出版社,20-22.
杨一平.1999.司法正义论[M].北京:法律出版社,156.
甄贞.2010.检察制度比较研究[M].北京:法律出版社,41-65.
张文显,信春鹰,孙谦主编. 2003.司法改革报告一一法律职业共同体研究[M].北京:法律出版社,31-35.
张智辉,杨诚主编.检察官作用准则比较研究[M].北京:中国检察出版社,12-17.
张福森主编.2003.各国司法体制简介[M].北京:法律出版社,91-105.
张学军主编.2001.检察管理学[M].北京:中国检察出版社,15.
张学军主编.检察领导学[M].北京:中国检察出版社,20.
张学军主编.2001.检察人才学[M].北京:中国检察出版社,18-21.
朱绍侯主编.1990.中国古代史[M].福建:福建人民出版社,191-215.
张建伟.2002.刑事司法体制原理[M].北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,98-101.
张德主编.2003.人力资源开发与管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,189-192.
左为民.2000.变迁与改革—法院制度现代化研究[M].北京:法律出版社,91-95.
中华人民共和国宪法
中华人民共和国检察院组织法
中华人民共和国检察官法
中华人民共和国检察官职业道德基本准则(试行)
全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改《中华人民共和国检察官法》的决定
最高人民检察院关于2009年—2012年大规模推进检察教育培训工作的实施意见
中华人民共和国公务员法
http://www.spp.gov.cn/site2006/2009-03-30/0001422808.html
http://www.spp.gov.cn/site2006/download/doc/42.doc
Kate Malleson,1998.The New Judiciary, Ashgtre Publishing Company.
Livinston Armytage,Educating Judge,1996.towards a new model of continuing judicial learning,The Hague Kluwer Law Internationa.
Schults, David A., Rober Maranto.1998. The Politics of Civil Service Reform, New York: Peter Lang Publishing Znc.
陈建民主编.1999.检察院组织法比较研究[M].北京:中国检察出版社,112.
陈健民主编.2000.检察立法与检察制度[M].北京:中国检察出版社,90-93.
蔡定剑.1991.国家监督制度[M].北京:中国法制出版社,118-127.
方振邦.2003.绩效管理[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,158-167.
顾培东,2000.中国司法改革的宏观思考[J],法学研究,3.
H.W.埃尔曼,2002.比较法律文化[M].贺卫方,高鸿钧,译.北京:清华大学出版社,12.
贺卫方,1997.中国司法管理制度的两个问题[J].中国社会科学,6.
何勤华主编.2001.法的移植及法的本土化[M].北京:法律出版社,223-227.
金文彤,2005,中国检察官制度研究:[博士],北京:中国政法大学,18-23。
李雪慧主编.2003.中国检察改革报告[M].北京:中国检察出版社,276-297.
梁治平.2002.法辨—中国法的过去、现在与未来[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1-2.
龙双喜、冯仁强,2004.宪政视角下的中国检察权[J].法学,11.
龙宗智,2003.论检察权的性质与检察机关的改革[J].法学,10.
林任雄.1999.检察官论[M].台湾:学林文化出版社,120-123.
马新琼、吴云,2005.探索检察人事制度改革的有效途径[J].检察实践,1.
浦兴祖主编.1999.当代中国政治制度[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,86.
孙谦,郑成良主编.2002.司法改革报告一一有关国家司法改革的理念与经验[M].北京:法律出版社,15-17.
孙谦,郑成良主编.2005.司法改革报告—中国的检察院、法院改革[M].北京:法律出版社.
孙谦主编.2004.中国检察制度论纲[M].北京:人民出版社,77-89.
孙谦.2004.检察:理念、制度与改革[M].北京:法律出版社,212.
宋英辉,郭成伟主编.2002.当代司法体制研究[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,32.
宋冰.1998.程序、正义与现代化[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,75-78.
石少侠,2003.论司法改革中的改革观[J].国家检察官学院学报,4.
斯蒂芬·P·罗宾斯.1997.组织行为学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,522-526.
泰勒. 1998.原始文化[M].蔡江浓,编译.浙江:浙江人民出版社,1.
谭世贵主编.2003.司法腐败防治论[M].北京:法律出版社,203-223.
谭世贵主编.2000.中国司法改革研究[M].北京:法律出版社117-123.
王利明.2000.司法改革研究[M].北京:法律出版社,18-22.
威廉·A·哈维兰.1987.当代人类学[M].上海:上海人民出版社,242.
熊先觉.1998.中国司法制度新论[M].北京:中国法制出版社,11-20.
叶青,黄一超主编.2003.中国检察制度研究[M].上海:上海社会科学出版社,20-22.
杨一平.1999.司法正义论[M].北京:法律出版社,156.
甄贞.2010.检察制度比较研究[M].北京:法律出版社,41-65.
张文显,信春鹰,孙谦主编. 2003.司法改革报告一一法律职业共同体研究[M].北京:法律出版社,31-35.
张智辉,杨诚主编.检察官作用准则比较研究[M].北京:中国检察出版社,12-17.
张福森主编.2003.各国司法体制简介[M].北京:法律出版社,91-105.
张学军主编.2001.检察管理学[M].北京:中国检察出版社,15.
张学军主编.检察领导学[M].北京:中国检察出版社,20.
张学军主编.2001.检察人才学[M].北京:中国检察出版社,18-21.
朱绍侯主编.1990.中国古代史[M].福建:福建人民出版社,191-215.
张建伟.2002.刑事司法体制原理[M].北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,98-101.
张德主编.2003.人力资源开发与管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,189-192.
左为民.2000.变迁与改革—法院制度现代化研究[M].北京:法律出版社,91-95.
中华人民共和国宪法
中华人民共和国检察院组织法
中华人民共和国检察官法
中华人民共和国检察官职业道德基本准则(试行)
全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改《中华人民共和国检察官法》的决定
最高人民检察院关于2009年—2012年大规模推进检察教育培训工作的实施意见
中华人民共和国公务员法
http://www.spp.gov.cn/site2006/2009-03-30/0001422808.html
http://www.spp.gov.cn/site2006/download/doc/42.doc
Kate Malleson,1998.The New Judiciary, Ashgtre Publishing Company.
Livinston Armytage,Educating Judge,1996.towards a new model of continuing judicial learning,The Hague Kluwer Law Internationa.
Schults, David A., Rober Maranto.1998. The Politics of Civil Service Reform, New York: Peter Lang Publishing Znc.
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