风暴潮与波浪耦合数值预报模型的研究
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摘要
风暴潮的研究是现代海洋技术发展中备受关注的一个课题,因为它威胁着沿岸城市的经济与人们的生命安全。我国海岸线绵长,每年夏秋季节遭热带气旋袭击,春冬受寒潮大风影响,致使沿岸一些城市成为受风暴潮致灾的频发区。研究风暴潮的产生、发展和对海岸线侵袭过程的物理机制具有重要的理论意义,特别是精确预报风暴潮具有迫切的现实意义。
本文通过分析风暴潮与波浪产生及耦合的机理,建立了风暴潮与波浪耦合数值预报模型。该模型从推导二维温带风暴潮控制方程出发,采用有限差分的ADI(Alternating Direction Implicit Method)格式对风暴潮方程进行离散和求解,建立了风暴潮数值计算模型,通过对风暴潮过程计算,实现对风暴潮潮位的实时预报。然后确定了采用动量谱方程描述的波浪模型SWAN计算模拟区域的波浪要素。利用潮流项与波浪辐射应力项将上述两个模型进行耦合,对模拟区域的风暴潮过程进行更为精确的计算。
为提高风暴潮数值预报模型的控制边界精度,在计算区域陆边界处采用局部深槽、缩小水域的方法,同时提出调和分析、嵌套模型和风场作用三位一体的风暴潮数学模型水边界确定方法。将上述风暴数值预报模型、波浪模式SWAN和两者的耦合模型分别应用于渤海湾海域,通过对发生在该区域的两次风暴潮过程的模拟计算,得到了波浪辐射应力作用前后风暴潮潮流、潮位过程和潮流影响前后有效波高、辐射应力分布状况。结果表明海域潮流受到波浪辐射应力的影响整体流速加快,而区域潮位则是不同程度受到影响。在模型的边界区域是波浪辐射应力的强作用区域,使得该区域的潮流受到明显扰动。同时波浪场在受到风暴潮潮流的作用时,SWAN模拟的有效波高变化较为明显,而波浪辐射应力在潮流作用前后未表现出较大的变化。通过上述结果分析,发现耦合模型的研究对于提高风暴潮潮位预报精度具有重要的意义。
Storm surge is an important topic on the development of modern Marine technology, because it threats human life and property safety in the coastal cities. China has a long coastline, which is affected by the tropical cyclone in annual summer and fall, the cold weather and winds in winter and spring. Storm surges frequently land on these coastal cities. Studying on the physical mechanism of the generation and development of storm surge, and the course of the coastline invasion is of great theoretical significance, especially researches on the accurate forecasted model is of an urgent practical significance.
The study analyze the generating mechanism and coupling effect of storm surge and waves, a coupled numerical model of storm surge and wave is developed. First, the paper deduces the two-dimensional control equation of storm surge, then makes use of ADI (Alternating Direction Implicit Method) format of finite difference method to disperse and solve the storm surge equations. Based on the work a numerical simulating model of storm surge is builed, the purpose aims at forecasting the storm surge in the simulated area. To calculate wave characteristics, SWAN model described by the action balance equations is adopted. The more accurate results are achieved by the coupled model through currents and wave radiation stresses.
To improve the border precision of this numerical model, local deepening and water range reducing are adopted to deal with the boundary of shallow water, the method of harmonic analysis, nested model and wind field model come together to make sure the water boundary. The numerical model of storm surge, SWAN model and the coupled model are applied to two typical storm surge process in Bohai Bay, we gain the water level and current field with effect of wave radiation stress, the distribution of significant wave height and radiation stress effected by current otherwise. The results show that the velocity of current increases because of radiation stress, especially in the area of land boundary where strongly affected by radiation stress. When wave field affected by current is caculated, the significant wave height is different from the results which ignore effects of current. But there is no obvious influence for radiation stress. From the upper ananlysis, it is believed that the study on the coupled model is of a great value for storm surge forecasting.
本文通过分析风暴潮与波浪产生及耦合的机理,建立了风暴潮与波浪耦合数值预报模型。该模型从推导二维温带风暴潮控制方程出发,采用有限差分的ADI(Alternating Direction Implicit Method)格式对风暴潮方程进行离散和求解,建立了风暴潮数值计算模型,通过对风暴潮过程计算,实现对风暴潮潮位的实时预报。然后确定了采用动量谱方程描述的波浪模型SWAN计算模拟区域的波浪要素。利用潮流项与波浪辐射应力项将上述两个模型进行耦合,对模拟区域的风暴潮过程进行更为精确的计算。
为提高风暴潮数值预报模型的控制边界精度,在计算区域陆边界处采用局部深槽、缩小水域的方法,同时提出调和分析、嵌套模型和风场作用三位一体的风暴潮数学模型水边界确定方法。将上述风暴数值预报模型、波浪模式SWAN和两者的耦合模型分别应用于渤海湾海域,通过对发生在该区域的两次风暴潮过程的模拟计算,得到了波浪辐射应力作用前后风暴潮潮流、潮位过程和潮流影响前后有效波高、辐射应力分布状况。结果表明海域潮流受到波浪辐射应力的影响整体流速加快,而区域潮位则是不同程度受到影响。在模型的边界区域是波浪辐射应力的强作用区域,使得该区域的潮流受到明显扰动。同时波浪场在受到风暴潮潮流的作用时,SWAN模拟的有效波高变化较为明显,而波浪辐射应力在潮流作用前后未表现出较大的变化。通过上述结果分析,发现耦合模型的研究对于提高风暴潮潮位预报精度具有重要的意义。
Storm surge is an important topic on the development of modern Marine technology, because it threats human life and property safety in the coastal cities. China has a long coastline, which is affected by the tropical cyclone in annual summer and fall, the cold weather and winds in winter and spring. Storm surges frequently land on these coastal cities. Studying on the physical mechanism of the generation and development of storm surge, and the course of the coastline invasion is of great theoretical significance, especially researches on the accurate forecasted model is of an urgent practical significance.
The study analyze the generating mechanism and coupling effect of storm surge and waves, a coupled numerical model of storm surge and wave is developed. First, the paper deduces the two-dimensional control equation of storm surge, then makes use of ADI (Alternating Direction Implicit Method) format of finite difference method to disperse and solve the storm surge equations. Based on the work a numerical simulating model of storm surge is builed, the purpose aims at forecasting the storm surge in the simulated area. To calculate wave characteristics, SWAN model described by the action balance equations is adopted. The more accurate results are achieved by the coupled model through currents and wave radiation stresses.
To improve the border precision of this numerical model, local deepening and water range reducing are adopted to deal with the boundary of shallow water, the method of harmonic analysis, nested model and wind field model come together to make sure the water boundary. The numerical model of storm surge, SWAN model and the coupled model are applied to two typical storm surge process in Bohai Bay, we gain the water level and current field with effect of wave radiation stress, the distribution of significant wave height and radiation stress effected by current otherwise. The results show that the velocity of current increases because of radiation stress, especially in the area of land boundary where strongly affected by radiation stress. When wave field affected by current is caculated, the significant wave height is different from the results which ignore effects of current. But there is no obvious influence for radiation stress. From the upper ananlysis, it is believed that the study on the coupled model is of a great value for storm surge forecasting.
引文
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